This document summarizes an exploratory study on youth empowerment through information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Nigeria. It provides background on ICT development in Nigeria, defining ICTs and discussing their potential benefits. The study utilized a survey of 389 youths aged 18-35 across three zones of Bauchi state, Nigeria, analyzing responses using statistical methods to understand factors impacting ICT empowerment. Key findings could provide insight into how improving youth access to ICT training and skills development can promote economic opportunities and reduce poverty in Nigeria.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
Financing for Development; unlocking investment opportunities through Digital...Ugochukwu Agu
I have proposed unlocking investment opportunities through Digital Vocational Academy (VDA) as part of the financing for development in Liberia. However, it is fair to re-emphasized that ICTs are tools; they are not ends in themselves. Following the increase in demand for new skills in the new knowledge economy, ICTs have become means to reach economic ends. Technology is a manifestation of human creativity channelled towards problem-solving. Such innovative application of modern ICTs in skill development among disadvantaged youth and women will be the driving force in fulfilling the SDGs while partnering the private sector.
The 21st Century Knowledge Economy powerpoint to pdfCecile Peterkin
In the Knowledge Economy, more specialized skills are needed to compete in the job market. Learning is continuous. Education is no longer sufficient for the new demands of the 21st century. The 21st Century demands choosing the right occupation, and having the right skills – even the right location
Studies show investment in leadership
development yields results in financial
performance, talent attraction and
retention, organizational agility, and
employee productivity.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
Financing for Development; unlocking investment opportunities through Digital...Ugochukwu Agu
I have proposed unlocking investment opportunities through Digital Vocational Academy (VDA) as part of the financing for development in Liberia. However, it is fair to re-emphasized that ICTs are tools; they are not ends in themselves. Following the increase in demand for new skills in the new knowledge economy, ICTs have become means to reach economic ends. Technology is a manifestation of human creativity channelled towards problem-solving. Such innovative application of modern ICTs in skill development among disadvantaged youth and women will be the driving force in fulfilling the SDGs while partnering the private sector.
The 21st Century Knowledge Economy powerpoint to pdfCecile Peterkin
In the Knowledge Economy, more specialized skills are needed to compete in the job market. Learning is continuous. Education is no longer sufficient for the new demands of the 21st century. The 21st Century demands choosing the right occupation, and having the right skills – even the right location
Studies show investment in leadership
development yields results in financial
performance, talent attraction and
retention, organizational agility, and
employee productivity.
This report takes about the possibility of improving the employment rate in Yemen( since the amount of literacy is extremely low in Yemen in term of Internet).
So to solve the problem of unemployment we have to solve the severe problem of literacy in term of ICT or literacy in general.
Yemen is one of the countries with least measure in various fields. In this paper i talk about the role of ICT and Yemen unemployment.
here is the presentation slides of the paper.
http://www.slideshare.net/salahecom/ict-culturing-conference-presentation-presented-20131207
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
By using ICT (information and communication Technology) technical capabilities of women develop their entrepreneurial capabilities & enhance social, economic empowerment. Entrepreneurship has emerged as an invaluable tool for economic empowerment of women. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is always an essential element in business world. The survival of business organizations are largely depending on the efficient use of ICTs in enhancing their survival. ICTs are providing women entrepreneurs many opportunities to empower themselves in multifarious ways. Vital issues demanding further attention is improving the ability of women to utilize ICT effectively and in particular for knowledge attainment and creation, in personal and community development as well as socialization channel. Dr. Ritushree Narayan"Empowerment of Women Entrepreneurs with ICT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11667.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/11667/empowerment-of-women-entrepreneurs-with-ict/dr-ritushree-narayan
THE IMPACT OF TELECOMMUNICATION BUSINESS ON YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY REDU...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examines the impact of telecommunication business on youth unemployment and poverty reduction in Zamfara State. The study intends to find out how telecommunication business activities have positively influenced the wellbeing of the young people. Data were collected using multistage sampling and purposive sampling techniques from 200 respondents in the study area. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple least-squares regression model and logit regression analysis model. The result of the multiple least- square regression analyses showed that telecommunication business has significant influenced on youth employment in the study area. Similarly the result of the logit regression analysis also revealed that telecommunication business has significant influence on youth poverty reduction in the study. The study recommended for government interventions at all levels to encourage these youth in term of easy access to venture capital, telecommunications service provider quality service delivery and provision of appropriate youth telecommunication employed database.
Presented in the Innovation Arabia annual conference themed: ‘Building Smart Communities: Balancing Innovation, Change and Transformation’ that was organized jointly with Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, in the United Arab Emirates.
ICCA 2063 - Exploring the Next Fifty Years by Rohit Talwar 03/09/13Rohit Talwar
To help us explore what the next fifty years might hold, ICCA asked industry futurist, Rohit Talwar, to peer over the horizon and help us understand the science and technology developments that might shape our world and explore the implications for associations and their events.
