This document provides an evaluative study of tourism in Bangladesh. It analyzes secondary data from sources like the Bangladesh Economic Review 2010 and World Travel & Tourism Council to assess different aspects of tourism and its contribution to Bangladesh's GDP. Some key findings are:
- Tourism contributes around 9.44% to Bangladesh's GDP and has been one of the fastest growing sectors.
- Major forms of tourism include natural site seeing (46% of tourists), religious tourism (41%), and business tourism (3.36%). Popular tourist destinations in Bangladesh's divisions are described.
- Recommendations are made to further develop tourism infrastructure and diversify tourism offerings through public-private partnerships to maximize tourism's economic benefits for Bangladesh.
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND IMPACT IN INCLUSIVE GROWTH OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN IN...DrVinayJoshi
The travel and tourism industry has emerges as one of the rapidly growing service sectors contributing significantly to global economic growth and development. In developing countries like Indian tourism has become one of the important sectors of the economy, contributing to a large proportion of the national income and generating huge employment opportunities. Tourism is one of the largest service industries in terms of gross revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Tourism growth has implications for employment, as tourism generates employment at all skill levels. This paper attempts to estimate total direct employment generated in India by foreign tourism. This paper discusses how India is emerging as popular tourist destination in the world, driven by the focus on innovation and creating value for tourist. It also examines the impact of India’s economic growth on tourism, Contributors to economic growth, Role of Tourism industry in India’s GDP. The paper also explores that there has been a tremendous growth in tourism in India because of the policies of the government and support from all levels.
Hospitality and Tourism is one of the world’s largest growing industries and it is a source
of income for many nations. Being people oriented business, Hospitality industry also gives several jobs that has helped rejuvenate local economies. Though, like other kinds of development, hospitality and tourism can also cause difficulties such as loss of cultural heritage, social dislocation, ecological degradation and economic dependence. In Nepal, the industry of hospitality and tourism is growing at a skyrocket pace as well as it also has tremendous probable development of tourism because of its unique cultural and natural heritage. Concerning this, the tourism policy has been created with a framework of: increasing foreign currency, augmenting national income and productivity, improving regional imbalances, creating employment opportunities and projecting the image of Nepal more aggressively in the international arena with the diversification and development of tourism and travel industries.
Growth and performance of tourism industry in IndiasouptikHazra
This document provides an overview of the growth and performance of India's tourism industry from 1997-2013. Some key points:
- Foreign tourist arrivals and foreign exchange earnings from tourism have grown steadily over this period, with India's share of international tourism receipts increasing from 0.65% to 1.31%.
- The top states for foreign tourist visits are Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh, which together accounted for over 60% of visits in 2013.
- National policies since the 1980s have aimed to increase employment, preserve heritage, and boost foreign exchange earnings from tourism.
- Challenges remain around developing infrastructure, addressing issues like staff shortages, and realizing tourism
This study evaluates tourism in Bangladesh and its contribution to GDP. It analyzes secondary data from 2010-2011 on tourism revenues, growth rates, and contributions to GDP. The study finds that while tourism growth fluctuated year to year, its overall contribution to GDP increased from 7% to 9.44% during the period examined. The top reasons for tourists visiting Bangladesh are to enjoy natural scenery (46%) and for religious purposes (41%), with smaller percentages visiting for business, study, or other reasons. The study concludes that tourism has significant untapped potential to contribute to Bangladesh's economy and recommends developing infrastructure and diversifying tourism offerings to realize this potential.
Impact of political instability on tourism industry of bangladeshTanjina Pebi
This document is a letter of submission for an industrial term paper on the impact of political instability on Bangladesh's tourism industry. The letter introduces the topic of the term paper and acknowledges those who provided guidance and instruction during the research and writing process, including the lecturer to whom the paper is being submitted. It provides context for the research and objectives of analyzing how political problems in Bangladesh have affected its tourism sector. The letter concludes by thanking the lecturer for their support and direction in making the program a success.
This document contains the draft National Tourism Policy 2015 of India. Some key points:
1. The vision is to develop India as a "Must Experience" and "Must Revisit" destination for global travelers while also encouraging domestic tourism.
2. Objectives include increasing India's share of international tourist arrivals to 1% by 2020 and 2% by 2025, positioning tourism as a priority on the national agenda, and focusing on benefits for local communities and environments.
3. The policy outlines strategies for improving governance, developing tourism products, investing in infrastructure, enhancing skills, promoting certification, leveraging IT, undertaking promotion and marketing activities, and fostering international cooperation to achieve the goals.
problem and prospect in tourism with special reference to pauri garhwalsaurav rawat
This document discusses tourism in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand, India. It provides background on tourism in India and Uttarakhand generally. It then focuses on Pauri, describing the local economy, climate, and key tourist attractions in the area like temples and viewpoints. Some of the main challenges discussed are the lack of adequate tourism infrastructure and over-reliance on religious tourism to the Char Dham circuit, which does not benefit all parts of the state equally. Environmental issues related to tourism are also mentioned, such as forest fires. The document analyzes opportunities and challenges for sustainable tourism development in Pauri.
Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry at Sylhet Region in Bangladeshiosrjce
Tourism is not only a concept of enjoyment or travelling or passing the holidays, but also a
development concept and it has now been placed a wider significance among the mass people, government and
development planner in Bangladesh. Sylhet has a bright prospect to develop its tourism sectors as its treasures
weather it is going to miserable situation in the absence of proper plan and realistic steps. The aim of the
research is to investigate the problems and prospects to flourish the tourism sector in this region. Quantitative
method has been used in this study to investigate the research problems based on survey method. The tourists
are found very enthusiastic to get test of visiting different places and this study results some good indications for
improving tourism sectors. However, in order to make Bangladesh a tourism friendly nation, a renovation of
tourism policy, which should be in tune with the new national economic, social, environmental policies and
trends and the government should monitor all actors and factors related to tourism sector in Bangladesh.
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND IMPACT IN INCLUSIVE GROWTH OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN IN...DrVinayJoshi
The travel and tourism industry has emerges as one of the rapidly growing service sectors contributing significantly to global economic growth and development. In developing countries like Indian tourism has become one of the important sectors of the economy, contributing to a large proportion of the national income and generating huge employment opportunities. Tourism is one of the largest service industries in terms of gross revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Tourism growth has implications for employment, as tourism generates employment at all skill levels. This paper attempts to estimate total direct employment generated in India by foreign tourism. This paper discusses how India is emerging as popular tourist destination in the world, driven by the focus on innovation and creating value for tourist. It also examines the impact of India’s economic growth on tourism, Contributors to economic growth, Role of Tourism industry in India’s GDP. The paper also explores that there has been a tremendous growth in tourism in India because of the policies of the government and support from all levels.
Hospitality and Tourism is one of the world’s largest growing industries and it is a source
of income for many nations. Being people oriented business, Hospitality industry also gives several jobs that has helped rejuvenate local economies. Though, like other kinds of development, hospitality and tourism can also cause difficulties such as loss of cultural heritage, social dislocation, ecological degradation and economic dependence. In Nepal, the industry of hospitality and tourism is growing at a skyrocket pace as well as it also has tremendous probable development of tourism because of its unique cultural and natural heritage. Concerning this, the tourism policy has been created with a framework of: increasing foreign currency, augmenting national income and productivity, improving regional imbalances, creating employment opportunities and projecting the image of Nepal more aggressively in the international arena with the diversification and development of tourism and travel industries.
Growth and performance of tourism industry in IndiasouptikHazra
This document provides an overview of the growth and performance of India's tourism industry from 1997-2013. Some key points:
- Foreign tourist arrivals and foreign exchange earnings from tourism have grown steadily over this period, with India's share of international tourism receipts increasing from 0.65% to 1.31%.
- The top states for foreign tourist visits are Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh, which together accounted for over 60% of visits in 2013.
- National policies since the 1980s have aimed to increase employment, preserve heritage, and boost foreign exchange earnings from tourism.
- Challenges remain around developing infrastructure, addressing issues like staff shortages, and realizing tourism
This study evaluates tourism in Bangladesh and its contribution to GDP. It analyzes secondary data from 2010-2011 on tourism revenues, growth rates, and contributions to GDP. The study finds that while tourism growth fluctuated year to year, its overall contribution to GDP increased from 7% to 9.44% during the period examined. The top reasons for tourists visiting Bangladesh are to enjoy natural scenery (46%) and for religious purposes (41%), with smaller percentages visiting for business, study, or other reasons. The study concludes that tourism has significant untapped potential to contribute to Bangladesh's economy and recommends developing infrastructure and diversifying tourism offerings to realize this potential.
Impact of political instability on tourism industry of bangladeshTanjina Pebi
This document is a letter of submission for an industrial term paper on the impact of political instability on Bangladesh's tourism industry. The letter introduces the topic of the term paper and acknowledges those who provided guidance and instruction during the research and writing process, including the lecturer to whom the paper is being submitted. It provides context for the research and objectives of analyzing how political problems in Bangladesh have affected its tourism sector. The letter concludes by thanking the lecturer for their support and direction in making the program a success.
This document contains the draft National Tourism Policy 2015 of India. Some key points:
1. The vision is to develop India as a "Must Experience" and "Must Revisit" destination for global travelers while also encouraging domestic tourism.
2. Objectives include increasing India's share of international tourist arrivals to 1% by 2020 and 2% by 2025, positioning tourism as a priority on the national agenda, and focusing on benefits for local communities and environments.
3. The policy outlines strategies for improving governance, developing tourism products, investing in infrastructure, enhancing skills, promoting certification, leveraging IT, undertaking promotion and marketing activities, and fostering international cooperation to achieve the goals.
problem and prospect in tourism with special reference to pauri garhwalsaurav rawat
This document discusses tourism in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand, India. It provides background on tourism in India and Uttarakhand generally. It then focuses on Pauri, describing the local economy, climate, and key tourist attractions in the area like temples and viewpoints. Some of the main challenges discussed are the lack of adequate tourism infrastructure and over-reliance on religious tourism to the Char Dham circuit, which does not benefit all parts of the state equally. Environmental issues related to tourism are also mentioned, such as forest fires. The document analyzes opportunities and challenges for sustainable tourism development in Pauri.
Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry at Sylhet Region in Bangladeshiosrjce
Tourism is not only a concept of enjoyment or travelling or passing the holidays, but also a
development concept and it has now been placed a wider significance among the mass people, government and
development planner in Bangladesh. Sylhet has a bright prospect to develop its tourism sectors as its treasures
weather it is going to miserable situation in the absence of proper plan and realistic steps. The aim of the
research is to investigate the problems and prospects to flourish the tourism sector in this region. Quantitative
method has been used in this study to investigate the research problems based on survey method. The tourists
are found very enthusiastic to get test of visiting different places and this study results some good indications for
improving tourism sectors. However, in order to make Bangladesh a tourism friendly nation, a renovation of
tourism policy, which should be in tune with the new national economic, social, environmental policies and
trends and the government should monitor all actors and factors related to tourism sector in Bangladesh.
