This paper examines the potential effects of tourism on the economic growth of Bangladesh. It is a review paper of the
literature based on secondary data. This paper discusses various aspects regarding the effects of the tourism industry on
the overall economic progress of the country, including real GDP growth, infrastructural development and employment
generation. Since the tourism industry has a small share of revenue to the GDP of Bangladesh’s economy (at this moment),
its contribution to economic growth is limited till now. This paper finds that the current size of the Bangladesh tourism
economy is BDT 500 million. Besides, Bangladesh earned USD 1157 million from tourism sector during 2009-2018 period.
Each year, 0.55 million tourists (on average) visit Bangladesh in the same period. Moreover, it creates 2.23 million jobs
each year. The travel and tourism sector contributes 4.4% of the GDP in each year. Bangladesh’s government ensures a
lot of facilities for tourists.This article points out a number of issues that need to be considered in the tourism industry
to play a more significant role regarding economic growth, and the overall socio-economic development of Bangladesh.
Keywords
Impact, Tourism, Economic growth, Economic development, Banglades
Bangladesh is currently the 41st of the largest economy of the world and the second
largest economy of South Asia, only next to India. Bangladesh is a south Asian and
lower-middle-income country with around 163.7 million populations. The current
size of Bangladesh’s GDP is USD 286 billion, with 8.13 per cent growth rate in 2018-
19 and it is estimated to be the 24th world largest economy by 2033 (Bangladesh
Economic Review (BER) 2019, Centre for Economics and Business Research
(CEBR), (2018). Apart from the service sector, the industry sector is the highest
contributing sector in this economy (35.14 per cent) followed by agriculture (13.61
per cent), transport and communication sectors (10.98 per cent) respectively
(BER, 2019). The industry sector covers four sub-sectors; these are: “mining and
quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply and construction.”
The Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat Level in Tourism Relations bet...Dr. Ali Alalmai
This document analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of tourism relations between India and Saudi Arabia. It provides background on tourism in each country, including key statistics on visitation and economic impact. India sees over 10 million foreign tourist arrivals annually, while Saudi Arabia is investing $54 billion by 2030 to develop its tourism sector beyond religious pilgrimages. The bilateral relationship between the two countries is described as centuries-old and strengthened by high-level visits and economic ties. A SWOT analysis is then presented for Indian tourism to Saudi Arabia, identifying cultural attractions, infrastructure development, and historical ties as strengths, but also religious restrictions, perceptions, and limited marketing as weaknesses and threats. The study
Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Re...ijtsrd
Tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries across the globe as well as in Sri Lanka. Contemporarily, the relationship between sport and tourism is vastly discussed in both the industry and academic paradigms. Sport and tourism are two different industries, but the industries are always inter connected strongly. With the emerging potential for tourism in the world, Sri Lanka is in a need of redefining its strategies to increase sports tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between of active sports tourists’ travel motivation and their revisit intention to Sri Lanka. Survey method is adopted to conduct this empirical study and employed 250 foreign tourists who engage in sporting and event activities such as water rafting, boat riding, surfing, snorkelling and cycling in Sri Lanka using purposive sampling method. The relationship between travel motivation and revisit intention was hypothesised and tested with Spearmen correlation. Results revealed a moderate level of positive relationship between two study variables. Accordingly Sri Lanka can promote its cultural events and festivals which can be means to enhance revisit intention of tourists especially, Sri Lankan food and natural resources based adventure sports have a massive fascination among foreigners. Hence, the visitors’ travel motivation and behavioural patterns can be recommended as a Sri Lankan tourism industry development mechanism. If tourism industry is capable of mounting the dimensions of motivation variable, certainly, Sri Lanka will be able to get higher tourists’ magnetism through local food, cultural events and natural resources. K. R. M. I. L. Rathnayaka | A. L. K. R Fernando "Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Revisit Intention to Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37959.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/37959/relationship-between-foreign-active-sports-tourists’-travel-motivation-and-revisit-intention-to-sri-lanka/k-r-m-i-l-rathnayaka
"• National Financial Services Operation hub
• Regional/Functional head quarters for financial service players
• National headquarters for players
• Private banking hub for NRIs/Regional HNWs
• International Micro-finance hub
• International commodity trade hub
• Participation in global capital markets
• Global hub for IT services for financial services sector
• Global hub for BPO services for financial services sector
Effects of Coronavirus Covid 19 on Tourist Industryijtsrd
The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the coronavirus pandemic COVID 19 on the tourism industry and to find the tourism sector that will result from this pandemic. In the absence of a similar earlier research, this research is designed to be conducted in a courteous manner. The pilot research involved 103 travelers selected on a non probability basis. The findings suggest that the current COVID 19 pandemic is likely to affect travelers behavior in terms of human safety, economic costs, beliefs and attitudes. Finally, the main findings and practical implications of this research are described in terms of crisis management, and the direction of further study is presented based on the findings and limitations of this research. Nazarbek Kamudas | Ganzorig Myagmardorj "Effects of Coronavirus (Covid-19) on Tourist Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38033.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-ethics/38033/effects-of-coronavirus-covid19-on-tourist-industry/nazarbek-kamudas
As covid 19 is on its path of disrupting and damaging world economies, the economy of India is also not unaffected. With this review paper it has been tried to find the various impacts of lockdown and covid 19 on tourism industry specifically in India. Impact of corona on Indian economy, tourism, and other parts of tourism will be analyzed with the help of content analysis. Medical tourism being hit at large will also be discussed apart from other sections of tourism in India. This paper will also attempt to gather the views on responsible tourism and will gather the suggested possible frameworks for government and bureaucrats to consider. Bringing equality, social justice and oneness are some of the important aspects associated with tourism cohesively and so an attempt has been made to draw attention towards them in the study. Abhimanyu Awasthi | Md. Soyav | Kumari Shiwani "Effect of Covid-19 on Tourism Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38070.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/38070/effect-of-covid19-on-tourism-industry/abhimanyu-awasthi
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), trade, and economic growth in BRICS countries. The study finds that FDI, trade, and economic growth in BRICS indicate a long-run sustainable relationship. It also discusses how China has performed well by attracting FDI inflows and maintaining a trade balance. The literature review discusses previous research that generally finds FDI increases capital accumulation and productivity, though the effects may depend on the industry and host country characteristics.