Included topics - Future frontiers of science and technology; information technology, the internet and beyond; manufacturing, robotics, and new materials; and human enhancement
Socio-Political Implications of Youth Unemployment on Nigeria’s Economic Deve...iosrjce
Youth unemployment may be regarded as one of the major problems confronting the Nigerian state
presently. Unemployed youths feel alienated from the society and have a total distrust of the political system. A
person’s job beyond providing for daily subsistence also determines the individual’s social status, affecting
relationship with peers, people in the person’s neighborhood as well as extended family members. The paper a
desk research, relied entirely on secondary data, sourced from scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles,
relevant published books, materials downloaded from the internet, as well as government and institutional
publications. In this paper, we argue that high level of youth unemployment in both urban and rural areas in
Nigeria has generated a situation of acute social and political unrest. The frustrated youths have become
aggressive in making themselves available to be used by politicians who are not sure of winning the people’s
mandate during general election. These politicians pay them to engage in anti-democratic process activities,
including pre- election, election-day and post election violence. Some youths engage in various criminal
activities that frustrate economic development of the state. We recommend that government should put in place
social welfare programmes that attend to the needs of unemployed youths, provide the enabling environment for
private investors to establish industries that will employ the youths as well as introduce the fiscal policies that
will make banks to provide soft loans to the youths who have entrepreneurial skills.
As in the real world, the digital economy has also thrown up its share of shifting buzzwords. From ‘e-Commerce’ and ‘dot.com’ at the turn of the century, the last couple of years have thrown up ‘ICT’ as the all encompassing technology and for business the newest buzz is undoubtedly ‘outsourcing’. Rarely has a single trend impacted global business and industry these last few years as much as outsourcing or ‘off-shoring’ as it is referred to in the US. Coming along with the compulsions of globalisation mandated by the WTO agreements it has helped develop new markets, improved bottom lines, expanded the range of goods and services and pulled the planet together into a tighter-knit community. This opportunity of outsourcing from the perspective of developing economies is ICT services export.
ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE SURVIVAL OF SMA...ijmpict
This study is to examine the role of ICT in the survival of selected SMEsin Koforidua, Ghana The study employed descriptive technique to conduct the survey. Using a sample of 100 SMEs, an accidental sampling of a non-probability technique was used to gathered data and information. The study argues out that majority of the SMEs operators do use at least one ICT tool in supporting their operations within the New Juaben Municipality. The study revealed that ICT is good and helps business survival in difficult times and become competitive in support of literature reviewed. The study suggested that periodic training in the form of workshops and sensitization programs on the benefits and the use ICT resources in business growth strategies should be organized by National Board for Small-Scale Industries (NBSSI). SME operators, can also outsource their ICT delivery systems by engaging ICT consultants in order to avoid the problem of funding relating to the setting up of their own ICT system which usually requires huge initial capital outlay.The primary policy recommendation arising out of this is that applications for SMEs need to be developed using mobile phones.
This report takes about the possibility of improving the employment rate in Yemen( since the amount of literacy is extremely low in Yemen in term of Internet).
So to solve the problem of unemployment we have to solve the severe problem of literacy in term of ICT or literacy in general.
Yemen is one of the countries with least measure in various fields. In this paper i talk about the role of ICT and Yemen unemployment.
here is the presentation slides of the paper.
http://www.slideshare.net/salahecom/ict-culturing-conference-presentation-presented-20131207
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
By using ICT (information and communication Technology) technical capabilities of women develop their entrepreneurial capabilities & enhance social, economic empowerment. Entrepreneurship has emerged as an invaluable tool for economic empowerment of women. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is always an essential element in business world. The survival of business organizations are largely depending on the efficient use of ICTs in enhancing their survival. ICTs are providing women entrepreneurs many opportunities to empower themselves in multifarious ways. Vital issues demanding further attention is improving the ability of women to utilize ICT effectively and in particular for knowledge attainment and creation, in personal and community development as well as socialization channel. Dr. Ritushree Narayan"Empowerment of Women Entrepreneurs with ICT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11667.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/11667/empowerment-of-women-entrepreneurs-with-ict/dr-ritushree-narayan
THE IMPACT OF TELECOMMUNICATION BUSINESS ON YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY REDU...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examines the impact of telecommunication business on youth unemployment and poverty reduction in Zamfara State. The study intends to find out how telecommunication business activities have positively influenced the wellbeing of the young people. Data were collected using multistage sampling and purposive sampling techniques from 200 respondents in the study area. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple least-squares regression model and logit regression analysis model. The result of the multiple least- square regression analyses showed that telecommunication business has significant influenced on youth employment in the study area. Similarly the result of the logit regression analysis also revealed that telecommunication business has significant influence on youth poverty reduction in the study. The study recommended for government interventions at all levels to encourage these youth in term of easy access to venture capital, telecommunications service provider quality service delivery and provision of appropriate youth telecommunication employed database.