1. Tourism plays a significant role in India's economy, contributing 6.3% to GDP and supporting over 37 million jobs. International tourist arrivals have grown from 2.37 million in 1997 to over 8 million in 2015.
2. While tourism benefits the economy through foreign exchange earnings, employment, and income generation, it also poses challenges like environmental degradation and loss of cultural identity if not properly managed.
3. Strategies to maximize tourism's economic impact include improving infrastructure, supporting local businesses and artisans, developing tourism in economically backward regions, and diversifying away from mass beach tourism. Proper planning is needed to ensure tourism brings benefits while minimizing negative consequences.
A Comparative Study of Tourism Industry in North-Eastern States of IndiaIOSR Journals
This document provides a comparative study of the tourism industry in the North-Eastern states of India. It finds that tourist inflows are highest in Assam, while tourism's share of gross state domestic product is also highest in Assam. The growth rate of tourist arrivals in Arunachal Pradesh has been much higher at 55% compared to other states. Sikkim has the highest density of tourist population and per capita tourist arrivals, while Nagaland has the lowest values for these metrics. The major constraints on tourism development in the region include insufficient funds, lack of infrastructure and transportation, marketing issues, and security concerns. Steps should be taken to address these constraints and improve tourism development across North-Eastern India.
Domestic Vs International Remittance flow: Economic Analysis of the Value of ...iosrjce
International migration from Bangladesh has become a defining characteristic of the country and is
considered to be an important livelihood earning strategy for the people. Especially since 1980s, large
scale labour migration has become a common phenomenon of Bangladesh. This paper has examined the
financial benefit receipt between the domestic and the international migration. Financial benefit is measured in
terms of the value of remittance transfer from the migrants. An ordinary least square (OLS) model is used to
estimate the objectives of the study. For this purpose secondary dataset has been used from the Household
Income Expenditure Survey (HIES 2010) from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Two types of migration
have been considered in the paper – domestic and International migration. The affiliated cost of holding a
passport, completion of visa procedure, transportation, and accommodation distinguishes international
migration from domestic migration. There has been significant transfer of domestic remittance from urban to
rural/sub-urban areas of Bangladesh but nevertheless the term remittance popularly known as value (both in
cash and kind) transferred from abroad. The paper suggests households receive significantly high remittance
from international migrants than domestic migrants. Hence the rational instinct of a human being is to migrate
himself internationally. Besides, migrants with higher level of education send more remittance to households
regardless of domestic or international migration.
Contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to theAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to local community development in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. It finds that the municipality received GH¢122,877.90 in tourism revenue in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 162.2%, but revenue fell to GH¢18,122.5 in 2011 due to lack of marketing and institutional issues. The document recommends capacity building for local communities, improved tourism marketing and promotion, greater private sector participation, and diverse tourism products to strengthen the sector's contributions to development.
A STUDY ON CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS TOURISM PRODUCTS IN TUTICORIN DISTRICTJothimani Ukkirapandian
World tourism is considered as a significant factor in the economy of many nations. Today tourism related infrastructure in various parts of the country has improved the quality of life of the local people and helped to promote local arts and crafts. Tourism has contributed to increase awareness about conservation of the environment and the cultural heritage. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern world. People have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see monuments, arts and culture, taste new cuisine etc. The term tourist was firstly used as official term in 1937 by the League of Nations. Tourism was defined as people travelling abroad for period of over 24 hours. The main aim of the study is to know the attitude of the tourists towards tourism products available in Tuticorin. The study intends to find consumer attitude and knowledge about the various tourism products in Tuticorin. This also includes the study about shortcoming in tourism infrastructure development in the study area and tourism support services such as quantity and quality of various tourism products. The opinion and suggestions from the tourism respondents incorporated herein would provide guidelines for future course of action to be followed in Tuticorin.
Keywords: Tourism, Attitude, Quality, Quantity, Knowledge.
7 Use the Johnson transformation method to Estimation the impact FDI on Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The relationship between investment and development of close relations in economic thought, foreign investment have been associated by the development of international trade, and helped to spread and increasing rates emergence transnational corporations National Furthermore mergers and acquisitions across borders, including the purchase of foreign investors Government Organizations that have been privatized, Has used the most of the world foreign capital to modernize and develop its production facilities and other components of the national economy, and foreign investment played an important role in economic development projects for the host countries if they have done these countries to choose their projects and their foreign partners, Investing can close the gap of resources and capabilities that are not available in the receiving countries, The research problem in that Economics sectors be affected by a lot of factors that affect one way or another by and by certain of these factors is not economic, so there are major factors leading to development and growth to the desired goal final namely economic well-being and these important factors is foreign direct investment (FDI) The orientation of the plan drawn about the problems and economic critical points, it leads to the activation of the entire economy, The research aims to targets several of them process the data to make it distributed naturally using functions transfers Johnson three SL, SU, SB, as well as estimate the econometrics models represent the relationship between foreign direct investment as an independent variable economic indicators for Pakistan country
Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Re...ijtsrd
Tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries across the globe as well as in Sri Lanka. Contemporarily, the relationship between sport and tourism is vastly discussed in both the industry and academic paradigms. Sport and tourism are two different industries, but the industries are always inter connected strongly. With the emerging potential for tourism in the world, Sri Lanka is in a need of redefining its strategies to increase sports tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between of active sports tourists’ travel motivation and their revisit intention to Sri Lanka. Survey method is adopted to conduct this empirical study and employed 250 foreign tourists who engage in sporting and event activities such as water rafting, boat riding, surfing, snorkelling and cycling in Sri Lanka using purposive sampling method. The relationship between travel motivation and revisit intention was hypothesised and tested with Spearmen correlation. Results revealed a moderate level of positive relationship between two study variables. Accordingly Sri Lanka can promote its cultural events and festivals which can be means to enhance revisit intention of tourists especially, Sri Lankan food and natural resources based adventure sports have a massive fascination among foreigners. Hence, the visitors’ travel motivation and behavioural patterns can be recommended as a Sri Lankan tourism industry development mechanism. If tourism industry is capable of mounting the dimensions of motivation variable, certainly, Sri Lanka will be able to get higher tourists’ magnetism through local food, cultural events and natural resources. K. R. M. I. L. Rathnayaka | A. L. K. R Fernando "Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Revisit Intention to Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37959.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/37959/relationship-between-foreign-active-sports-tourists’-travel-motivation-and-revisit-intention-to-sri-lanka/k-r-m-i-l-rathnayaka
This document summarizes a study on the effects of investment in the tourism sector of Qhorveh City, Iran. The study found:
1) Investment in tourism was positively correlated with new employment opportunities, supporting the first hypothesis.
2) Investment in tourism was positively correlated with attracting government budgets, supporting the second hypothesis.
3) Investment in tourism was positively correlated with promoting culture, supporting the third hypothesis.
The study used questionnaires with 80 participants and found statistical support for all three hypotheses about relationships between tourism investment and employment, budgets, and culture.
This document provides an overview and key facts about the tourism and hospitality industry in India in 2013. Some of the key points summarized are:
- Foreign tourist arrivals grew 2.8% to 66.95 lacs in 2012-2013, with the US, UK, and Bangladesh being the top source countries. Foreign exchange earnings grew 19.1% to Rs. 99,594 crores.
- Domestic tourist visits grew 19.9% to 1036 million in 2012. Andhra Pradesh had the highest visits with 206.8 million.
- Foreign direct investment in the sector reached an all-time high of Rs. 17,777 crores in 2012-2013, a 274% increase over the
This document provides an overview of tourism development in Malaysia. It discusses how the Malaysian government has played a key role in developing tourism through comprehensive planning, infrastructure development, and international promotion efforts over several decades. Major points made include:
- Tourism is now an important contributor to Malaysia's economy, generating around 10% of GDP.
- Government plans since the 1970s, including seven 5-year Malaysian Plans, have aimed to diversify tourism offerings and boost tourism growth.
- Infrastructure investment and promotion by government agencies like Tourism Malaysia have supported the rapid growth of Malaysia's international tourist arrivals to over 25 million annually.
Tourism plays an important economic role globally and domestically. Internationally, tourism accounted for 6.1% of global GDP and 6.8% of global employment in 1994. Domestically, countries are increasingly promoting domestic tourism to stimulate local economies. Different types of tourism include medical tourism, shopping tourism, business tourism, religious tourism, and entertainment tourism. Each type can provide economic benefits such as increased employment, foreign exchange earnings, and business opportunities. However, rapid tourism growth has also led to some negative social, cultural, and environmental impacts. Overall, tourism is considered an important industry that contributes significantly to economic development through job creation, diversification of economies, and stimulation of other interconnected industries.
This document discusses the impacts of globalization on the leisure and tourism industry. It notes that globalization has led to developments in technology and transport infrastructure that have made tourism more affordable and accessible through means like internet booking sites and improved transportation options. However, it also notes that the pursuit of tourism profits in developing countries has negatively impacted indigenous communities by changing their traditional ways of life. While globalization grows the tourism industry, local populations are increasingly paying the price through loss of culture and local economic protections.
Definition of investment strategy for sustainable development of regional eco...SubmissionResearchpa
This article is discussed that the theoretical foundations of determining the investment strategy for sustainable development of the region’s economy, as well as the current situation, analysis and future plans. by Rakhimberdiev Oybek Alisher ugli 2020. Definition of investment strategy for sustainable development of regional economies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 4 (Mar. 2020), 108-115. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i4.241. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/241/234 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/241
Ravaged lands an investigation of factors affecting pakistan’s tourism industryAlexander Decker
The document discusses factors affecting Pakistan's tourism industry after the US-led war on terror. It examines how cultural factors, societal factors, and security issues have impacted tourist activities in northern Pakistan. A study was conducted using a questionnaire to prove that cultural factors had a more significant negative impact on tourism than other factors. The tourism industry in Pakistan was "completely obliterated" after the war on terror began in 2001 due to security issues from terrorism and religious extremism.
India has 28 world heritage sites and 25 bio-geographic zones. The country’s big coastline provides a number of attractive beaches, diverse offerings such as adventure, rural and wildlife tourism.
India ranked 12th among 184 countries in terms of travel & tourism’s total contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2012. The sector’s direct contribution to GDP totalled US$ 34.7 billion in 2012 and is expected to grow to US$ 40.8 billion in 2013. Over 2013–23, the direct contribution is expected to register a growth of 7.8 per cent per annum.
Over 6.6 million foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) were reported in 2012, expanding at compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8 per cent during 2005-12. The total foreign exchange earnings (FEEs) from tourism grew over US$ 17.7 billion in 2012, registering a CAGR of 13.1 per cent during 2005-12. In February 2013, FEEs increased by 11.4 per cent to reach US$ 3.4 billion from US$ 3.1 billion in the same period in 2012.