This academic paper examines China's rise on the world stage from an economic perspective. It discusses two key factors that have driven China's rapid economic growth: large-scale capital investment and rapid productivity growth. China has maintained high savings and investment rates, fueling domestic investment. It has also become a major source of outward foreign direct investment. Productivity gains from reallocating resources to more efficient sectors and exposure to international competition have also contributed to growth. The paper provides an overview of how China has become the world's largest manufacturer and a major trading powerhouse.
Tourism and its contribution to the Economy - Article by B.S Rathor - Advisor...Sharath Bhat
Maharashtra Economic Development Council, Monthly Economic Digest February 2017
Tourism is an activity difficult to define and more difficult to comprehend in view of its complexities. It is not a product nor a service but a rare blend of both or neither. In simple terms and as best understood it is travel for an objective - be it leisure, business or other purposes. I call it a unique experience through the combination of multitudes of objects bordering from the mundane to the spectacular under its umbrella. More than its definition it is important to know that this amalgam has the capability to deliver an experience which only can be felt by the traveling mass that are ever ready to savor its glory.
The Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat Level in Tourism Relations bet...Dr. Ali Alalmai
This document analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of tourism relations between India and Saudi Arabia. It provides background on tourism in each country, including key statistics on visitation and economic impact. India sees over 10 million foreign tourist arrivals annually, while Saudi Arabia is investing $54 billion by 2030 to develop its tourism sector beyond religious pilgrimages. The bilateral relationship between the two countries is described as centuries-old and strengthened by high-level visits and economic ties. A SWOT analysis is then presented for Indian tourism to Saudi Arabia, identifying cultural attractions, infrastructure development, and historical ties as strengths, but also religious restrictions, perceptions, and limited marketing as weaknesses and threats. The study
Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Re...ijtsrd
Tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries across the globe as well as in Sri Lanka. Contemporarily, the relationship between sport and tourism is vastly discussed in both the industry and academic paradigms. Sport and tourism are two different industries, but the industries are always inter connected strongly. With the emerging potential for tourism in the world, Sri Lanka is in a need of redefining its strategies to increase sports tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between of active sports tourists’ travel motivation and their revisit intention to Sri Lanka. Survey method is adopted to conduct this empirical study and employed 250 foreign tourists who engage in sporting and event activities such as water rafting, boat riding, surfing, snorkelling and cycling in Sri Lanka using purposive sampling method. The relationship between travel motivation and revisit intention was hypothesised and tested with Spearmen correlation. Results revealed a moderate level of positive relationship between two study variables. Accordingly Sri Lanka can promote its cultural events and festivals which can be means to enhance revisit intention of tourists especially, Sri Lankan food and natural resources based adventure sports have a massive fascination among foreigners. Hence, the visitors’ travel motivation and behavioural patterns can be recommended as a Sri Lankan tourism industry development mechanism. If tourism industry is capable of mounting the dimensions of motivation variable, certainly, Sri Lanka will be able to get higher tourists’ magnetism through local food, cultural events and natural resources. K. R. M. I. L. Rathnayaka | A. L. K. R Fernando "Relationship between Foreign Active Sports Tourists’ Travel Motivation and Revisit Intention to Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37959.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/37959/relationship-between-foreign-active-sports-tourists’-travel-motivation-and-revisit-intention-to-sri-lanka/k-r-m-i-l-rathnayaka
"• National Financial Services Operation hub
• Regional/Functional head quarters for financial service players
• National headquarters for players
• Private banking hub for NRIs/Regional HNWs
• International Micro-finance hub
• International commodity trade hub
• Participation in global capital markets
• Global hub for IT services for financial services sector
• Global hub for BPO services for financial services sector
Effects of Coronavirus Covid 19 on Tourist Industryijtsrd
The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the coronavirus pandemic COVID 19 on the tourism industry and to find the tourism sector that will result from this pandemic. In the absence of a similar earlier research, this research is designed to be conducted in a courteous manner. The pilot research involved 103 travelers selected on a non probability basis. The findings suggest that the current COVID 19 pandemic is likely to affect travelers behavior in terms of human safety, economic costs, beliefs and attitudes. Finally, the main findings and practical implications of this research are described in terms of crisis management, and the direction of further study is presented based on the findings and limitations of this research. Nazarbek Kamudas | Ganzorig Myagmardorj "Effects of Coronavirus (Covid-19) on Tourist Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38033.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-ethics/38033/effects-of-coronavirus-covid19-on-tourist-industry/nazarbek-kamudas
As covid 19 is on its path of disrupting and damaging world economies, the economy of India is also not unaffected. With this review paper it has been tried to find the various impacts of lockdown and covid 19 on tourism industry specifically in India. Impact of corona on Indian economy, tourism, and other parts of tourism will be analyzed with the help of content analysis. Medical tourism being hit at large will also be discussed apart from other sections of tourism in India. This paper will also attempt to gather the views on responsible tourism and will gather the suggested possible frameworks for government and bureaucrats to consider. Bringing equality, social justice and oneness are some of the important aspects associated with tourism cohesively and so an attempt has been made to draw attention towards them in the study. Abhimanyu Awasthi | Md. Soyav | Kumari Shiwani "Effect of Covid-19 on Tourism Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38070.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/38070/effect-of-covid19-on-tourism-industry/abhimanyu-awasthi
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), trade, and economic growth in BRICS countries. The study finds that FDI, trade, and economic growth in BRICS indicate a long-run sustainable relationship. It also discusses how China has performed well by attracting FDI inflows and maintaining a trade balance. The literature review discusses previous research that generally finds FDI increases capital accumulation and productivity, though the effects may depend on the industry and host country characteristics.