Presented in the Innovation Arabia annual conference themed: ‘Building Smart Communities: Balancing Innovation, Change and Transformation’ that was organized jointly with Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, in the United Arab Emirates.
ICCA 2063 - Exploring the Next Fifty Years by Rohit Talwar 03/09/13Rohit Talwar
To help us explore what the next fifty years might hold, ICCA asked industry futurist, Rohit Talwar, to peer over the horizon and help us understand the science and technology developments that might shape our world and explore the implications for associations and their events.
Included topics - Future frontiers of science and technology; information technology, the internet and beyond; manufacturing, robotics, and new materials; and human enhancement
Socio-Political Implications of Youth Unemployment on Nigeria’s Economic Deve...iosrjce
Youth unemployment may be regarded as one of the major problems confronting the Nigerian state
presently. Unemployed youths feel alienated from the society and have a total distrust of the political system. A
person’s job beyond providing for daily subsistence also determines the individual’s social status, affecting
relationship with peers, people in the person’s neighborhood as well as extended family members. The paper a
desk research, relied entirely on secondary data, sourced from scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles,
relevant published books, materials downloaded from the internet, as well as government and institutional
publications. In this paper, we argue that high level of youth unemployment in both urban and rural areas in
Nigeria has generated a situation of acute social and political unrest. The frustrated youths have become
aggressive in making themselves available to be used by politicians who are not sure of winning the people’s
mandate during general election. These politicians pay them to engage in anti-democratic process activities,
including pre- election, election-day and post election violence. Some youths engage in various criminal
activities that frustrate economic development of the state. We recommend that government should put in place
social welfare programmes that attend to the needs of unemployed youths, provide the enabling environment for
private investors to establish industries that will employ the youths as well as introduce the fiscal policies that
will make banks to provide soft loans to the youths who have entrepreneurial skills.
As in the real world, the digital economy has also thrown up its share of shifting buzzwords. From ‘e-Commerce’ and ‘dot.com’ at the turn of the century, the last couple of years have thrown up ‘ICT’ as the all encompassing technology and for business the newest buzz is undoubtedly ‘outsourcing’. Rarely has a single trend impacted global business and industry these last few years as much as outsourcing or ‘off-shoring’ as it is referred to in the US. Coming along with the compulsions of globalisation mandated by the WTO agreements it has helped develop new markets, improved bottom lines, expanded the range of goods and services and pulled the planet together into a tighter-knit community. This opportunity of outsourcing from the perspective of developing economies is ICT services export.
ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE SURVIVAL OF SMA...ijmpict
This study is to examine the role of ICT in the survival of selected SMEsin Koforidua, Ghana The study employed descriptive technique to conduct the survey. Using a sample of 100 SMEs, an accidental sampling of a non-probability technique was used to gathered data and information. The study argues out that majority of the SMEs operators do use at least one ICT tool in supporting their operations within the New Juaben Municipality. The study revealed that ICT is good and helps business survival in difficult times and become competitive in support of literature reviewed. The study suggested that periodic training in the form of workshops and sensitization programs on the benefits and the use ICT resources in business growth strategies should be organized by National Board for Small-Scale Industries (NBSSI). SME operators, can also outsource their ICT delivery systems by engaging ICT consultants in order to avoid the problem of funding relating to the setting up of their own ICT system which usually requires huge initial capital outlay.The primary policy recommendation arising out of this is that applications for SMEs need to be developed using mobile phones.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
This study examines adult basic education in the 21st century world. The study identifies a new paradigm in response to global changes particularly concerning employment. Preparation for additional training as the basis for basic education for adults in the 21st century. The study also indicates that there is relationship between literacy, environment and development by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-thinking adult basic education in the 21st century . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 227-230. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.1041. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/1041/989 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/1041
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...RSIS International
The use of internet and information communication
technology (ICT) infrastructures is an essential aspect of
learning, this is why a lot of information on entrepreneurship
career choices are available online. However, the emerging
growth in the use of information and communication
technologies and services towards entrepreneurship development
is a challenge for efficient information dissemination and
learning especially in rural areas. This paper pointed out an area
in which MCIU can use Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) resources/infrastructure it possess for
entrepreneurship development and poverty alleviation in its
community. Thereby, encouraging social and economic growth,
and overcome the gap between urban and rural areas
entrepreneurship development. An online learning platform,
using video may contribute greatly in rural entrepreneurship
development such as MCIU community. Some examples of some
programmes like learning make over, headgear tying, bead
making, cake designing, etc online for a period of 4 to 6weeks
The aim of this study is to figure out an overview on the literature and related studies on the
awareness of digital labor in the economic system and how production of the capitalist system affects labor
employment and shaped the increase in the socio-economic inequality, which has benefited the capital in the
last 20 years,
Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT Dr Lendy Spires
Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT “The so-called digital divide is actually several gaps in one. There is a technological divide great gaps in infrastructure. There is a content divide. A lot of web-based information is simply not relevant to the real needs of people. And nearly 70 per cent of the world’s websites are in English, at times crowding out local voices and views.