Strong growth in per capita income in the country is driving the domestic tourism market. A shift in demographics with rising young population (coupled with changing lifestyles) is leading to greater expenditure on leisure services. The tourism policy of Government of India (GOI) aims at speedy implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits, special capacity building in the hospitality sector and new marketing strategies. In the hotel and tourism sector, the government has also allowed 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) through automatic route.
Effect of Tourism on Economic Wellbeing of Host Communities in Cross River St...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of tourism on economic wellbeing of host communities in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study modelled the effect of service, product, hotels, transportation and infrastructural facilities on economic well being of host communities in Cross River State. It is a descriptive survey on a sample of 400 respondents from the host communities. Data obtained for the study were analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. From the result of the regression model it was observed that product, service and infrastructure have positive impact on the on the economic well being of the host communities. This means that if product, service and infrastructure are developed and improved, it will bring about more increase in the economic well being of the host communities. On the other hand, hotels and transportation have a negative impact on the economic wellbeing of the host communities. Thus, increase in hotels and transportation cost will bring about a decline in the economic wellbeing of the host communities. The overall significance of the model also supports the alternate hypothesis that the model has goodness of fit and is statistically significant. In other words, tourism consumption has significant impact on the economic wellbeing of the host communities. Based on the analysis and findings of the study the following recommendations are made Since tourism consumption has become imperative for economies to thrive successfully, it is imperative that government should develop and as well as regulate operators in the tourism destination to step up the quality of product, service and infrastructure provided in the tourist destination. This is because they have been found to have positive impact on the on the economic well being of the host communities. The government should also come up with policy instruments containing measures that will effectively' monitor and evaluate the operations of tourism destinations. This is necessary as this research manifest the fact that hotels and transportation cost negatively affects the host communities. In other words it will bring about a decline in the economic wellbeing of the host communities if not regulated. Anionwu, Carol "Effect of Tourism on Economic Wellbeing of Host Communities in Cross River State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25295.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/25295/effect-of-tourism-on-economic-wellbeing-of-host-communities-in-cross-river-state-nigeria/anionwu-carol
Tourism and its contribution to the Economy - Article by B.S Rathor - Advisor...Sharath Bhat
Maharashtra Economic Development Council, Monthly Economic Digest February 2017
Tourism is an activity difficult to define and more difficult to comprehend in view of its complexities. It is not a product nor a service but a rare blend of both or neither. In simple terms and as best understood it is travel for an objective - be it leisure, business or other purposes. I call it a unique experience through the combination of multitudes of objects bordering from the mundane to the spectacular under its umbrella. More than its definition it is important to know that this amalgam has the capability to deliver an experience which only can be felt by the traveling mass that are ever ready to savor its glory.
‘Athithi Kab Jaonge...Nahi Nahi Atithi Kab Aaonge...Aate Raho Kyoki Hum Us De...scmsnoida5
One of the oldest civilization of the world, one of
the greatest nation of the world, one of the greatest
democracy and obviously no need to speak about
the population. This great nation INDIA has
everything. We have every possible resource but
the one that we are blessed with is ‘MOTHER
NATURE’. A nation that has mountains and
oceans, deserts and monuments, heritage sites
and culture- All ingredients of a pure recipe that
makes up for a great tourism nation. Tourism
will not only build ‘BRAND INDIA’ but it will
create enormous employment opportunity for the
youth of India.
Dr. Mack Ott is an economist with over 30 years of experience advising governments around the world. He has advised on issues such as monetary policy, public financial management, macroeconomics, and international finance for countries including Ukraine, Vietnam, Nigeria, Rwanda, Palestine, Cambodia, Georgia, Zambia, Macedonia, Moldova, Armenia, Kosovo, Croatia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and more. Currently he is advising the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on debt management and risk optimization. He received his PhD in Economics from UCLA in 1975.
This document discusses opportunities in the hospitality and tourism sector in India. It notes that the Indian government has formulated policies to promote tourism based on the principle of "Guest is God" and aims to ensure visitors are refreshed culturally, mentally, physically and spiritually. The tourism sector encourages other industries and generates employment. The number of foreign tourist arrivals in India grew by 8.9% in 2011. To further increase tourism, the government needs strategies to integrate stakeholders and create an environment where the industry can prosper.
St martin's island basic info statementpeterwmanins
St Martin's Island is a small conservation reserve located in Otago Harbour near Dunedin, New Zealand. The island has been leased by the St Martin's Island Community for over 50 years, who are committed to maintaining the historical, ecological, and human aspects of island life. Facilities on the island are basic, including an old lodge that sleeps 30 people, a kitchen, and outdoor toilets. Visitors are encouraged to enjoy the natural environment and simple lifestyle free from distractions. Values of love, respect and care for both people and the environment are central to the community of St Martin's Island.
This document provides an overview of tourism in Bangladesh. It discusses international tourist arrivals and receipts, the economic impacts of tourism including on GDP and employment, and environmental and social impacts. It outlines key tourist attractions and destinations in Bangladesh on a map. Some trends that may affect future tourism development are mentioned, such as interest in natural environments and cultural experiences. Statistics on tourism demand in 2014 are presented. The document concludes with recommendations to further develop the tourism industry in Bangladesh.
1. Tourism plays a significant role in India's economy, contributing 6.3% to GDP and supporting over 37 million jobs. International tourist arrivals have grown from 2.37 million in 1997 to over 8 million in 2015.
2. While tourism benefits the economy through foreign exchange earnings, employment, and income generation, it also poses challenges like environmental degradation and loss of cultural identity if not properly managed.
3. Strategies to maximize tourism's economic impact include improving infrastructure, supporting local businesses and artisans, developing tourism in economically backward regions, and diversifying away from mass beach tourism. Proper planning is needed to ensure tourism brings benefits while minimizing negative consequences.
A Comparative Study of Tourism Industry in North-Eastern States of IndiaIOSR Journals
This document provides a comparative study of the tourism industry in the North-Eastern states of India. It finds that tourist inflows are highest in Assam, while tourism's share of gross state domestic product is also highest in Assam. The growth rate of tourist arrivals in Arunachal Pradesh has been much higher at 55% compared to other states. Sikkim has the highest density of tourist population and per capita tourist arrivals, while Nagaland has the lowest values for these metrics. The major constraints on tourism development in the region include insufficient funds, lack of infrastructure and transportation, marketing issues, and security concerns. Steps should be taken to address these constraints and improve tourism development across North-Eastern India.
Domestic Vs International Remittance flow: Economic Analysis of the Value of ...iosrjce
International migration from Bangladesh has become a defining characteristic of the country and is
considered to be an important livelihood earning strategy for the people. Especially since 1980s, large
scale labour migration has become a common phenomenon of Bangladesh. This paper has examined the
financial benefit receipt between the domestic and the international migration. Financial benefit is measured in
terms of the value of remittance transfer from the migrants. An ordinary least square (OLS) model is used to
estimate the objectives of the study. For this purpose secondary dataset has been used from the Household
Income Expenditure Survey (HIES 2010) from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Two types of migration
have been considered in the paper – domestic and International migration. The affiliated cost of holding a
passport, completion of visa procedure, transportation, and accommodation distinguishes international
migration from domestic migration. There has been significant transfer of domestic remittance from urban to
rural/sub-urban areas of Bangladesh but nevertheless the term remittance popularly known as value (both in
cash and kind) transferred from abroad. The paper suggests households receive significantly high remittance
from international migrants than domestic migrants. Hence the rational instinct of a human being is to migrate
himself internationally. Besides, migrants with higher level of education send more remittance to households
regardless of domestic or international migration.
Contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to theAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to local community development in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. It finds that the municipality received GH¢122,877.90 in tourism revenue in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 162.2%, but revenue fell to GH¢18,122.5 in 2011 due to lack of marketing and institutional issues. The document recommends capacity building for local communities, improved tourism marketing and promotion, greater private sector participation, and diverse tourism products to strengthen the sector's contributions to development.
A STUDY ON CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS TOURISM PRODUCTS IN TUTICORIN DISTRICTJothimani Ukkirapandian
World tourism is considered as a significant factor in the economy of many nations. Today tourism related infrastructure in various parts of the country has improved the quality of life of the local people and helped to promote local arts and crafts. Tourism has contributed to increase awareness about conservation of the environment and the cultural heritage. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern world. People have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see monuments, arts and culture, taste new cuisine etc. The term tourist was firstly used as official term in 1937 by the League of Nations. Tourism was defined as people travelling abroad for period of over 24 hours. The main aim of the study is to know the attitude of the tourists towards tourism products available in Tuticorin. The study intends to find consumer attitude and knowledge about the various tourism products in Tuticorin. This also includes the study about shortcoming in tourism infrastructure development in the study area and tourism support services such as quantity and quality of various tourism products. The opinion and suggestions from the tourism respondents incorporated herein would provide guidelines for future course of action to be followed in Tuticorin.
Keywords: Tourism, Attitude, Quality, Quantity, Knowledge.
7 Use the Johnson transformation method to Estimation the impact FDI on Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The relationship between investment and development of close relations in economic thought, foreign investment have been associated by the development of international trade, and helped to spread and increasing rates emergence transnational corporations National Furthermore mergers and acquisitions across borders, including the purchase of foreign investors Government Organizations that have been privatized, Has used the most of the world foreign capital to modernize and develop its production facilities and other components of the national economy, and foreign investment played an important role in economic development projects for the host countries if they have done these countries to choose their projects and their foreign partners, Investing can close the gap of resources and capabilities that are not available in the receiving countries, The research problem in that Economics sectors be affected by a lot of factors that affect one way or another by and by certain of these factors is not economic, so there are major factors leading to development and growth to the desired goal final namely economic well-being and these important factors is foreign direct investment (FDI) The orientation of the plan drawn about the problems and economic critical points, it leads to the activation of the entire economy, The research aims to targets several of them process the data to make it distributed naturally using functions transfers Johnson three SL, SU, SB, as well as estimate the econometrics models represent the relationship between foreign direct investment as an independent variable economic indicators for Pakistan country
Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Re...ijtsrd
Tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries across the globe as well as in Sri Lanka. Contemporarily, the relationship between sport and tourism is vastly discussed in both the industry and academic paradigms. Sport and tourism are two different industries, but the industries are always inter connected strongly. With the emerging potential for tourism in the world, Sri Lanka is in a need of redefining its strategies to increase sports tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between of active sports tourists’ travel motivation and their revisit intention to Sri Lanka. Survey method is adopted to conduct this empirical study and employed 250 foreign tourists who engage in sporting and event activities such as water rafting, boat riding, surfing, snorkelling and cycling in Sri Lanka using purposive sampling method. The relationship between travel motivation and revisit intention was hypothesised and tested with Spearmen correlation. Results revealed a moderate level of positive relationship between two study variables. Accordingly Sri Lanka can promote its cultural events and festivals which can be means to enhance revisit intention of tourists especially, Sri Lankan food and natural resources based adventure sports have a massive fascination among foreigners. Hence, the visitors’ travel motivation and behavioural patterns can be recommended as a Sri Lankan tourism industry development mechanism. If tourism industry is capable of mounting the dimensions of motivation variable, certainly, Sri Lanka will be able to get higher tourists’ magnetism through local food, cultural events and natural resources. K. R. M. I. L. Rathnayaka | A. L. K. R Fernando "Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Revisit Intention to Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37959.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/37959/relationship-between-foreign-active-sports-tourists’-travel-motivation-and-revisit-intention-to-sri-lanka/k-r-m-i-l-rathnayaka
This document summarizes a study on the effects of investment in the tourism sector of Qhorveh City, Iran. The study found:
1) Investment in tourism was positively correlated with new employment opportunities, supporting the first hypothesis.