This academic paper examines China's rise on the world stage from an economic perspective. It discusses two key factors that have driven China's rapid economic growth: large-scale capital investment and rapid productivity growth. China has maintained high savings and investment rates, fueling domestic investment. It has also become a major source of outward foreign direct investment. Productivity gains from reallocating resources to more efficient sectors and exposure to international competition have also contributed to growth. The paper provides an overview of how China has become the world's largest manufacturer and a major trading powerhouse.
Tourism and its contribution to the Economy - Article by B.S Rathor - Advisor...Sharath Bhat
Maharashtra Economic Development Council, Monthly Economic Digest February 2017
Tourism is an activity difficult to define and more difficult to comprehend in view of its complexities. It is not a product nor a service but a rare blend of both or neither. In simple terms and as best understood it is travel for an objective - be it leisure, business or other purposes. I call it a unique experience through the combination of multitudes of objects bordering from the mundane to the spectacular under its umbrella. More than its definition it is important to know that this amalgam has the capability to deliver an experience which only can be felt by the traveling mass that are ever ready to savor its glory.
Main directions of improvement of the process of investment attractionSubmissionResearchpa
this fast-changing world, conflicts of interest and rivalry between countries are growing. In such a difficult international environment, it is important to keep our country competitive in the region and in the world by Bustonov Mansurjon Mardonakulovich and Abdurakhmanova Mukhtasar Fazliddin qizi 2020. Main directions of improvement of the process of investment attraction. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 6 (Jun. 2020), 19-25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i6.395. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/395/372 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/395
saia_EPF Drivers of Regional Integration_EDIP_20160203 webIvan Oliveira
This document discusses how global value chains have disrupted traditional concepts of regional integration. The fragmentation of production processes across borders has complicated analyses of trade, comparative advantage, and regional production spaces. However, some of the most successful value chain development, such as in China, still had strong regional dimensions, with production tasks transferring between nearby economies like China, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. Looking ahead, modern regional integration must address wider issues that demand more uniform regulations across larger spaces, while also allowing for local variation. Global value chains did not eliminate the regional concept, but have made it more complex and multi-dimensional.
Contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to theAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to local community development in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. It finds that the municipality received GH¢122,877.90 in tourism revenue in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 162.2%, but revenue fell to GH¢18,122.5 in 2011 due to lack of marketing and institutional issues. The document recommends capacity building for local communities, improved tourism marketing and promotion, greater private sector participation, and diverse tourism products to strengthen the sector's contributions to development.
The Covid-19 Pandemic and Economic Fallout in South Asia.
Coherent national strategies, backed by regional cooperation efforts, offer a way forward for economic recovery in South Asia, which is rapidly becoming the next COVID-19 global hotspot. Challenges and policies relating to macroeconomics, health, economic sectors, stimulus measures, and reforms, which are all crucial for the region’s recovery are discussed.
Women in Hospitality Challenges Admits Covid 19 Global PandemicYogeshIJTSRD
Before the COVID, there were more than 2.3 million visitors in Sri Lanka. Travel and tourism income remained a significant contributor to the national economy. By 2022, Colombo will open more than 14 hotel projects in its pipeline to meet the growing number of passengers as per the industry strategy. Sri Lanka reported around 60 of its occupancy last year, but key indicators of Easter terrorist attacks revealed less than 2018 in April 2019. It has been predicted, for example, that 25,000 30,000 additional employees would be needed per year to accommodate for the expected rise in guest arrivals to the region, post COVID forecast. Still, only less than 1,000 hotel management training graduates have generated annually, as per the tourism industry higher educational institute figures. It needs to build a good picture of the hotel industry to draw more women into the workforce to bridge the markets expanding labour shortage, to meet state economic objectives, more efficiently. The industry is offering equal opportunities for woman from its initiation in 1966 after the II world war and expansion in the same year with the approval of parliaments Act No. 10 of 1966. CL De Silva | DACS De Silva "Women in Hospitality: Challenges Admits Covid-19 Global Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41193.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comeconomics/development-economics/41193/women-in-hospitality-challenges-admits-covid19-global-pandemic/cl-de-silva
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE JORDANIAN ECONOMY AND ENTERPRISESectijjournal
This study investigates the impact of Covid-19 on Jordan's economic climate as well as Jordanian
enterprises. Starting with observing the procedures taken by the government of Jordan, then a discussion
and overview of the economic effect of the epidemic, and finally a discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on
enterprises in Jordan. The Results of this paper conclude that there is an economic impact of coronavirus
across the whole country. The impact is determined not only by the ramifications of the virus's spread on
the larger economy but also by the form of the government's reaction, which includes mobility restrictions
and other emergency measures, as well as Jordan's main development partners' support and the indirect
impacts caused by companies' responses to problems they have experienced, such as layoffs and wage
reductions to save expenses, when reporting repercussions. The study covers a period of two years from
2019 to 2020.
The document provides an overview of the tourism and hospitality industry in India. Some key points:
- India's foreign exchange earnings from tourism increased 20.8% in CY2017 to US$27.693 billion, and grew 10.2% during January-September 2018 to US$21.56 billion.
- The tourism sector accounted for 8% of India's total employment in 2017 and is expected to provide 52.3 million jobs by 2028.
- Domestic spending will be the major driver of growth, estimated to account for around 88.8% of tourism revenues by 2028 compared to 87.2% in 2017.
The Hospitality industry is one of the largest service industries in India. Despite seeing the least hotel occupancy in the past two years, this sector will promise robust growth over time with new travel concepts and innovative hotel projects. The growth of the Indian hotel market is based on the rising domestic and foreign tourism.
Approximately 300 hotels will come up in India over the next three years, constituting about 17% of Asis’s hotel constructions pipeline. India has the second largest number of hotels (292) under construction after Chine (592). The hotel projects under construction include projects from companies such as Four Seasons, Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group, Hilton Worldwide, Hyatt Hotel Corp., and Indian Hotels.