There is a gender divide, with women and girls enjoying less access to information technology Introduction ICT and development The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool for development has attracted the sustained attention of the United Nations over recent years. Strategic partnerships have been developed with donors, the private sector and civil society, and working groups and task forces have been established to enhance inter-agency collaboration throughout the United Nations system. In 2000, the Economic and Social Council adopted a Ministerial Declaration on the role of information technology in the context of a knowledge-based economy.
In 2001, the Secretary-General established a high-level Information and Communication Technologies Task Force to provide overall leadership to the United Nations on the formulation of strategies to put ICT at the service of development.2 The Millennium Declaration adopted in 2000 underscored the urgency of ensuring that the benefits of new technologies, especially ICT, are made available to all. To achieve this goal, a United Nations World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was planned in two phases. The first phase, the Geneva Summit in December 2003, aimed to develop political will and to establish the foundations for an Information Society for all.
In total, 175 Governments endorsed the Declaration of Principles3 and Plan of Action at the first phase.4 The second phase of WSIS is planned for November 2005 in Tunis. Information and Communication Technologies comprise a complex and heterogeneous set of goods, applications and services used to produce, process, distribute and transform information.
RELEVANCE OF COMPUTER APPRECIATION/ICT TO THE CURRICULUM OF CERTIFICATE IN AU...Muhammad Muhammad Suleiman
Being A Text of Paper To Be Presented At Its 4-Days Final Phase of ASW Curriculum Review and Adaptation Meeting Held At Tahir Guest Palace, Kano, Organized By Society For Family Health, Between 27th To 30th April 2021
Embarking on a journey into the global knowledge economy Mohamed Bouanane
Current trends, whilst important to observe, by no means define a universal destiny for all countries. It is evident from the benchmark study that the information society is on the tipping-point – knowledge is becoming as ubiquitous as data and information has become today. It is unsafe to follow an existing policy, even good policy, because there is no universal destiny for all countries; rather build a unified and convergent strategy that takes into account the country’s own strengthens and weaknesses and seeks to exploit the synergistic combinatorial effects of many sectors working together in harmony to achieve growth and well-being for all citizens. Though far from a universal destination for all countries; the zenith of current holistic thinking is best portrayed by South Korea, it represents the ultimate target to emulate (not to copy) and exceed.
Most countries are seeking to position themselves in the predicted future global knowledge economy. Are they going about it the (same) right way? Are they all trying to win the same race? If so surely the majority of countries will be disappointed since only few countries will be in the top of ranking.
ICT has made a huge contribution to women's empowerment. women living in remote and rural areas are also being benefitted by ICT and they are making their contribution to society-building and development of the country.
How to strengthen digital literacy? Practical example of a European initiativ...eLearning Papers
Authors: Michelle Veugelers, Petra Newrly.
Digital Literacy has become one of the main competences in the 21st century. Without being able to use digital media effectively and responsibly the chances on the global market are very low.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
An exploratory evidence of youth’s ict empowerment in nigeria
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An Exploratory Evidence of Youth’s ICT empowerment in Nigeria
Baba HAFIZ1*
Jamal Abdul Nassir SHAARI2
, Adamu Ibrahim Saleh3
1. Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS),
2. Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS),
3. Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi State Nigeria
*Email: babahafiz@yahoo.com
Abstract
The new ICT revolution has now broadened the horizon of the opportunities among nations, organization,
institutions and individuals giving hopes to compete with their counterparts all over the world. It has been seen as
an important vehicle to propel individual to greater height as the world moves further into the knowledge
economy in this 21st century. It has been acknowledged that the information revolution is a powerful force with
enormous benefits in socio-economic and political developments. Such benefits include job creation, increase in
the stock of technologies and skills, ease of communication, expansion of trade, etc. particularly in developing
countries. Against this background scale were source from literature and focus group analysis using 5 points
likert scale. The questionnaire items have 65 indicators / constructs with the exception of demographic questions
reflecting the relevant variables. An exploratory factor analysis was run on 389 valid responses from 3
geo-political zones in Bauchi state, Nigeria within the ages of 18-35 years. Using SPSS version 16 to check
skewness and kurtosis. Utilising the maximum likelihood procedure which was followed by Varimax, rotation to
get a better understanding of the factor structure.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Empowerment, Poverty, and Nigeria.