2) Investment in tourism was positively correlated with attracting government budgets, supporting the second hypothesis.
3) Investment in tourism was positively correlated with promoting culture, supporting the third hypothesis.
The study used questionnaires with 80 participants and found statistical support for all three hypotheses about relationships between tourism investment and employment, budgets, and culture.
This document provides an overview and key facts about the tourism and hospitality industry in India in 2013. Some of the key points summarized are:
- Foreign tourist arrivals grew 2.8% to 66.95 lacs in 2012-2013, with the US, UK, and Bangladesh being the top source countries. Foreign exchange earnings grew 19.1% to Rs. 99,594 crores.
- Domestic tourist visits grew 19.9% to 1036 million in 2012. Andhra Pradesh had the highest visits with 206.8 million.
- Foreign direct investment in the sector reached an all-time high of Rs. 17,777 crores in 2012-2013, a 274% increase over the
This document provides an overview of tourism development in Malaysia. It discusses how the Malaysian government has played a key role in developing tourism through comprehensive planning, infrastructure development, and international promotion efforts over several decades. Major points made include:
- Tourism is now an important contributor to Malaysia's economy, generating around 10% of GDP.
- Government plans since the 1970s, including seven 5-year Malaysian Plans, have aimed to diversify tourism offerings and boost tourism growth.
- Infrastructure investment and promotion by government agencies like Tourism Malaysia have supported the rapid growth of Malaysia's international tourist arrivals to over 25 million annually.
Tourism plays an important economic role globally and domestically. Internationally, tourism accounted for 6.1% of global GDP and 6.8% of global employment in 1994. Domestically, countries are increasingly promoting domestic tourism to stimulate local economies. Different types of tourism include medical tourism, shopping tourism, business tourism, religious tourism, and entertainment tourism. Each type can provide economic benefits such as increased employment, foreign exchange earnings, and business opportunities. However, rapid tourism growth has also led to some negative social, cultural, and environmental impacts. Overall, tourism is considered an important industry that contributes significantly to economic development through job creation, diversification of economies, and stimulation of other interconnected industries.
This document discusses the impacts of globalization on the leisure and tourism industry. It notes that globalization has led to developments in technology and transport infrastructure that have made tourism more affordable and accessible through means like internet booking sites and improved transportation options. However, it also notes that the pursuit of tourism profits in developing countries has negatively impacted indigenous communities by changing their traditional ways of life. While globalization grows the tourism industry, local populations are increasingly paying the price through loss of culture and local economic protections.
Definition of investment strategy for sustainable development of regional eco...SubmissionResearchpa
This article is discussed that the theoretical foundations of determining the investment strategy for sustainable development of the region’s economy, as well as the current situation, analysis and future plans. by Rakhimberdiev Oybek Alisher ugli 2020. Definition of investment strategy for sustainable development of regional economies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 4 (Mar. 2020), 108-115. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i4.241. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/241/234 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/241
Ravaged lands an investigation of factors affecting pakistan’s tourism industryAlexander Decker
The document discusses factors affecting Pakistan's tourism industry after the US-led war on terror. It examines how cultural factors, societal factors, and security issues have impacted tourist activities in northern Pakistan. A study was conducted using a questionnaire to prove that cultural factors had a more significant negative impact on tourism than other factors. The tourism industry in Pakistan was "completely obliterated" after the war on terror began in 2001 due to security issues from terrorism and religious extremism.
India has 28 world heritage sites and 25 bio-geographic zones. The country’s big coastline provides a number of attractive beaches, diverse offerings such as adventure, rural and wildlife tourism.
India ranked 12th among 184 countries in terms of travel & tourism’s total contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2012. The sector’s direct contribution to GDP totalled US$ 34.7 billion in 2012 and is expected to grow to US$ 40.8 billion in 2013. Over 2013–23, the direct contribution is expected to register a growth of 7.8 per cent per annum.
Over 6.6 million foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) were reported in 2012, expanding at compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8 per cent during 2005-12. The total foreign exchange earnings (FEEs) from tourism grew over US$ 17.7 billion in 2012, registering a CAGR of 13.1 per cent during 2005-12. In February 2013, FEEs increased by 11.4 per cent to reach US$ 3.4 billion from US$ 3.1 billion in the same period in 2012.
Strong growth in per capita income in the country is driving the domestic tourism market. A shift in demographics with rising young population (coupled with changing lifestyles) is leading to greater expenditure on leisure services. The tourism policy of Government of India (GOI) aims at speedy implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits, special capacity building in the hospitality sector and new marketing strategies. In the hotel and tourism sector, the government has also allowed 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) through automatic route.
Effect of Tourism on Economic Wellbeing of Host Communities in Cross River St...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of tourism on economic wellbeing of host communities in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study modelled the effect of service, product, hotels, transportation and infrastructural facilities on economic well being of host communities in Cross River State. It is a descriptive survey on a sample of 400 respondents from the host communities. Data obtained for the study were analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. From the result of the regression model it was observed that product, service and infrastructure have positive impact on the on the economic well being of the host communities. This means that if product, service and infrastructure are developed and improved, it will bring about more increase in the economic well being of the host communities. On the other hand, hotels and transportation have a negative impact on the economic wellbeing of the host communities. Thus, increase in hotels and transportation cost will bring about a decline in the economic wellbeing of the host communities. The overall significance of the model also supports the alternate hypothesis that the model has goodness of fit and is statistically significant. In other words, tourism consumption has significant impact on the economic wellbeing of the host communities. Based on the analysis and findings of the study the following recommendations are made Since tourism consumption has become imperative for economies to thrive successfully, it is imperative that government should develop and as well as regulate operators in the tourism destination to step up the quality of product, service and infrastructure provided in the tourist destination. This is because they have been found to have positive impact on the on the economic well being of the host communities. The government should also come up with policy instruments containing measures that will effectively' monitor and evaluate the operations of tourism destinations. This is necessary as this research manifest the fact that hotels and transportation cost negatively affects the host communities. In other words it will bring about a decline in the economic wellbeing of the host communities if not regulated. Anionwu, Carol "Effect of Tourism on Economic Wellbeing of Host Communities in Cross River State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25295.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/25295/effect-of-tourism-on-economic-wellbeing-of-host-communities-in-cross-river-state-nigeria/anionwu-carol
Tourism and its contribution to the Economy - Article by B.S Rathor - Advisor...Sharath Bhat
Maharashtra Economic Development Council, Monthly Economic Digest February 2017
Tourism is an activity difficult to define and more difficult to comprehend in view of its complexities. It is not a product nor a service but a rare blend of both or neither. In simple terms and as best understood it is travel for an objective - be it leisure, business or other purposes. I call it a unique experience through the combination of multitudes of objects bordering from the mundane to the spectacular under its umbrella. More than its definition it is important to know that this amalgam has the capability to deliver an experience which only can be felt by the traveling mass that are ever ready to savor its glory.
‘Athithi Kab Jaonge...Nahi Nahi Atithi Kab Aaonge...Aate Raho Kyoki Hum Us De...scmsnoida5
One of the oldest civilization of the world, one of
the greatest nation of the world, one of the greatest
democracy and obviously no need to speak about
the population. This great nation INDIA has
everything. We have every possible resource but
the one that we are blessed with is ‘MOTHER
NATURE’. A nation that has mountains and
oceans, deserts and monuments, heritage sites
and culture- All ingredients of a pure recipe that
makes up for a great tourism nation. Tourism
will not only build ‘BRAND INDIA’ but it will
create enormous employment opportunity for the
youth of India.
Dr. Mack Ott is an economist with over 30 years of experience advising governments around the world. He has advised on issues such as monetary policy, public financial management, macroeconomics, and international finance for countries including Ukraine, Vietnam, Nigeria, Rwanda, Palestine, Cambodia, Georgia, Zambia, Macedonia, Moldova, Armenia, Kosovo, Croatia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and more. Currently he is advising the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on debt management and risk optimization. He received his PhD in Economics from UCLA in 1975.
This document discusses opportunities in the hospitality and tourism sector in India. It notes that the Indian government has formulated policies to promote tourism based on the principle of "Guest is God" and aims to ensure visitors are refreshed culturally, mentally, physically and spiritually. The tourism sector encourages other industries and generates employment. The number of foreign tourist arrivals in India grew by 8.9% in 2011. To further increase tourism, the government needs strategies to integrate stakeholders and create an environment where the industry can prosper.
St martin's island basic info statementpeterwmanins
St Martin's Island is a small conservation reserve located in Otago Harbour near Dunedin, New Zealand. The island has been leased by the St Martin's Island Community for over 50 years, who are committed to maintaining the historical, ecological, and human aspects of island life. Facilities on the island are basic, including an old lodge that sleeps 30 people, a kitchen, and outdoor toilets. Visitors are encouraged to enjoy the natural environment and simple lifestyle free from distractions. Values of love, respect and care for both people and the environment are central to the community of St Martin's Island.
This document provides an overview of tourism in Bangladesh. It discusses international tourist arrivals and receipts, the economic impacts of tourism including on GDP and employment, and environmental and social impacts. It outlines key tourist attractions and destinations in Bangladesh on a map. Some trends that may affect future tourism development are mentioned, such as interest in natural environments and cultural experiences. Statistics on tourism demand in 2014 are presented. The document concludes with recommendations to further develop the tourism industry in Bangladesh.
There has been a global increase in tourism over the last 60 years due to factors like increased disposable income, more paid holidays, and cheaper travel. Popular destinations include cities, beaches, and mountain areas for their culture, recreation, and scenery. Tourism is important for many economies, but can negatively impact the environment if not managed properly. Ecotourism is an alternative that involves small-scale tourism to benefit local environments and communities in a sustainable way.