1) Indonesia has experienced strong economic growth in recent decades but faces short-term challenges including a slowing economy, widening budget deficit, and currency depreciation due to capital outflows.
2) Weakening commodity prices and slowing investment have reduced GDP growth to an estimated 5.5% in 2013 and 5.0% in the medium term, down from over 5.9% in 2008-2012.
3) A widening current account deficit, capital outflows, and currency depreciation have increased inflation and interest rates, constraining fiscal and monetary policy options.
The impact of covid-19 on tourism industry in bangladeshAkramulRatul1
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global tourism industry through widespread travel restrictions and a decline in demand. International tourist arrivals are estimated to decrease by 20-30% in 2020, resulting in $30-50 billion in lost revenue. Tourism-reliant sectors like hotels, restaurants, casinos, cruises, and retail are struggling with less business. Countries like China, India, Singapore and Japan saw large declines in foreign visitors of over 50% in early 2020. Many interconnected industries are affected by the downturn in tourism caused by the pandemic.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF TRANSPORT AND POWER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON TH...IAEME Publication
UAE as an autonomous country got constituted during the year 1971 by joining
together seven different autonomous and independent emirates. Through meticulous
planning and farsightedness, the country has set a development trend which is unique
in the Arabian Peninsula as well as to the entire world. The wealth and richness of the
country can be mainly attributed to the inflow of petrol income coupled with the
farsightedness and vision of the founding fathers of the nation in deploying the income
towards proper avenues of investment. Ever since its formation, the country has been
giving core attention to the development of infrastructure in the form of
transportation, construction and power generation. Now the country is equipped with
world class infrastructure and is the focal place of attention of other countries of the
world. Since the prime source of revenue is the petrol income, the performance of
UAE economy fluctuates from time to time due to the high volatility in oil prices and
its demand globally. Hence, the country has started laying the foundation for a total
restructuring by focusing on the development of infrastructure and other diversified
portfolios in business so that the primary dependence on petrol could be reduced.
Since 1990’s the country has been investing heavily in building up infrastructure so as
to attract foreign capital for its development. Even though there occurred
uncertainties in petrol income during the last two decades, the country could manage
its GDP growth rate through development in infrastructure and other related
industries. The country has gained appreciable improvement in formation of gross
fixed capital through infrastructure development, which in fact acted as a cushion of
growth during periods of uncertainties caused by fluctuations in petrol price. This
study is an effort to find out the relationship between development of infrastructure
and its impact on the economic development of UAE by considering various elements
in infrastructure such as transportation, power generation and construction. From the
study, it is found that there exists strong relationship between the economic growth of
a country like UAE and its infrastructure development.
This document summarizes tourism in Africa and its potential for economic growth. It finds that tourism currently contributes over $36 billion to Africa's GDP and is responsible for millions of jobs. However, Africa faces constraints like inadequate air and road transport that hamper tourism. If these constraints are addressed, tourism could be a significant driver of economic development across Africa by harnessing the region's natural and cultural assets. The document outlines opportunities and constraints to expanding Africa's tourism industry.
Ravaged lands an investigation of factors affecting pakistan’s tourism industryAlexander Decker
The document discusses factors affecting Pakistan's tourism industry after the US-led war on terror. It examines how cultural factors, societal factors, and security issues have impacted tourist activities in northern Pakistan. A study was conducted using a questionnaire to prove that cultural factors had a more significant negative impact on tourism than other factors. The tourism industry in Pakistan was "completely obliterated" after the war on terror began in 2001 due to security issues from terrorism and religious extremism.
Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net Bangladesh ...ijtsrd
Poverty reduction is the most important challenge for Bangladesh and the social safety net SSN program is the mainstay of poverty alleviation strategies. Over the last decade, the country has increased safety net budget significantly and has achieved remarkable success in poverty reduction. The Government of Bangladesh has allocated 7.65 billion US dollars for social safety net programs in the financial year 2018 2019, but this expenditure is not sufficient in the context of the present situation. Insufficient tax revenue is the main barrier to effective public spending. In addition, institutional incapacity and poor tax compliance made the country's tax GDP ratio is only 10.6 . To become a poverty free nation, Bangladesh needs a sufficient revenue base to spend on SSN program. Shake Mohammed Humayun Kabir "Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net: Bangladesh Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25277.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/25277/poverty-reduction-and-government-expenditure-on-social-safety-net-bangladesh-perspective/shake-mohammed-humayun-kabir
Egypt as a potential market for foreign and home-grown industriesTouseef Ahmed
Analysis of Egypt as a potential market for foreign and home-grown industries in the next years. Entry modes for a foreign company to set itself into Egyptian market.
The security situation in Afghanistan deteriorated further in 2016 as the Taliban gained more territory and influence following the withdrawal of NATO troops. The Afghan National Security Forces struggled to combat the Taliban-led insurgency despite being trained and armed by the US. High levels of violence from the Taliban and other militant groups like the Islamic State continued to threaten stability. The country remains at risk of ongoing conflict and instability in 2017.
Impact assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak on international tourismFedericaAmbrogi1
- UNWTO estimates that international tourist arrivals could decline by 20-30% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a loss of $300-450 billion in tourism receipts. This would represent a decline of 290-440 million international tourists and a setback of 5-7 years.
- Countries with over 5,000 reported COVID-19 cases such as China, Italy, the US, and Spain collectively represent 34% of global tourism arrivals and 39% of global tourism receipts. The pandemic is having an unprecedented social and economic impact on the tourism sector.
- Coordinated fiscal and monetary measures are urgently needed to protect jobs, support businesses, and accelerate
An Analysis of Constraints to Economic and Trade Cooperation between the Chin...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The constraints in the economic and trade cooperation of the China-Africa community of shared future that cannot neglect. The main constraints to the development of China-Africa economic cooperation include the imbalance of China-Africa economic and trade, the unitary commodity structure, and competition in the international market. There are differences in the political and legal values between China and Africa. Western developed countries restrict and exclude the economic cooperation between the Chinese and African communities, fabricate the China threat theory, and seek energy and political interests to disrupt the smooth development of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation.