1. Introduction
It is an established fact that major sectors of the World’s economy are already utilizing the capacity of
information technology to improve life generally. It is common knowledge that globalization brought about by
information and communication technology (ICT) has reduced the whole World to village without boundaries or
borders. ICT has been acknowledged as a powerful engine of development. The enormous economic benefits,
real and potentials of ICT are not in doubt, especially in the industrialized economies where the revolution is
rooted (Rayport and Jaworski, 2002). The 21st
century, started with the awareness that the new revolution
variously called information revolution and IT revolution has come to stay. Increasingly, it is also being realized
that the revolution is presenting daunting challenges which must be frontally tackled in order to maximize both
potential and real benefits emanating from it (Olatukun, 2009; Olaoye, 2010). The challenges are at personal,
societal and global levels. For instance learning, understanding and operating within the action frame of a new
vocabulary, if not an entirely new language, that is peculiarly associated with information and communication
technology (ICT), is the bedrock of the IT revolution. The new ICT revolution has now broadened the horizon of
the opportunities among nations, organization, institutions and individuals giving hopes to compete with their
counterparts all over the world as observed by Collins, et al (2002). It has been seen as an important vehicle to
propel individual to greater height as the world moves further into the knowledge economy in this 21st century.
Empirically, studies have confirmed that ICT revolution can strengthen pillars of development, poverty reduction
and this is where it matters most in Nigeria (UNDP-APDIP Report 2004); Ebebe, (2002). Ingwe and Judith
(2008) stated that within barely 15 to 20 years, information and communication technologies (ICTs)-driven new
digital economy and high competition for global market share has engendered hunger for knowledge as one of the
main drivers of economic development factor for cities, states, nations and organizations in advanced nations.
The demands for high technological skilled workers are needed in the workforce in the 21st century. This has
created a lot of problems for the country because not everyone is literate in ICT skills and most youths have no
access to computer. In general, most of the school students are not exposed to the ICT skills and training and very
limited students and youth have the access to computer knowledge. This is one of the factors that influence
poverty and the government should think about how to improve the situation. As it is now, there are some efforts
being carried out but yet to be seen and not much has been achieved. There are lots to be done to improve the
situation if the government wants the economy to be better and the poverty rate to go down. The youths between
18 -35 years of age are mostly the victims of unemployment. Accordingly, ICTs revolution has greater
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opportunities and impetus to develop and empower people in many ways. The new millennium and indeed the
21st century, we have no choice but to upgrade ourselves in the knowledge and skills of ICT.
Based on Ebebe’s view (2002), the information revolution is not only said to be ubiquitous even though the
intensity and impact may not be the same everywhere but it is also credited with enormous benefits, real and
potential, that are capable of transforming any society. It is the information revolution that has indeed actualized
the fairy tale of global village, spawned globalization, opened up new vistas in the gap between the rich and the
poor and set a new competitive environment. He further stressed that ICT has become the defining force of
socio-economic development beginning from the late 20th century, influencing not only jobs, industrial output,
the relative economic performance of nations, but also the way people live and work as well as the future of
work, education and training.
Indeed, the information society has created a new order. It has created what is variously called the information
society, the knowledge society, the knowledge-based economy and digital economy (Ebebe, 2002).
ICT has proven to be increasingly fundamental for social and economic development. Access to basic ICT
infrastructure is a key to increasing the flow of information and improving communication and by extension
increasing possibilities and opportunities. It has proven that, ICT as a greater leveler between the developed and
the developing countries of the world. For example in this case are India, South Korea and Egypt. There is an
explosion in India’s InfoTech industry. Indian experts are supplying the hi-tech industries of Europe and US with
advanced software’s. It is said that as many as 700,000 new jobs are being created in India annually. Information
Technology is also helping Indian reverse the brain-drain syndrome today. One major reason that could account
for this phenomenal growth is the empowerment of its citizens, especially youths, through diverse ICT skill
programs and training (Zenith Economic Quarterly, 2008).
2. Definition of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
Information and Communication Technologies according to Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology
(2006) could be defined as any technology that facilitates communication and assist in capturing, processing and
transmitting information electronically.
Akunyili (2010) view ICTs as an umbrella term that covers all technical means for processing and
communicating information. In her view, the convergence of Information Technology (IT) and
telecommunication technology gave birth to ICT. Practically, ICT finds expression in digital technology and all
its uses and variants including the computer, the internet, mobile phony, the different electronic application (e.g.
e-banking, e-commerce, e-clinic etc.), digital media and broadband technology. Some commonly used ICTs in
many developing countries include radio, TV and print media. Modern ICTs such as soft wares, internet, fax,
emails etc. have become available to many countries Worldwide in recent years and they are effective means of
communicating knowledge and information to rural communities (Richardson, 1997; Kweku, 2006).