Tourism is a complex multi-sector industry that involves the movement and accommodation of people traveling to destinations outside their home environment. It provides economic benefits through job creation and foreign exchange earnings, but can also impose social and environmental costs on host communities. The tourism industry comprises several operating sectors including transportation, accommodation, food services, attractions, and tour operators that work together to meet the needs of various types of visitors engaging in tourism for purposes like business, pleasure, and visiting friends and relatives.
Tourism in Bangladesh has potential due to its rich cultural heritage sites including mosques, temples, and monuments, as well as natural attractions such as forests, beaches, and wildlife. However, tourism faces challenges to reach its potential. While tourism boosts economies, impacts must also consider sociocultural and environmental effects. Developing tourism requires addressing issues while maximizing benefits.
The document discusses two main categories of tourism: mass tourism and alternative tourism. Mass tourism involves large groups traveling to specialized locations with fixed programs and packages. Alternative tourism is individually planned and focuses on experiencing local cultures first-hand in secluded areas during non-peak times by arranging one's own travel. The document provides examples of different types of tourism like pleasure, business, nature, cultural, social, recreation, active, sports, religious, health, adventure, wilderness, and ecotourism.
Potential unexplored tourism and economic growth of bangladesh[#694179] 982065Basharat Hossain
This paper examines the potential effects of tourism on the economic growth of Bangladesh. It is a review paper of the
literature based on secondary data. This paper discusses various aspects regarding the effects of the tourism industry on
the overall economic progress of the country, including real GDP growth, infrastructural development and employment
generation. Since the tourism industry has a small share of revenue to the GDP of Bangladesh’s economy (at this moment),
its contribution to economic growth is limited till now. This paper finds that the current size of the Bangladesh tourism
economy is BDT 500 million. Besides, Bangladesh earned USD 1157 million from tourism sector during 2009-2018 period.
Each year, 0.55 million tourists (on average) visit Bangladesh in the same period. Moreover, it creates 2.23 million jobs
each year. The travel and tourism sector contributes 4.4% of the GDP in each year. Bangladesh’s government ensures a
lot of facilities for tourists.This article points out a number of issues that need to be considered in the tourism industry
to play a more significant role regarding economic growth, and the overall socio-economic development of Bangladesh.
Keywords
Impact, Tourism, Economic growth, Economic development, Banglades
Bangladesh is currently the 41st of the largest economy of the world and the second
largest economy of South Asia, only next to India. Bangladesh is a south Asian and
lower-middle-income country with around 163.7 million populations. The current
size of Bangladesh’s GDP is USD 286 billion, with 8.13 per cent growth rate in 2018-
19 and it is estimated to be the 24th world largest economy by 2033 (Bangladesh
Economic Review (BER) 2019, Centre for Economics and Business Research
(CEBR), (2018). Apart from the service sector, the industry sector is the highest
contributing sector in this economy (35.14 per cent) followed by agriculture (13.61
per cent), transport and communication sectors (10.98 per cent) respectively
(BER, 2019). The industry sector covers four sub-sectors; these are: “mining and
quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply and construction.”
This document provides an overview of future plans and initiatives to develop tourism in Bangladesh by 2100. It discusses establishing tourism master plans to explore potential tourist spots, the Beza tourism initiative to transform Cox's Bazar into a tourism hub through the development of three tourism parks, and the plans for Naf Tourism Park on Jaliardwip Island off the coast of Teknaf. The initiatives aim to generate billions for the economy and hundreds of thousands of new jobs through tourism development.
The document summarizes the potential of tourism in Bangladesh's economy. It finds that though Bangladesh has natural attractions like beaches and archaeological sites that could attract tourists, its tourism industry has grown slowly. Tourism currently contributes less than 1% to Bangladesh's GDP and the country receives only about 300,000 foreign tourists annually, most for business/official purposes rather than leisure. The study aims to identify challenges facing Bangladesh's tourism sector and recommend strategies to better promote its tourist attractions and leverage tourism for economic growth.
5 prospect and-strategy-for-tourism-developmentNazmul Alam
1. The tourism industry in Bangladesh has grown in recent decades but remains underdeveloped compared to its potential. It accounted for just 2.2% of GDP in 2013.
2. The Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation was formed in 1971 to develop tourism but various plans were not properly implemented. Both public and private sectors have invested in the industry.
3. The main types of tourism in Bangladesh are site tourism (46% of tourists), business tourism (42%), and religious tourism (3.4%). Medical tourism remains untapped due to issues with healthcare infrastructure and legal systems.
Multiattribute attitude measurement of incredible india campaignAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated India's "Incredible India" tourism campaign. It used a questionnaire to measure foreign tourists' attitudes toward various elements of the campaign. The study found the mean overall attitude score was 184.29 out of a possible 300, indicating a generally positive attitude. The campaign was launched in 2002 to boost India's struggling tourism industry after several crises. It has since helped significantly grow tourism in India and increase its share of GDP and employment.
This document provides an overview of tourism in the Indian state of Gujarat. Some key points:
- Gujarat has significant potential for tourism due to its natural beauty, heritage sites, and culture. However, its tourism industry has not been as successful as others like Kerala, Rajasthan, and Goa.
- The document examines reasons for this and explores how destination branding could help Gujarat tourism. Research was conducted comparing Gujarat to three other states.
- The research found that Gujarat could become a top tourist destination by developing a strong, distinct identity and brand through effective marketing strategies.
Different aspects-of-tourism-marketing-strategies-with-special-reference-to-b...Rokibul Rs
This document analyzes tourism marketing strategies in Bangladesh. It discusses how tourism can contribute significantly to the economy if proper marketing plans and strategies are developed and implemented. Tourism demand depends on factors like attractions, costs, security, accommodation, entertainment and political stability. The study uses a questionnaire survey of 115 domestic and foreign tourists and regression analysis to determine how these variables impact tourism in Bangladesh. It finds that attractions and costs have a positive impact, while recommending that integrated marketing be used to develop the tourism sector and realize its potential for economic growth.
This study examines factors that influence tourist satisfaction among domestic tourists in Bangladesh. The researcher conducted surveys of 150 domestic tourists who had taken overnight trips within Bangladesh. Regression analysis found that five factors had significant positive impacts on tourist satisfaction: scenic beauty, hotel services, transportation facilities, price of tourist services, and emotional attachment to destinations. The study aims to help tourism planners develop sustainable products and services to increase domestic tourist satisfaction in Bangladesh.
Social media Impact on Tourism Industry Report by n@s!mNasim Khan
The document summarizes the findings of a 2017 travel survey conducted in Bangladesh that examined the impact of social media on the country's tourism industry. Key findings included that 55% of students and staff live within 10 miles of the surveyed universities and have the greatest potential to adopt more sustainable travel. Financial considerations, convenience and travel duration were found to influence travel choices. Comparisons to previous surveys found small increases in travel frequency and shifts toward more sustainable modes of transportation. The survey results will help inform sustainable travel plans and encourage more environmentally-friendly travel options.
Culture and tourism have a mutually beneficial relationship that can strengthen regions and make them more attractive and competitive. Tourism provides income to support cultural heritage and creativity, while culture enhances tourism. India has seen rapid growth in tourism, generating 9.2% of GDP in 2018. India offers cultural diversity and heritage, with 38 UNESCO World Heritage sites. The government is working to promote niche tourism products and improve infrastructure to further boost the tourism sector.
This document evaluates Bangladesh's National Tourism Policy 2010 and its effectiveness in developing sea beach and natural tourism. It finds that while Bangladesh has attractive beaches and islands, tourism development has been slow. The policy aims to boost tourism through 30 goals, but more investment, skilled workers, efficient management and tourist facilities are still needed. Private sector investment will be important to develop the industry given its large costs. The evaluation identifies issues like low funding and recommends increasing resources, branding, identifying icons, and introducing tourism accounting to improve the sector. It concludes that beach tourism could generate jobs and exports if given proper attention and ecological balance is maintained.
This document evaluates Bangladesh's National Tourism Policy 2010 and its effectiveness in developing sea beach and natural tourism. It finds that while Bangladesh has attractive beaches and islands, tourism development has been slow. The policy aims to boost tourism through 30 goals, but more investment, skilled workers, efficient management and tourist facilities are still needed. Private sector investment will be important to develop the industry given its large costs. The evaluation identifies issues like low funding and recommends increasing resources, branding, identifying icons, and improving facilities and security to foster beach tourism development and promote the overall tourism industry.
Tourism Resource Potential in Chitrakoot Region A SWOT Analysisijtsrd
Chitrakoot is one of the major tourists' destinations of India not only for Religious Tourism Hinduism since ancient era but also having enough of other tourism potential such as wild life tourism, adventure tourism, wine tourism and Natural tourism. The main purpose of the study is to find out those potentials which are unexplored at the Chitrakoot region of Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The type of research is descriptive and exploratory. The study is qualitative in nature. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources. For primary data, open ended questionnaire and opinion method were used. The researcher has done SWOT analysis of the Chitrakoot region in respect to tourism potential. The findings of the study reflected that various tourism potentials existed in the Chitrakoot region. Some suggestion and recommendations have been provided at the end of the study. Ranjit Kumar | Dr. Mohammad Shoaib Khan "Tourism Resource Potential in Chitrakoot Region: A SWOT Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47511.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/47511/tourism-resource-potential-in-chitrakoot-region-a-swot-analysis/ranjit-kumar
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in the tourism industry in India. It provides background on the importance of tourism to the Indian economy, noting that tourism contributes over 6% to GDP and supports millions of jobs. The paper examines the positive and negative impacts of tourism development as well as the need to attract more FDI into the sector. It recommends measures to do so, such as rationalizing taxes, establishing single-window clearances, increasing tax holidays, and adjusting depreciation rates to incentivize environmental protection. The overall aim is to leverage FDI to further develop tourism and realize its economic and employment benefits.
This document provides an overview of tourism development in Malaysia. It discusses how the Malaysian government has played a key role in developing tourism through comprehensive planning, infrastructure development, and international promotion efforts over several decades. Major points made include:
- Tourism is now an important contributor to Malaysia's economy, generating around 10% of GDP.
- Government plans since the 1970s, including seven 5-year Malaysian Plans, have aimed to diversify tourism offerings and boost tourism growth.
- Infrastructure investment and promotion by government agencies like Tourism Malaysia have supported the rapid growth of Malaysia's international tourist arrivals to over 25 million annually.