The document provides an overview of risks and opportunities for businesses in India in 2017. The top 5 risks are identified as public protests/social unrest, cybersecurity issues, corruption, natural disasters, and Maoist insurgency. The top 5 enablers for businesses are identified as the demonetization move, implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, easier availability of capital, a more business friendly compliance and tax regime, and increased mobile and internet penetration. The overall business climate in India is assessed to improve in 2017 due to macroeconomic reforms and efforts by the government and states to boost growth and investment.
This study evaluates tourism in Bangladesh and its contribution to GDP. It analyzes secondary data from 2010-2011 on tourism revenues, growth rates, and contributions to GDP. The study finds that while tourism growth fluctuated year to year, its overall contribution to GDP increased from 7% to 9.44% during the period examined. The top reasons for tourists visiting Bangladesh are to enjoy natural scenery (46%) and for religious purposes (41%), with smaller percentages visiting for business, study, or other reasons. The study concludes that tourism has significant untapped potential to contribute to Bangladesh's economy and recommends developing infrastructure and diversifying tourism offerings to realize this potential.
An evaluative study on tourism in bangladesh (2)Alexander Decker
This document provides an evaluative study of tourism in Bangladesh. It analyzes secondary data from sources like the Bangladesh Economic Review 2010 and World Travel & Tourism Council to assess different aspects of tourism and its contribution to Bangladesh's GDP. Some key findings are:
- Tourism contributes around 9.44% to Bangladesh's GDP and has been one of the fastest growing sectors.
- Major forms of tourism include natural site seeing (46% of tourists), religious tourism (41%), and business tourism (3.36%). Popular tourist destinations in Bangladesh's divisions are described.
- Recommendations are made to further develop tourism infrastructure and diversify tourism offerings through public-private partnerships to maximize tourism's economic benefits for Bangladesh.
This document provides an overview of future plans and initiatives to develop tourism in Bangladesh by 2100. It discusses establishing tourism master plans to explore potential tourist spots, the Beza tourism initiative to transform Cox's Bazar into a tourism hub through the development of three tourism parks, and the plans for Naf Tourism Park on Jaliardwip Island off the coast of Teknaf. The initiatives aim to generate billions for the economy and hundreds of thousands of new jobs through tourism development.
Main directions of improvement of the process of investment attractionSubmissionResearchpa
this fast-changing world, conflicts of interest and rivalry between countries are growing. In such a difficult international environment, it is important to keep our country competitive in the region and in the world by Bustonov Mansurjon Mardonakulovich and Abdurakhmanova Mukhtasar Fazliddin qizi 2020. Main directions of improvement of the process of investment attraction. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 6 (Jun. 2020), 19-25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i6.395. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/395/372 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/395
saia_EPF Drivers of Regional Integration_EDIP_20160203 webIvan Oliveira
This document discusses how global value chains have disrupted traditional concepts of regional integration. The fragmentation of production processes across borders has complicated analyses of trade, comparative advantage, and regional production spaces. However, some of the most successful value chain development, such as in China, still had strong regional dimensions, with production tasks transferring between nearby economies like China, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. Looking ahead, modern regional integration must address wider issues that demand more uniform regulations across larger spaces, while also allowing for local variation. Global value chains did not eliminate the regional concept, but have made it more complex and multi-dimensional.
Contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to theAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contribution of the hospitality and tourism sector to local community development in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. It finds that the municipality received GH¢122,877.90 in tourism revenue in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of 162.2%, but revenue fell to GH¢18,122.5 in 2011 due to lack of marketing and institutional issues. The document recommends capacity building for local communities, improved tourism marketing and promotion, greater private sector participation, and diverse tourism products to strengthen the sector's contributions to development.
The Covid-19 Pandemic and Economic Fallout in South Asia.
Coherent national strategies, backed by regional cooperation efforts, offer a way forward for economic recovery in South Asia, which is rapidly becoming the next COVID-19 global hotspot. Challenges and policies relating to macroeconomics, health, economic sectors, stimulus measures, and reforms, which are all crucial for the region’s recovery are discussed.
Women in Hospitality Challenges Admits Covid 19 Global PandemicYogeshIJTSRD
Before the COVID, there were more than 2.3 million visitors in Sri Lanka. Travel and tourism income remained a significant contributor to the national economy. By 2022, Colombo will open more than 14 hotel projects in its pipeline to meet the growing number of passengers as per the industry strategy. Sri Lanka reported around 60 of its occupancy last year, but key indicators of Easter terrorist attacks revealed less than 2018 in April 2019. It has been predicted, for example, that 25,000 30,000 additional employees would be needed per year to accommodate for the expected rise in guest arrivals to the region, post COVID forecast. Still, only less than 1,000 hotel management training graduates have generated annually, as per the tourism industry higher educational institute figures. It needs to build a good picture of the hotel industry to draw more women into the workforce to bridge the markets expanding labour shortage, to meet state economic objectives, more efficiently. The industry is offering equal opportunities for woman from its initiation in 1966 after the II world war and expansion in the same year with the approval of parliaments Act No. 10 of 1966. CL De Silva | DACS De Silva "Women in Hospitality: Challenges Admits Covid-19 Global Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41193.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comeconomics/development-economics/41193/women-in-hospitality-challenges-admits-covid19-global-pandemic/cl-de-silva
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE JORDANIAN ECONOMY AND ENTERPRISESectijjournal
This study investigates the impact of Covid-19 on Jordan's economic climate as well as Jordanian
enterprises. Starting with observing the procedures taken by the government of Jordan, then a discussion
and overview of the economic effect of the epidemic, and finally a discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on
enterprises in Jordan. The Results of this paper conclude that there is an economic impact of coronavirus
across the whole country. The impact is determined not only by the ramifications of the virus's spread on
the larger economy but also by the form of the government's reaction, which includes mobility restrictions
and other emergency measures, as well as Jordan's main development partners' support and the indirect
impacts caused by companies' responses to problems they have experienced, such as layoffs and wage
reductions to save expenses, when reporting repercussions. The study covers a period of two years from
2019 to 2020.