In general, empirical evidence from studies carried in many countries shows that ICTs may have several impacts
(Kramner, Jenkins & Katz, 2007). Again, ICTs now provide developing nations with unprecedented opportunity
to meet vital development goals such as poverty reduction, empowerment, basic health care and education, far
more effective than before. Those nations that succeeded in harnessing the potential of ICTs can look forward to
greatly expand economic growth, dramatic improvement in human welfare and stronger form of democratic
governance (Kofi, 1997). World Bank (2002 cited in IICD, 2006), also takes the position that “Information and
Communication Technologies are the key input for economic development and growth”. From the previously
mentioned statement, it is very clear that the transformative role of ICTs cannot be over emphasize as it impacts
on every facet of lives and economy in general. From the view ICT refers to the range of technologies that can
be applied in the process of collecting, storing, editing retrieving and transfer of information in various forms.
This definition implies that a broad range of technological equipment’s such as computer, internet, mobile
phones, storage device, and the World Wide Wave etc. which are used for exchange among people for different
purposes. By these descriptions of the components of ICTs, it should be clear why ICTs are considered a more
robust and all-encompassing phenomenon than the popular narrowly held conception of mere application of
computers in human activities.
However, Chen and Kee (2005), describe that, ICTs are the back bone of the knowledge economy in recent years
have been recognize as an effective tool for promoting poverty reduction, health, education, economic growth,
and sustainable development. The fact is that the advancement of ICTs is both an opportunity to overcome
inherent and historical disabilities in the economy and a challenge to ensure that developing countries like Nigeria
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are not left even behind the developed World. Liverpool (2002) view that ICT has already invaded and dominated
all paces of our lives in the developed World; It is invasion in to the system in most developing World and in
Africa in particular has been painfully slow. But the fact is that ICT represent an opportunity to those who can
respond to the new paradigm and a threat to those who cannot. Manjulika and Reddy (2002), reported that access
to ICT varies enormously from continent to continent and from country to country. This is particularly evident
when comparing developed and developing countries-representing a stark digital divide.
From the studies carried out in Brazil, Cambodia and Mexico by Judith M, Antonio J, & Luis H (2008), it was
found that for disadvantage youth, ICT can be particularly helpful in expanding employment opportunities.
However, the increased need for ICT skills may widen social and economic gaps because marginalized groups
may not have the same access to ICTs as higher income groups.
In the study conducted by Olaoye (2010), on globalization ICT and economic empowerment of women in Nigeria
cites, ICT has proven to be increasingly fundamental for social and economic development. Access to basic ICT
infrastructure is a key to increasing the flow of information and improving communications and by extension
increasing the flow of information and opportunities. ICT has been confirmed as the greatest leveler between the
developed and the developing nations of the world. A good example in this case is India. India’s economy is
basically IT driven and it has attained, through this means, the position of the fourth biggest economy in the
world as at 2007 (Zenith Economic Quarterly, 2008). One major reason that account for this development is the
empowerment of its citizen, through diverse ICT programs and training.
3. Historical and status report of ICT in Nigeria.
In Nigeria, the ICT space is still an infant– with a clearly fast-paced telecommunication sector and a growing
(albeit underserved) information technology sector– reports often citing Nigeria’s telecommunication market as
one of the fastest growing globally (Internet World Statistics, 2005 cited in ICTs in Nigeria report, 2007). The
Nigerian telecommunications industry is now over 100 years old, but it was only in 1999 that the National Policy
on Telecommunications was launched almost or century later. A National Policy on Information Technology
followed in 2001, along with the establishment of the National Information Technology Development Agency
under the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology (Dada and Sesan, 2003). Nigeria is also one of the
countries in Africa that has benefited from support from the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa in
the area of National Information and Communication Infrastructure (NICI) policy, even though the discussion on
the need to harmonize the various aspects of the nation’s ICT space met with initial skepticism and is only now
being discussed at the level of a national consultative group that is set to deliver an ICT for Development
(ICT4D) Strategic Document – spurred on by Nigeria’s participation in the World Summit on the Information
Society process, which helped shed more light on the need for Nigeria to benefit from the undeniable
convergence that has brought information technology, telecommunications and content together for good.
In August, 2006 the Federal Government of Nigeria set up a 26-man Task Force in a bid to establish and
harmonize the ICT sector in Nigeria (Sesan, 2007) reported. The Task Force was saddled with the responsibility
of restructuring government institutions and organizations in the telecommunication and information technology
sector in Nigeria. It is worthy of note that to date, the nation’s telecommunication sector has shown leadership in
the nation’s ICT growth. In December 2000, Nigeria had 450,000 connected fixed lines, no connected digital
mobile line, 1 national career, 18 operating Internet Service Providers, 9 active licensed fixed-line operators, and
1 licensed mobile line operator (Ndukwe, 2005). In the same period, Nigeria had 200,000 internet users (Internet
World Statistics, 2005), even though many experts disagree with the figures. The reason for the disagreement is
not far from the fact that there are always multiple users for public terminals in the popular cybercafés that dot the
entire internet landscape of Nigeria, especially in the major cities across the various regions of the country. For
example, a computer system in an average cyber-café in cities and urban areas is known to be used by as many as
15 people daily.