Measuring Tourist Service Satisfaction at Destination: A Case Study of Cox...b-planning
This study examines existing tourism services of the highly trafficked destination of Cox’s Bazar Sea beach in
Bangladesh using a tourist satisfaction analysis. Using observation and self-determined questionnaire survey, the study
classified tourist to their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and measured satisfaction level using five point
Likert- scales against seventeen selected variables. The findings of this study suggest that tourists were mostly satisfied with
amenities related to destination management, with a natural attraction to the beach and relaxation facilities provided by the
destination. In contrast, tourists were disappointed with facilities such as health and emergency services, transportation
services, tour guides, information services and night life. The outcome of this empirical research will enable planners,
investors, destination mang ers and other vested interest groups to better understand tourist expectations and formulate
improved strategies, regional policy and a balanced approach toward sustainable tourism development in the region
Strategic Marketing A Panacea for Harnessing Nigerian Tourism Potentials for ...ijtsrd
This study examined strategic marketing A panacea for harnessing Nigerian tourism potential for social economic development. The study adopted survey method. The data for the study were collected through structured questionnaire administered on professionals and stakeholders in tourism industry and secondary data from the databases of the World Bank and World Economic Forum on international tourist arrivals and sustainability index for Nigeria. The study area was restricted to South Eastern States of Nigeria. The selected States include Anambra, Enugu, Imo, Ebonyi and Abia. A sample size of 150 was determined from the population of stakeholders in the industry which include management staff of the State’s Tourism Board, Travel Agents, Hoteliers and various Community Heads. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in administering the questionnaire on the respondents directly involved in tourism development and marketing in the study area. The data collected were presented and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that there is no significant effect of sustainability of travel and tourism industry development on international tourist arrivals. It equally revealed that the aims of sustainable tourism were not seriously considered in the marketing strategies of the stakeholders. In order to attract more tourists from developed nations, issues of sustainability need to be integrated in the marketing strategy of the country’s tourism industry. Abereola Samuel Niyi | Ademokoya Joshua Ilesanmi | Akinkuotu Felix "Strategic Marketing: A Panacea for Harnessing Nigerian Tourism Potentials for Socio-Economic Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52735.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/52735/strategic-marketing-a-panacea-for-harnessing-nigerian-tourism-potentials-for-socioeconomic-development/abereola-samuel-niyi
Role of Tourism in Economic Development A Case Study of Koraput District of O...ijtsrd
Tourism and hospitality is an important parameter of socio cultural identity and heritage of a country. In the era of globalization tourism and hospitality enhances the economic growth by job creation, source of foreign exchange and development of regions with potential for tourism. According to World Travel and Tourism Council 2014 , the contribution of travel and tourism in world GDP is estimated to increase from 9.5 of GDP in 2013 to 10.3 of GDP in 2024 WTTC, 2014 .Tourism and hospitality industry contributes 6.8 of GDP of India, contributes 7.7 in total employment generated and provides foreign exchange of US 18.13 billion . The tourism and hospitality sector is the third largest source of foreign exchange for India. The investment in tourism creates more jobs as compared to other sectors of economy. An investment of Rs. 10 lakh in tourism sector is estimated to create 89 jobs in hospitality industry as compared to 45 jobs in agriculture and 13 jobs in manufacturing sector Planning Commission .Hotel industry generates revenues of US 400 500 billion annually. In India tourism and hospitality has emerged as a sunrise industry with rise in number of foreign tourists. Shri Arun Kumar Tripathy | Shri Kishore Kumar Patra "Role of Tourism in Economic Development: A Case Study of Koraput District of Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47833.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47833/role-of-tourism-in-economic-development-a-case-study-of-koraput-district-of-odisha/shri-arun-kumar-tripathy
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An evaluative study on tourism in bangladesh (2)
1. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org
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An Evaluative Study on Tourism in Bangladesh
Rajib Kanti Das* , Jaba Chakraborty
Faculty of Business Administration, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, BGC Biddyanagar,
Chandanaish, Chittagong, Bangladesh: Mobile: 8801716-101740
* E-mail of the corresponding author: rajibkantidas@hotmail.com
Abstract
Tourism is one of the most promising sectors for Bangladesh with her huge natural beauty, heroic
historical background and archaeological resources. This research has identified whether the
contribution of this sector is significant to total GDP of Bangladesh and its future prospects as research
problem. It has served the objectives of assessing different aspects of tourism with point to point
analysis. Secondary data supplied by Bangladesh Economic Review 2010, Bangladesh Parjatan
Corporation and World Travel & Tourism Council have been analyzed with some simple statistical
tools. Recommendations are made for development of infrastructures, diversifications of tourism form
and establishment of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in tourism sector.
Keywords: Tourism, GDP, Service, Infrastructures, PPP
1. Introduction
Bangladesh is a country of natural beauty. She is blessed with endowment of almighty. A paper by
Majbritt (2010) argues that the six (at present 7) Bangladeshi Division offers both individually and
combining a variety of natural and cultural destinations suitable for tourist attractions. The duty of
proper authority is to make it handy for the interest group both from home and abroad. Mere some
initiatives can prove all these potentialities as a fruitful dream. Proper nurturing of natural beauty can
attract people from across the world. This can be a major contributor in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
of Bangladesh. Tourism offers immense potentiality for employment generation, poverty alleviation
and maintaining ecological balance. It is relatively a modern phenomenon, which plays an intensely
important role in the economic development of any country.
According to World Travel & Tourism Council (2011), while economic growth going forward faces
many challenges – as both governments and the private sector in many developed economies seek to
reduce their debts, and as the prices of oil and other commodities rise – the Travel & Tourism industry
is still expected to be one of the world’s fastest growing sectors. Emerging economies, in particular, are
expected to be increasingly important engines of such growth, boosting both international travel and
also generating increasingly vibrant domestic tourism sectors. As the economy of Bangladesh is
growing one, her dependency should be diversified to reduce risk. Some well established and revenue
contributing sectors like tourism is a burning necessity. Present status of tourism in Bangladesh and its
prospect as a contributor in GDP are the research problems .Moreover World Travel & Tourism
Council (2011) claims that the direct contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP is expected to be
BDT184.4bn (2.3% of total GDP) in 2011, rising by 6.3% p.a. to BDT339.2bn (2.3%) in 2021 (in
constant 2011 prices). To maintain a sustainable growth in tourism, its present contribution and future
prospects could be experimented.
2. Rationale of the Study
Bangladesh is a country of good prospects for tourism. Bangladesh Economic Review (2010) states
that Bangladesh has basically three sectors of generating revenue: Industry, Agriculture and Service.
Tourism is a part of service sector which is contributing a major part of total GDP of Bangladesh.
Though the contribution of tourism in GDP is only 7% (Table 1) in 2004-05, it has increased to 9.44%
(Table 1) by the year 2009-10. This simple data could be helpful to understand how promising the
sector is for Bangladesh. In this country, the scope of nature based tourism, research based tourism,
culture based tourism, and eco-tourism is quite evident (Shamsuddoha 2004). Tourism planning has
been defined as a process based on research and evaluation, which seeks to optimize the potential
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contribution of tourism to human welfare and environmental quality (Tosun and Jenkins 1998). Many
developing countries have prepared plans particularly at the central level to guide tourism
development, as they have recognized the tourism sector as an important source of foreign currency
earning and employment (Tosun and Timothy 2001). It requires the integration of the tourism industry
into other sectors such as agriculture, industry, transportation and social services (Timothy 1999).
Tourism can open a new horizon for Bangladesh. Infact, tourism in Bangladesh is becoming an
emerging issue both for the public and private sectors to establish their eligibility for accomplishing a
successful business as well as marketing activities development (Akteruzzaman and Ishtiaque 2001).
There is not sufficient research to overcome the obstacles therein. This paper will try to fill up the gap.
3. Objectives of the Study
Tourism industry is not very well established. For making the sector developed and significant, some
modification and arrangement are to be made here. This paper has set some objectives which will serve
the research purpose. The specific objectives of the study are:
a) To assess different aspects of tourism;
b) To identify the reasons of tourism;
c) To analyze the contribution of tourism in GDP of Bangladesh;
d) To explore future prospects of tourism in Bangladesh and
e) To suggests some recommendations for development of tourism sector.
4. Scope and Research Method
Bangladesh is endowed with so many natural beauties like sea beaches, parks, forests, eco tourism,
wild life sanctuaries, hill tracts areas, tea estates, and islands etc. Moreover, two international standard
sea ports, hundreds of museums, have attracted people from all over the world. Bright historical
background has blessed Bangladesh with so many historic places, heritages, monuments, historical
buildings, and archaeological sites. Furthermore, picnic spots, bridges, amusement park, mosques,
tombs, temples & monastery, and churches have made the country an ideal place for the tourists. Glory
historic background and the combination of huge cultural ingredients welcome the interest group of
education tours. Cheap labor, huge potentiality and availability of raw materials attract people of
business tourism. World Ijtema, tombs and other pilgrim spots have encouraged people of religious
tourism. Moreover, good medical services have invited people of medical tourism.
This study is a theoretical analysis of secondary data. It covers economic impact of tourism in
Bangladesh. Data recorded by all related authority like Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, Bangladesh
Economic Review 2010 and World Tourism and Traveling Council 2011, are used for this research.
Using some simple statistical tools, all the data obtained from secondary sources are analyzed and
finally a conclusion is drawn. Afterwards, some recommendations are made for the betterment of this
sector so that the economy can squeeze absolute benefit there from.
5. Hypothesis of the Study
The research hypothesis is to test the significance of tourism in total GDP of Bangladesh. Firstly, the
growth rate of GDP including tourism has significant improvement over GDP excluding tourism.
Secondly, contribution of tourism in GDP has significance comparing to the significance of the
contribution of service.
6. Analysis and Results
Tourism is a promising sector in Bangladesh having a steady growth rate of around 13% (Table 2)
except in 2008-09 which has a growth rate of only 10.38% (Table 2). From figure 1 which is drawn
from table 2, earning from tourism has a slow rising growth trend till 2007-08. Though there is sudden
fall in tourism growth in 2008-09, total GDP growth is almost unaffected. It implies that GDP is not
very much depending on tourism apparently. On an average, around BDT4598.32 million (Table 3) is
earned from tourism which has been experienced an average growth rate of 8.41% (Table 3).
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6.1 Forms of Tourism
There are different purposes of tour by the intended people. Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation
(2009) has classified the causes of tourism as tourism (site tourism), business, office, study,
religion, service and other purpose. Literature study reveals other types of tourism which are termed as
medical tourism, slum tourism, and halal tourism etc.
Major number of tourists visiting Bangladesh is for scenic beauty. Figure-2 is drawn from Table 1.
Around 46% (Figure-2) of total number of foreign tourists visiting Bangladesh in 2009 comes to enjoy
natural. Second highest reason for tourists’ attraction is religious interest. Bangladesh is a giant country
in the Muslim world. Thousands of people visit Bangladesh for religious purpose. She arranges the
three-day Bishwa Ijtema each year attracting people from around the world. According to GTA
Muslims News & Resources (2010), Bangladesh — Tens of Thousands (according to some report 4
million) Muslims attended Tabligi Jamaat Ijtima in 2010 near the Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka. In
2009, around 41% (Figure 2) of total tourists come for religious purpose. Moreover, 3.36% for business
tourism, 2.42% for study tourism and 1.46% for office of total number tourists visit Bangladesh in
2009 (Figure 2).