The document provides an overview of the tourism and hospitality industry in India. Some key points:
- India's foreign exchange earnings from tourism increased 20.8% in CY2017 to US$27.693 billion, and grew 10.2% during January-September 2018 to US$21.56 billion.
- The tourism sector accounted for 8% of India's total employment in 2017 and is expected to provide 52.3 million jobs by 2028.
- Domestic spending will be the major driver of growth, estimated to account for around 88.8% of tourism revenues by 2028 compared to 87.2% in 2017.
The Hospitality industry is one of the largest service industries in India. Despite seeing the least hotel occupancy in the past two years, this sector will promise robust growth over time with new travel concepts and innovative hotel projects. The growth of the Indian hotel market is based on the rising domestic and foreign tourism.
Approximately 300 hotels will come up in India over the next three years, constituting about 17% of Asis’s hotel constructions pipeline. India has the second largest number of hotels (292) under construction after Chine (592). The hotel projects under construction include projects from companies such as Four Seasons, Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group, Hilton Worldwide, Hyatt Hotel Corp., and Indian Hotels.
1) Indonesia has experienced strong economic growth in recent decades but faces short-term challenges including a slowing economy, widening budget deficit, and currency depreciation due to capital outflows.
2) Weakening commodity prices and slowing investment have reduced GDP growth to an estimated 5.5% in 2013 and 5.0% in the medium term, down from over 5.9% in 2008-2012.
3) A widening current account deficit, capital outflows, and currency depreciation have increased inflation and interest rates, constraining fiscal and monetary policy options.
The impact of covid-19 on tourism industry in bangladeshAkramulRatul1
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global tourism industry through widespread travel restrictions and a decline in demand. International tourist arrivals are estimated to decrease by 20-30% in 2020, resulting in $30-50 billion in lost revenue. Tourism-reliant sectors like hotels, restaurants, casinos, cruises, and retail are struggling with less business. Countries like China, India, Singapore and Japan saw large declines in foreign visitors of over 50% in early 2020. Many interconnected industries are affected by the downturn in tourism caused by the pandemic.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF TRANSPORT AND POWER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON TH...IAEME Publication
UAE as an autonomous country got constituted during the year 1971 by joining
together seven different autonomous and independent emirates. Through meticulous
planning and farsightedness, the country has set a development trend which is unique
in the Arabian Peninsula as well as to the entire world. The wealth and richness of the
country can be mainly attributed to the inflow of petrol income coupled with the
farsightedness and vision of the founding fathers of the nation in deploying the income
towards proper avenues of investment. Ever since its formation, the country has been
giving core attention to the development of infrastructure in the form of
transportation, construction and power generation. Now the country is equipped with
world class infrastructure and is the focal place of attention of other countries of the
world. Since the prime source of revenue is the petrol income, the performance of
UAE economy fluctuates from time to time due to the high volatility in oil prices and
its demand globally. Hence, the country has started laying the foundation for a total
restructuring by focusing on the development of infrastructure and other diversified
portfolios in business so that the primary dependence on petrol could be reduced.
Since 1990’s the country has been investing heavily in building up infrastructure so as
to attract foreign capital for its development. Even though there occurred
uncertainties in petrol income during the last two decades, the country could manage
its GDP growth rate through development in infrastructure and other related
industries. The country has gained appreciable improvement in formation of gross
fixed capital through infrastructure development, which in fact acted as a cushion of
growth during periods of uncertainties caused by fluctuations in petrol price. This
study is an effort to find out the relationship between development of infrastructure
and its impact on the economic development of UAE by considering various elements
in infrastructure such as transportation, power generation and construction. From the
study, it is found that there exists strong relationship between the economic growth of
a country like UAE and its infrastructure development.
This document summarizes tourism in Africa and its potential for economic growth. It finds that tourism currently contributes over $36 billion to Africa's GDP and is responsible for millions of jobs. However, Africa faces constraints like inadequate air and road transport that hamper tourism. If these constraints are addressed, tourism could be a significant driver of economic development across Africa by harnessing the region's natural and cultural assets. The document outlines opportunities and constraints to expanding Africa's tourism industry.
Ravaged lands an investigation of factors affecting pakistan’s tourism industryAlexander Decker
The document discusses factors affecting Pakistan's tourism industry after the US-led war on terror. It examines how cultural factors, societal factors, and security issues have impacted tourist activities in northern Pakistan. A study was conducted using a questionnaire to prove that cultural factors had a more significant negative impact on tourism than other factors. The tourism industry in Pakistan was "completely obliterated" after the war on terror began in 2001 due to security issues from terrorism and religious extremism.
Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net Bangladesh ...ijtsrd
Poverty reduction is the most important challenge for Bangladesh and the social safety net SSN program is the mainstay of poverty alleviation strategies. Over the last decade, the country has increased safety net budget significantly and has achieved remarkable success in poverty reduction. The Government of Bangladesh has allocated 7.65 billion US dollars for social safety net programs in the financial year 2018 2019, but this expenditure is not sufficient in the context of the present situation. Insufficient tax revenue is the main barrier to effective public spending. In addition, institutional incapacity and poor tax compliance made the country's tax GDP ratio is only 10.6 . To become a poverty free nation, Bangladesh needs a sufficient revenue base to spend on SSN program. Shake Mohammed Humayun Kabir "Poverty Reduction and Government Expenditure on Social Safety Net: Bangladesh Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25277.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/25277/poverty-reduction-and-government-expenditure-on-social-safety-net-bangladesh-perspective/shake-mohammed-humayun-kabir
Egypt as a potential market for foreign and home-grown industriesTouseef Ahmed
Analysis of Egypt as a potential market for foreign and home-grown industries in the next years. Entry modes for a foreign company to set itself into Egyptian market.