In March 2004, the figures grew to become 888,854 connected fixed lines, 3.8 million connected digital mobile
lines, 2 national careers, 35 operating Internet Service Providers, 30 active licensed fixed-line operators, and 4
licensed mobile line operators. In December 2004, Nigeria had 1.5 million internet users, a penetration rate of
1.3% and constituted about 5.6% of the total number of African internet users. Africa itself only boasts of 1.5%
of global internet users even though it has 14% of the world’s inhabitants. Private investment in ICTs also rose
from an almost zero value to about $4 billion between 1999 and 2003 (Ndukwe, 2005; Internet World Statistics,
2005).
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Summarily, Nigeria’s ICT space has improved significantly from 400,000 lines in 1996 to over 14 million lines
in 2005 owing to independent regulation through the Nigerian Communications Commission (N.C.C.), private
sector participation, and broadened competition. Tele-density improved from 0.4% in 1996 to 3.92% in March
2004, several towns and cities estimated at 48% of the population and 18% of the land mass have potential
access, grown from one player (monopoly) to hundreds of active players, and exceeded minimum ITU
recommended tele-density of 1%. However, the most recent figures published collaborative survey conducted by
the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau
of Statistics (NBS) reveal that even with the evident growth in ownership of radio, television, mobile phones,
fixed phones, computers and Internet access, a lot more Nigerians have access to these ICT facilities.
4. Development of ICT in Nigeria
In Nigeria, information and communications technologies (ICTs), including the Internet, are generating changes
in markets, private and public sectors and economies in the more and less developed world. There has been a
large wave of investment over the past decade in ICT for development and some significant part of this has been
aimed at poor people both in terms of bringing ICT access poor communities, and in using ICTs in many other
ways which support poverty reduction (Ndukwe, 2005).
The most effective route to achieving substantial benefit with ICTs in development programs is to concentrate on
re-thinking development activities by analyzing current problems and associated contextual conditions, and
considering ICT as just one ingredient of the solution. This implies an approach to developing strategies for
information systems and technology that are derived from and integrated with other components of the overall
development strategy.
5. Methodology
The research was conducted among 386 employed and unemployed youth’s between 18-35 years old in Bauchi
State, Nigeria from the three geo-political zones present in the location of the study areas of the state (South-
Bauchi with population estimated as 493,810 and total land mass of 3,687 km sq. North-Katagum whose
population estimate was 375,970 and total landmass of 4,625 km sq. and Central-Ningi population estimated was
295,970 with total landmass of 1,436 local government (NPC, 2006 & FOS, 1987).
The questionnaire items have 65 indicators / constructs with the exception of demographic questions reflecting
the relevant variables adapted from previous studies. The variables are divided into 9 broad categories related to
ICTs, ICT training, Gain skill and knowledge, material cognitive, perceptual, relational, technological and status
changes. The questionnaire was developed using 5-point Likert Scale, ranging from (1= strongly disagree) to
(5=strongly agree).
After data had been collected from the respondents, editing of the data was undertaken in order to ensure the
omission, completeness and consistency of the data (Zikmund, 2003 and Sekaran, 2000). Out of 500
questionnaires distributed during the survey and 420 were returned, 84% of response rate. 389 respondents were
identified and selected as representative sample size after series of screening.
6. Analysis and Discussion
A number of descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to assess normality of distribution and identify
outliers (Hair et al., 1995; Tabachnick and Fidell 2001). There were no case of missing data therefore; the scale
data was accessed to determine normality of distribution. This is based on the assumption that factor analysis
requires variables to be normality distributed. It was necessary to check the distribution of variables to run this
analysis (Hair et al., 1995; Tabachnick and Fidell 2001; Kline, 2005). Using SPSS version 16 to check skewness
and kurtosis, it was indicated that the absolute values were within recommended levels. All the 65 items /
indicators of the questionnaires were subjected to factor analysis based on 389 respondents, utilizing the
maximum likelihood procedure which was followed by a Varimax rotation. This is important in order to get a
better understanding of the factor structure. The decision is to include a variable in a factor was based on factor
loading greater than 0.30 (Hair et al., 1998). From the EFA ran for ICTs indicators it revealed that, the KMO was
.919, Barllett’s Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-square was 2.016E3. All elements in the diagonal matrix are
greater than 0.5 meaning that the sample is adequate with Total Variance Explained of 57.360% at 9 components
or factors. The significance level was significant at P< .000. On EFA ran on ICTTR indicators shown KMO
values of .862, Barlett’s Test of Sphericity Approx Chi-square of 2.969E. All elements in the diagonal matrix are
greater than 0.5 indicated that the sample is adequate with Total Variance explained of 68.153% at 7 components
or factors. The significance level showed significant at P< .000. An outlier was shown i.e. ICTTR7 which was
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deleted in the second EFA. After ICTTR7 was deleted the KMO values .859, Barlett’s Test of Sphericity Approx
Chi-square was 2.941E. All elements in the diagonal matrix are greater than 0.5 indicates sample is adequate.