6.1.1 Site Tourism
Among many reasons of tourism, visiting natural sites to enjoy scenic beauty is one. In 2009, from a
monthly analysis shows that tourist arrival for the reason of scenic beauty has an increasing growth
trend from (6.99%) in January to 40.06% in December 2009 (Table 4). Huge natural attractions
constitute this country as a paradise for the tourists both from home and abroad.
6.1.2 Business Tourism
Based on our natural resources galore, strategic geographic location, distinct competitive edge and
comparative advantages- sectors like petrochemicals & its dependent industries, oil refineries,
pulp & paper industries, tourism & amusement industries, cement clinker, ship building &
repairing industries, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and its ancillary industries, electrical & electronic
industries, light engineering, leather & jute, melamine & ceramic industries, power generation,
water treatment industry, deep draft port, telecommunication, composite textile & garments
backward linkage industries, timber, agro processing and gas based industries have huge prospects
to grow in Bangladesh to cater to the vast domestic market as well as to capitalize the privileged
market access being enjoyed by Bangladesh from developed countries through export (Chowdhury
n.d.). This is why, the second highest number of people visit Bangladesh for business purpose from
across the world. Around 111,569 tourists in 2009 (Table 1) have visited Bangladesh for business
purpose. Growth rates fluctuate from a minimum (1.03%) in February to maximum 53.28% in October
(Table 1).
6.1.3 Office Tourism
There are a number of global, international and multinational companies doing business in Bangladesh.
Of these, mentionable are A. K. Khan & Co. Ltd, Avery Dennison Bangladesh Ltd., Berger Paints
Bangladesh Limited, Bureau Veritas Consumer Products Services (Bangladesh) Ltd., Novartis
(Bangladesh) Limited and aamra, a collection of 14 companies, involved in the Textiles and Apparels,
Information & Communication Technologies and Lifestyle Service sector in Bangladesh over the last
22 years mentionable (Bangladesh Trade Directory n.d.). Many high officials and delegates visit
Bangladesh for operation of their offices. In 2009, 3,895 tourists (Table 4) tour Bangladesh for official
purpose. From monthly analysis, it depicts that there is a rising growth rate of official tourists with
some fluctuation from (66.10%) in January to 23.92% in December (Table 4).
6.1.4 Education Tourism
Williams (2010) states that Educational tourism is tourist activity undertaken by those who are
undertaking an overnight vacation and those who are undertaking an excursion for whom education
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and learning is a primary or secondary part of their trip. From table 4, it is found that 6,475 tourists
come to Bangladesh for education purpose in 2009. Universities arrange many international seminars,
conferences, and symposiums and attract academicians and students seeking knowledge across the
world. Moreover 26 public universities and 56 private universities (Education Statistics 2005) attract
people from around the world through their exchange program. Monthly analysis shows that growth
rate of tourists visiting study purpose has a fluctuating trend from minimum (24.96%) in January to
second highest at 11.66% in November (Table 4).
6.1.5 Religious Tourism
According to GTA Muslims News & Resources (n.d.), Bangladesh is the world's third-largest Muslim-
majority nation, with Muslims making up nearly 90 percent of its 144 million populations. She
arranges so many religious programs like Bishwa Ijtema which attract Muslim around the world.
Moreover there are a small number of people of Hinduism, Christianity and Buddhism come to
Bangladesh for religious interests. According to Parjatan Corporation of Bangladesh, 8,983 tourists
(Table 4) visit Bangladesh for religious purpose in 2009.
6.1.6 Medical Tourism
Medical science could be a good source of medical tourism. Recently some international standard
hospitals are established in Bangladesh. These can make new horizon for medical tourism. Though the
medical tourism in Bangladesh is not well recognized, it may create a great opportunity in near future.
The other wing of medical tourism is online medical service which is big online database providing
necessary information to attract people to come to the country in person. Bangladesh has two hospitals
in online medical tourism database namely United Hospital Bangladesh and Apollo Hospital Dhaka
(Discover Medical Tourism n.d.).
6.1.7 Other Tourism
Other forms of tourism includes Bicycle touring, Boat sharing, Cultural tourism, Rural tourism, River
cruise, Nautical tourism, Jihadi tourism, Halal tourism, Sports tourism, Slum tourism, Virtual tourism,
Walking tourism, Wildlife tourism and Water tourism. Very often, people come for short visit. Meeting
relatives, participating sports and international awareness program etc. cause people to travel across the
world. In 2009, 13,286 tourists (Table 4) visit Bangladesh for these purposes.
6.2 Tourism Sites in Bangladesh
6.2.1 Dhaka Division
There are many tourist spots in Dhaka division. Mentionable spots are Ahsan Manjil, Lalbag Fort,
Bangabandhu Memorial Museum, National Zoo, Botanical Garden, National Museum, Parliament
House, Sonargaon, National Martyrs Memorial, Jamuna Bridge, Nawab Palace, Tungipara, Vasani
Novo Theater and Trisal etc. All these places attract people from accross the globe.
6.2.2 Chittagong Division
Chittagong is the commercial capital of Bangladesh. It is full of natural beauty. The mentionable
tourism spots in Chittagong are Fay’s Lake, Patenga, Port Area, Bandarban, Marine Academy,
Sitakundu, Parki Beach, Cox's Bazar Himchori & Inani Beach, Moheshkhali Island, Sonadia Island, St.
Mrtins Island, Nijhum Island, Teknaf, Hill tracks Rangamati, Cheera Island, Ramu (Buddhist village),
Mainamati, Laboni beach, and Shrine of Bayazid Bostami etc.
6.2.3 Rajshahi Division
People from all over the world, with archaeological interest come at Rajshahi. Some mentionable
places are Mahasthangarh, Paharpur Buddhist Monastery, Kantajee's Temple, Ramshagor Dighi,
Shopnopuri, and Shilaidaha Kutibari etc.
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6.2.4 Khulna Division
Khulna is another port city of Bangaldesh. It is vested with a large sea port Mongla. Business men
often tour to Khulna for Business purpose. Other than that, people with interest in scenic beauty go
there to observe mangrove forest Sundarban and Shat Gambuj Mosque etc. Moreover, Kuakata, locally
known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic beauty spot on the southernmost tip of
Bangladesh.
6.2.5 Sylhet Division
Sylhet is another division of Bangladesh having so many spots to welcome tourists from across the
country as well as from all over the world. The Shrine of Hazrat ShahJalal, Sri Chaitannya Dev
Temple, Srimongol, Madhabkunda Waterfall, Tea Estate, Sylhet Lawacherra National Forest, Kean
Bridge, Jaflong, Historical watch, Tribal villages, Haripur Oil Field, and Tanguar Haor are mostly
visited place by tourists.
6.2.6 Barisal Division
Barisal is another division with some places of interests. Many people vistits these place throughout the
year. Among the places Sagardari (Birth place of modern Bengali poet Michael Madhusudhan Datta) is
the most visited place.
7. Impact of Tourism
The impact of tourism on economy and society is obvious. To make a knowledge based society,
tourism is essential. It strengthens the country both economically and socially. From the figure-3, it is
found that the impacts of tourism are classified as direct, indirect and induced. The sum up of all
contributions of tourism results in outcome of healthy GDP and creation of employment. World Travel
and Tourism Council (2011) claims that Travel & Tourism is expected to generate 1,509,000 jobs
directly in 2011 (1.9% of total employment). By 2021, Travel & Tourism will account for 1,951,000
jobs directly, an increase of 442,000 (29.3%) over the next ten years. The total contribution of Travel
& Tourism to employment is expected to be 3,326,000 jobs in 2011 (4.2% of total employment). More
over, visitor exports are a key component of the direct contribution of Travel & Tourism. Bangladesh is
expected to attract 443,000 international tourist (overnight visitor) arrivals in 2011, generating
BDT6.6bn in visitor exports (foreign visitor spending, including spending on transportation). Tourism
makes direct contribution by creating demand of accommodations, transportations, and entertainment
etc. Indirect impact accounts for creation of Govt. collective investments and purchases of supplies etc.
Thirdly, the induced impact results in direct and indirect spending of the employees related to tourism.
Tourism offers immense potentiality on employment generation, poverty alleviation and maintaining
ecological balance. It is a relatively modern phenomenon, which plays an intensely important role in
the economic development of any country.
8. Test of Hypothesis
For analysis, contribution of service in GDP and contribution of tourism in GDP are tested using SPSS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Again GDP growth excluding tourism and GDP growth
including tourism are tested by pair ‘t’ test. The data used for the test are taken from table 1. The result
obtained from two tailed pair test of contribution of service in GDP and contribution of tourism in GDP
is significant. As the table 5 (pair 1) shows, it contains the t-value (160.479) and the 2-tailed p-value
(.00). The 95% confidence interval of 38.85252 to 40.11748 is also shown on the table 5. Since the p-
value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 the difference between the means is significant. In other words, it can
be said that the amount contributed by the tourism in GDP is significant.
Furthermore, the table 5 (pair 2) from the output listing contains the t-value (-11.60) and the 2-tail p-
value (.00). The 95% confidence interval of (-.69642) to (-.42758) is also depicted on the table. Since
the p-value of (.00) is less than 0.05 the difference between the means is significant. It can be said that
the growth rate of GDP including tourism is more than the growth of GDP excluding tourism.
From both tests, it is clear that the position of tourism in total economy is considerable and it has a
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good perspective subject to the maintenance of its sustainability and development.
9. Findings and Recommendations
9.1 Findings
It is widely recognized that Bangladesh is very rich by the natural beauty and panoramic views, what a
tourist wants to enjoy. But there is lack of effective initiatives, proper management plan, and quick &
sincere effort from responsible authority. Bangladesh is a reverie country. She has vast natural beauty
and a glorious historical background. Since liberation Bangladesh has progressed a lot and has paved
her way to development with a good agro-based economy as well as industry and service sector.
Tourism is a part of service. But it has good associations with some other sub-sector of service and non
service sectors. A large number of employment opportunities are being created by this sector. Tour
operator business is doing well in Bangladesh. Thousands of young people have engaged themselves as
tourists’ guide. Moreover some other induced impact of truism results in economic progress in local
area and the country as a whole. Communication, throughout the country, is developed because of
tourism. As a result, other economic activities are augmented. Based on findings, some
recommendations are suggested.
9.2 Recommendations
Tourism is an industry of providing services. It could not be isolated from other sectors; rather it
depends on some combined effort of other service sub-sectors like hotel and motels, transports, foods,
security, guide etc. These facilities are the infrastructures of tourism which is still far behind from
satisfactory level. Bangladesh is blessed with huge natural beauty which constitutes major part of
tourism industry. Proper maintenance of these beauties along with assuring other logistic facilities can
make the tourism most lucrative sector. For this, concentrations are to be made on some areas.