The security situation in Afghanistan deteriorated further in 2016 as the Taliban gained more territory and influence following the withdrawal of NATO troops. The Afghan National Security Forces struggled to combat the Taliban-led insurgency despite being trained and armed by the US. High levels of violence from the Taliban and other militant groups like the Islamic State continued to threaten stability. The country remains at risk of ongoing conflict and instability in 2017.
Impact assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak on international tourismFedericaAmbrogi1
- UNWTO estimates that international tourist arrivals could decline by 20-30% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a loss of $300-450 billion in tourism receipts. This would represent a decline of 290-440 million international tourists and a setback of 5-7 years.
- Countries with over 5,000 reported COVID-19 cases such as China, Italy, the US, and Spain collectively represent 34% of global tourism arrivals and 39% of global tourism receipts. The pandemic is having an unprecedented social and economic impact on the tourism sector.
- Coordinated fiscal and monetary measures are urgently needed to protect jobs, support businesses, and accelerate
An Analysis of Constraints to Economic and Trade Cooperation between the Chin...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The constraints in the economic and trade cooperation of the China-Africa community of shared future that cannot neglect. The main constraints to the development of China-Africa economic cooperation include the imbalance of China-Africa economic and trade, the unitary commodity structure, and competition in the international market. There are differences in the political and legal values between China and Africa. Western developed countries restrict and exclude the economic cooperation between the Chinese and African communities, fabricate the China threat theory, and seek energy and political interests to disrupt the smooth development of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation.
The document provides an overview of risks and opportunities for businesses in India in 2017. The top 5 risks are identified as public protests/social unrest, cybersecurity issues, corruption, natural disasters, and Maoist insurgency. The top 5 enablers for businesses are identified as the demonetization move, implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, easier availability of capital, a more business friendly compliance and tax regime, and increased mobile and internet penetration. The overall business climate in India is assessed to improve in 2017 due to macroeconomic reforms and efforts by the government and states to boost growth and investment.
This study evaluates tourism in Bangladesh and its contribution to GDP. It analyzes secondary data from 2010-2011 on tourism revenues, growth rates, and contributions to GDP. The study finds that while tourism growth fluctuated year to year, its overall contribution to GDP increased from 7% to 9.44% during the period examined. The top reasons for tourists visiting Bangladesh are to enjoy natural scenery (46%) and for religious purposes (41%), with smaller percentages visiting for business, study, or other reasons. The study concludes that tourism has significant untapped potential to contribute to Bangladesh's economy and recommends developing infrastructure and diversifying tourism offerings to realize this potential.
An evaluative study on tourism in bangladesh (2)Alexander Decker
This document provides an evaluative study of tourism in Bangladesh. It analyzes secondary data from sources like the Bangladesh Economic Review 2010 and World Travel & Tourism Council to assess different aspects of tourism and its contribution to Bangladesh's GDP. Some key findings are:
- Tourism contributes around 9.44% to Bangladesh's GDP and has been one of the fastest growing sectors.
- Major forms of tourism include natural site seeing (46% of tourists), religious tourism (41%), and business tourism (3.36%). Popular tourist destinations in Bangladesh's divisions are described.
- Recommendations are made to further develop tourism infrastructure and diversify tourism offerings through public-private partnerships to maximize tourism's economic benefits for Bangladesh.
This document provides an overview of future plans and initiatives to develop tourism in Bangladesh by 2100. It discusses establishing tourism master plans to explore potential tourist spots, the Beza tourism initiative to transform Cox's Bazar into a tourism hub through the development of three tourism parks, and the plans for Naf Tourism Park on Jaliardwip Island off the coast of Teknaf. The initiatives aim to generate billions for the economy and hundreds of thousands of new jobs through tourism development.
5 prospect and-strategy-for-tourism-developmentNazmul Alam
1. The tourism industry in Bangladesh has grown in recent decades but remains underdeveloped compared to its potential. It accounted for just 2.2% of GDP in 2013.
2. The Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation was formed in 1971 to develop tourism but various plans were not properly implemented. Both public and private sectors have invested in the industry.
3. The main types of tourism in Bangladesh are site tourism (46% of tourists), business tourism (42%), and religious tourism (3.4%). Medical tourism remains untapped due to issues with healthcare infrastructure and legal systems.
Impact of Covid 19 on Tourism Sector in Nagaland An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
With the outbreak of corona virus and subsequent lockdown restrictions has adversely impacted the global economy and India is no exception. This pandemic has deeply impacted on the tourism sectors as all the tourism activities was stand hold to contain the spreading of corona virus. This paper discussed about the origin of covid 19, highlight of covid 19 all over India and Nagaland. This paper also enlighten with rural tourism which we also called as community tourism, in respect to some selected villages. One of the major event contributors to the growth of tourism sector in Nagaland is -˜Hornbill festival’. This hornbill festival generated business worth of Rs. 100.73 crores revenue from investment of Rs.4 crores, giving around 8000 plus employment jobs to Nagaland economy during the year 2019. However, due to covid 19 pandemic, the Nagaland Government has decided to go complete virtual celebration of Hornbill festival 2020 and therefore the income and employment generated in previous years are recorded as losses and cannot be quantified due to the ongoing pandemic. Based on the challenges of tourism, this paper have brings out some policies and recommendations which needs to be dealt by the Nagaland government after the Pandemic crisis to revive the local tourism. The government should focus on the promotion of domestic and rural tourism as a short term strategy which could be the major contributor to the growth of eco tourism sector in Nagaland. Dr. Aomatsung "Impact of Covid 19 on Tourism Sector in Nagaland: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43759.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/43759/impact-of-covid-19-on-tourism-sector-in-nagaland-an-overview/dr-aomatsung
Travel and tourism made a significant contribution to Qatar's economy in 2016.