Total variance explained was increased to 78.218% at 6 components or factors. The significant level indicates
significant at P< .000. From EFA ran on GSK indicators revealed KMO values of .931, Barlett’s Test of
Sphericity Approx Chi-square of 3.670E3. All elements in the diagonal matrix are greater than 0.5 meaning that
sample is adequate. Total variance explained was 77.977% at 7 components or factors. The significant level
showed significant at P< .000 and an outlier was shown i.e. GSK3 which was deleted in the second EFA. After
GSK3 was deleted the KMO was .931, Barlett’s Test of Sphericity Approx Chi-square was 3.622E3 and all
elements in the diagonal matrix are greater than 0.5 meaning sample is adequate. Total variance explained was
increased to 89.319% at 6 components or factors. The significant level indicates significant at P< .000.
However, from the EFA ran on MTC, STC, RLC, CGC, PPC and TCC indicators revealed KMO valued of .930,
Barlett’s Test of Spericity Approx Chi-square of 1.110E4. All elements in the diagonal matrix are greater than 0.5
which indicates the sample is adequate. Total variance explained was 33.914% at 42 components or factors. The
significant level indicates significant at P< .000 was revealed.
The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was computed to quantify the degree of
inter-correlations among the variables. The high value for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure indicates that a factor
analysis of the variables is good. The result indicate .914 a very good sign of adequacy for factor analysis (Kaiser
1970).
7. Conclusion
Factor analysis was conducted directly on the correlation among the variables. The emphasis of factor analysis is
on the identification of underlying factors that might explain the mutual correlative relationship. Factor analysis
was used to assess the dimensionality of ICTs in youth’s empowerment and factor analysis is useful as a
preliminary technique for scale constructions. The appropriateness of factor analysis is to ensure that data matrix
has sufficient correlation to justify its application. The first step is visual examination of the correlation to
identify statistical significant. The correlations are above 0.50 which is considered adequate for factor analysis
(Hair et al., 1998). The next step is assessing the overall significance of the correlation matrix with Barlett test of
Sphericity, which provides the statistical probability that the correlation matrix has significant correlation among
the variables. Finally, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures of sampling adequacy and the degree of inter-correlation
amongst the variables. Larger values for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure indicate that a factor analysis of the
variable is good (Kaiser, 1970). Based on the above EFA analysis result test, all 63 items in the 9 factors were
then subjected to further to Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) statistical test.
The research therefore, provides a presence for youths ICT empowerment. Findings of the research have
important practical implication to troubling social and economic phenomenon in Nigeria and Bauchi State in
particular. The use of ICTs has offer unprecedented opportunities for decentralizing information access,
development and distribution through functional infrastructure facilities.
This research has a no of limitations that future research should redress; the sample is biased towards youths
within the ages of 18-35 years at three geo-political zones in Bauchi state, Nigeria. The sample size ought to have
been larger and the criteria used in selecting study location area. Finally, scales were largely only subjected to
EFA.
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Figure 1.1 Bauchi State map indicating three zones study areas i.e. North (Katagum) Central (Ningi) and South
(Bauchi).
Source: http//www.speakersoffice.gov.ng/constituencies_bauchi.htm 2013
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Table 1.1 Shows factors and number of indicators, eigenvalue, % of variance, cumulative % of variance and after
EFA.
No Factors / Components Number of indicators
1. ICTs
Eigen value 5.162
% of variance 57.360
Cumulative % of variance 57.360
Reliability 0.895
9
2. ICTTR
Eigen value 4.693
% of variance 78.218
Cumulative % of variance 78.218
Reliability 0.944
6
3. GSK
Eigen value 5.359
% of variance 77.977
Cumulative % of variance 77.977
Reliability 0.976
6
4. MTC
Eigen value 5.208
% of variance 74.402
Cumulative % of variance 74.402
Reliability 0.941
7
5. CGC
Eigen value 3.568
% of variance 50.973
Cumulative % of variance 50.973
Reliability 0.839
7
6. PPC
Eigen value 5.029
% of variance 71.836
Cumulative % of variance 71.836
Reliability 0.931
7
7. RLC
Eigen value 3.782
% of variance 54.034
Cumulative % of variance 54.034
Reliability 0.854
7
8. STC 7
9. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.10, 2013
25
Eigen value 3.600
% of variance 51.422
Cumulative % of variance 51.422
Reliability 0.840
9 TCC
Eigen value 4.452
% of variance 63.599
Cumulative % of variance 63.599
Reliability 0.900
7
Source: Developed from quantitative field study, 2013.
*Baba, HAFIZ is currently a PhD research student at Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Universiti of
Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) interesting in Management Technology, Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship
Development. From Bauchi State, Federal Republic of Nigeria. Email: babahafiz@yahoo.com Mobile:
+601114004063, +2347034876640.
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