9.2.1 Transportation Facilities
A precondition of tourism industry is good transportation. Since Bangladesh is a plain country, rout
transport is very popular here. In 1997, the total length of paved road under the Roads and Highways
Department stood at more than 20,000 kilometers. The road transport carries about 70% of the
country’s total passenger and cargo (Shakilah 2011). For tourism, infrastructures in road, railway, air
and water transport are important.
9.2.2 Accommodations for Tourists
For tremendous progress in tourism industry, a parallel linkage development in accommodation
facilities is utmost necessity. The hotel business in Bangladesh is being flourished centering major
tourist spot like Cox’s Bazar and other important tourism city. According to Islam (n.d.), there are
quality hotels in major cities. Rose View, a 5 star is at Sylhet, a beautiful city sharing same geo-
continental plate with Indian hilly state of Meghalaya. Western Inn, Royal International and Arcadia are
at Khulna, a city southern part of the country, at the largest mangrove forest district. Cities like Bogra,
Comilla, Jessore, Rajshahi and most other cities currently hold at least one or two 5 or 4 star rated
hotels.
9.2.3 Security for Tourists
Security is another important aspect for the development of tourism industry. For ensuring safety and
security of tourists, a new wing of Bangladesh Police has started to serve. According to The Daily Star
(August 18, 2009), a total of 77 police personnel under the command of an Assistant Superintendent of
Police (ASP) will serve as tourist police at Cox's Bazar. But, initially 15 tourist police headed by an
inspector started functioning at Shaikat Police Outpost in Cox's Bazar. Moreover, mass people of
Bangladesh have to come forward to ensure the security of foreign tourists.
9.2.4 Tourist Operators and Tourist Guide
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There are so many tour operator businesses in Bangladesh. They arrange different tour packages. Some
mentionable tour operator is The Guide Tours Ltd., Himalayan Travel and Tourism, Journey Plus, Ras
Holiday, River and Green Tours, Saint Martin Tourism Ltd., Speed Holidays, Unique Tours & Travels
and Mangrove Tourism mentionable. Availability of tourist operator and guide may encourage tourists
to tour around the country. Availability of tour operators and guide may promote people for tourism.
9.2.5 Diversified Food Culture
Availability of food according to tastes of different countries and their choices is one of the major pre-
requisites to attract international tourists. Food habit varies from region to region. To increase tourist
exports, proper arrangement of food from different culture is important.
9.2.6 Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Tourism
For swift development, Public Private Partnership in Tourism is emerged in recent years. According to
Akter (2010), Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation has taken steps to build new facilities, including hotels,
motels, restaurants and amusement parks in 13 districts, to accelerate growth of tourism, mainly
domestic. The next fiscal year's budget may consider 21 tourism projects across Bangladesh under
public private partnerships (PPP), which are planned to start operations by 2013.
9.2.7 Introducing Slum Tourism
Any country like Bangladesh having a large number of slum dwellers that has high appeal to first world
country people can attract huge tourists every year. According to Ma (2010), Slum tourism is a type of
tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas, which has become increasingly prominent in several
developing countries like India, Brazil, Kenya, and Indonesia.
9.2.8 Implementation of Tribal Tourism
Bangladesh has huge tribal population living mostly in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and in the regions of
Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. The majority of the tribal population lives in rural areas, where
many practiced shifting cultivation. They have completely different culture and life style. Many curious
tourists interested in their culture and life style may be attracted by promoting tribal tourism.
9.2.9 Halal Tourism for Muslim Worlds
Bangladesh is a giant of Muslim world. Anything termed as halal (anything abide by Sharia) creates
extra appeal to the Muslim. Halal tourism is a new product in the tourism industry which provides
holiday destinations for Muslim families who abide by Sharia rules. The hotels in such destinations do
not serve alcohol and have separate swimming pools and spa facilities for men and women. The Halal
tourism will also provides flights where no alcohol or pork products are served, prayer timings are
announced, and religious programs are broadcast as part of entertainment offered board.
10. Remarks and Conclusion
Tourism is a promising sector in Bangladesh. It is a growing sector with an increasing contribution in
GDP. Mere some infrastructural development can make the sector sustainable. Though the contribution
of this sector is already at significant level, it is important to maintain the industry’s sustainability for
not to hamper regular growth in GDP. An economy has a regular growth in its size. This growth is
contributed by all sectors of it. Importance should be given on tourism for its maintenance and growth.
This paper has examined the extent of tourism in GDP and at the same time how positively it is
growing. Without maintaining proper growth in the sector, it may be lag behind in making its future
contribution in national economy. From statistical test, it is found that the contribution is already
significant. But it can contribute further by creating more employment, generating demand for
accommodations and food, improving transportation, and as whole branding Bangladesh to the world.
This is a big sub-sector of the national economy. There is a good research scope on country branding
and the tourism.
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References
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16.00%
14.00%
12.00%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Growth of Tourism contribution Growth rate of GDP excluding Tourism Growth rate of GDP
Figure 1. Comparative growth of Tourism, Total GDP and GDP excluding Tourism
4.97%
Tourism Business Office Study Religion Other
3.36%
2.42%
1.46%
46.01%
41.77%
Figure 2. Comparative arrival of Tourists in Bangladesh in 2009
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Direct Travel and Tourism
Contribution
Commodities:
-Accommodation
-Transportations Indirect Travel & Induced Contribution
Tourism contribution (Spending of Direct Travel and
-Entertainment and Indirect tourism
-T&T investment Employees) Contribution
-Attractions spending
-Food and beverages
Industries: -Government
collective T&T -Recreation -To GDP
-Hotels & Catering
Spending
-Clothing -To Employment
-Retail
-Transportation Services
-Business Service
Figure 3. The Impact of Tourism
Source: 2011 Bangladesh Economic Impact Report, World Trade and Tourism Council
Table 1. Growth and Contribution of Tourism and Other Sector in GDP of Bangladesh
Growth Growth Growth
Year of GDP of GDP GDP GDP of Contribution Contribution
including excluding
including excluding Tourism of Service in of Tourism
Tourism TourismTourism Tourism (%) GDP (%) in GDP (%)
2004-2005 266978 248278 47.41 7.00
2005-2006 6.63% 6.14% 284673 263513 13.16 47.31 7.43
2006-2007 6.43% 5.88% 302971 279001 13.28 47.51 7.91
2007-2008 6.19% 5.54% 321726 294466 13.73 47.66 8.47
2008-2009 5.74% 5.31% 340197 310107 10.38 47.92 8.84
2009-2010 6.00% 5.31% 360609 326579 13.09 48.19 9.44
Source: Bangladesh Economic Review 2010, Ministry of Finance and 2011 Bangladesh Economic
Impact Report, World Trade and Tourism Council
Table 2. Growth of Tourism, Total GDP and GDP Excluding Tourism
Growth 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Growth of Tourism contribution 13.16% 13.28% 13.73% 10.38% 13.09%
Growth rate of GDP excluding Tourism 6.14% 5.88% 5.54% 5.31% 5.31%
Growth rate of GDP 6.63% 6.43% 6.19% 5.74% 6.00%
Source: Bangladesh Economic Review 2010 (Ministry of Finance) and 2011 Bangladesh Economic
Impact Report, World Trade and Tourism Council
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11. Total
Other
Other
Study
Study
Years
Office
Office
Month
Tourism
Tourism
Religion
Religion
Business
Business
Total
Exchange
Growth of
Growth of
Growth of
Growth of
Growth of
Growth of
% Change
Growth of
Total Foreign
28,632 1,089 2,102 605 823 9,985 14,028 January
Vol 3, No 1, 2012
- - 1.02 2653.80 2000-2001
-8.19% 26,286 -5.88% 1,025 23.93 1,599
-24.96% 454 66.10 279 -1.03% 9,882 -6.99% 13,047 February
% %
- 24.82 3312.60 2001-2002
16.49 17.20
-4.46% 25,114 1,194 60.79 627 18.94% 540 327 -2.05% 9,679 -2.30% 12,747 March
% %
%
- - -0.08 3310.00 2002-2003
-1.31% 24,786 -4.44% 1,141 7.81 578 7.04% 578 4.59 312 -3.72% 9,319 0.87% 12,858 April
% %
- 19.87 3967.56 2003-2004
8.97
-4.37% 23,704 0.35% 1,145 22.32 449 6.57% 616 340 -7.58% 8,613 -2.47% 12,541 May
%
%
- 13.27 4493.89 2004-2005
15.81 16.48 -
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Research Journal of Finance and Accounting
-6.16% 22,244 1,326 5239.09% 672 13.24 295 21.96% 10,504 8,924 June
% % 28.84%
%
- -
23.39 23.07 5530.65 2005-2006
-2.09% 21,780 20.66 1,052 3.25 506 -18.30% 549 364 -3.02% 10,187 2.22% 9,122 July
ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)
%
% %
- -
- - -4.80 5265.19 2006-2007
Source: Tourism Statistics 2010, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation
Source: Tourism Statistics 2010, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation
18,239 -6.84% 980 5.34 479 -2.91% 533 36.54 231 -20.41% 8,108 7,908 Aug.
16.26% 13.31%
% %
- 4.80 1.30 - 16.32 6124.52 2007-2008
14,749 -9.18% 890 502-6.57% 498 234 -17.64% 6,678 5,947 Sept.
19.13% % % 24.80%
- -
Table 4. Visitors Arrival by Purpose of Visit (2008-09)
20.67 -5.92 5762.24 2008-2009
Table 3. Foreign Earnings from Tourism (In Million BDT)
35.35% 19,963 1,074 0.80 498 -13.86% 429 5.13 222 53.28% 10,236 26.18% 7,504 Oct.
%
% %
-
1.81 -3.46 5562.70 2009-2010
-3.14% 19,336 -3.45% 1,037 50711.66% 479 5.86 209 -7.27% 9,492 1.44% 7,612 Nov.
%
%
28.54 20.91 23.92 8.41 4598.32 Average
15.19% 22,274 1,333 613 8.98% 522 259 -6.38% 8,886 40.06% 10,661 Dec.
% % %
267,107 13,286 8,983 6,475 3,895 111,569 122,899 Total 12.24 1221.60 STDEV
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Table 5. Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence Sig.
Std.
Details Std. Interval of the t df (2-
Mean Error
Deviation Difference tailed)
Mean
Lower Upper
Pair Contribution of
1 Service in GDP -
39.48500 .60269 .24605 38.85252 40.11748 160.479 5 .000
Contribution of
Tourism in GDP
Pair GDP growth
2 excluding
tourism - GDP -.56200 .10826 .04841 -.69642 -.42758 -11.60 4 .000
growth including
tourism
Sources: Calculated by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
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