- The direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP was QAR18.9bn (3.4% of total GDP) and it supported 116,000 jobs directly (6.5% of total employment).
- The total contribution of travel and tourism to Qatar's GDP, including indirect and induced impacts, was QAR56.1bn (10.1% of GDP) and it supported 194,000 jobs (10.8% of total employment).
Role of Tourism in Economic Development A Case Study of Koraput District of O...ijtsrd
Tourism and hospitality is an important parameter of socio cultural identity and heritage of a country. In the era of globalization tourism and hospitality enhances the economic growth by job creation, source of foreign exchange and development of regions with potential for tourism. According to World Travel and Tourism Council 2014 , the contribution of travel and tourism in world GDP is estimated to increase from 9.5 of GDP in 2013 to 10.3 of GDP in 2024 WTTC, 2014 .Tourism and hospitality industry contributes 6.8 of GDP of India, contributes 7.7 in total employment generated and provides foreign exchange of US 18.13 billion . The tourism and hospitality sector is the third largest source of foreign exchange for India. The investment in tourism creates more jobs as compared to other sectors of economy. An investment of Rs. 10 lakh in tourism sector is estimated to create 89 jobs in hospitality industry as compared to 45 jobs in agriculture and 13 jobs in manufacturing sector Planning Commission .Hotel industry generates revenues of US 400 500 billion annually. In India tourism and hospitality has emerged as a sunrise industry with rise in number of foreign tourists. Shri Arun Kumar Tripathy | Shri Kishore Kumar Patra "Role of Tourism in Economic Development: A Case Study of Koraput District of Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47833.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47833/role-of-tourism-in-economic-development-a-case-study-of-koraput-district-of-odisha/shri-arun-kumar-tripathy
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND IMPACT IN INCLUSIVE GROWTH OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN IN...DrVinayJoshi
The travel and tourism industry has emerges as one of the rapidly growing service sectors contributing significantly to global economic growth and development. In developing countries like Indian tourism has become one of the important sectors of the economy, contributing to a large proportion of the national income and generating huge employment opportunities. Tourism is one of the largest service industries in terms of gross revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Tourism growth has implications for employment, as tourism generates employment at all skill levels. This paper attempts to estimate total direct employment generated in India by foreign tourism. This paper discusses how India is emerging as popular tourist destination in the world, driven by the focus on innovation and creating value for tourist. It also examines the impact of India’s economic growth on tourism, Contributors to economic growth, Role of Tourism industry in India’s GDP. The paper also explores that there has been a tremendous growth in tourism in India because of the policies of the government and support from all levels.
The document is a report from the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) on the economic impact of travel and tourism in Barbados in 2013. Some key points:
- Travel and tourism directly contributed BBD1.1 billion (11.9% of GDP) to Barbados' economy in 2012 and supported 15,000 jobs (12.1% of total).
- Total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in 2012 was BBD3.7 billion (39.4% of GDP) and supported 49,000 jobs (38.8% of total).
- Visitor exports from international tourists were BBD2.3 billion in 2012 and are forecast to reach BBD2.
Social media Impact on Tourism Industry Report by n@s!mNasim Khan
The document summarizes the findings of a 2017 travel survey conducted in Bangladesh that examined the impact of social media on the country's tourism industry. Key findings included that 55% of students and staff live within 10 miles of the surveyed universities and have the greatest potential to adopt more sustainable travel. Financial considerations, convenience and travel duration were found to influence travel choices. Comparisons to previous surveys found small increases in travel frequency and shifts toward more sustainable modes of transportation. The survey results will help inform sustainable travel plans and encourage more environmentally-friendly travel options.
Capacity Building for Tourism Infrastructure: A case of Tourism influenced re...IRJET Journal
This document discusses capacity building for tourism infrastructure in tourism-influenced regions of Uttar Pradesh, India. It focuses on issues related to solid waste management and transportation infrastructure in religious and historical tourist destinations. International tourism contributes significantly to income, employment, and foreign exchange globally. However, high tourism influx can overload physical infrastructure and services without proper inclusive planning and management. There is a need to build infrastructure capacity in tourist regions to support tourism potential and upgrade residents' lifestyles. The relationship between a region's tourism potential and determinants of infrastructure like transportation and solid waste management is examined. Recommendations for policy formulation to support sustainable urban development and tourism in these regions are proposed.
Culture and tourism have a mutually beneficial relationship that can strengthen regions and make them more attractive and competitive. Tourism provides income to support cultural heritage and creativity, while culture enhances tourism. India has seen rapid growth in tourism, generating 9.2% of GDP in 2018. India offers cultural diversity and heritage, with 38 UNESCO World Heritage sites. The government is working to promote niche tourism products and improve infrastructure to further boost the tourism sector.
Tourism Entrepreneurship in India: Its Untapped Potential and Challengesijtsrd
As being one of the growing influencers and as an economic powerhouse, potential of Tourism sector as a tool of development are undeniable. The Indian tourism sector is one of the most important service sectors which is not only contributing to employment generation, GDP, Foreign Exchange Earnings etc, but also serving as a back bone for allied sectors like hospitality, travel and transportation, hotels and resorts, tour operators, street vendors, home stays etc. All these activities are giving rise to the concept of -Tourism Entrepreneurship' in India. It refers to the business activities related to various tourism products, which give profits to the owner as well as contribute to the economy of India. The paper also studies about the enough untapped potential of tourism industry as well as entrepreneurship and the challenges faced by the industry in India. With all natural beauties such as rivers, beautiful forests with rare species of animals, seas, waterfalls, snow it have great potential to be one of the most preferred destinations in the world. In the 2018 economic impact report by WTTC, Gloria Guevara, president and chief executive of WTTC called India the Seventh largest travel and tourism economy in the world. Pallabi Bharali "Tourism Entrepreneurship in India: Its Untapped Potential and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29651.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/29651/tourism-entrepreneurship-in-india-its-untapped-potential-and-challenges/pallabi-bharali
TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTYash Shah
Tourism industry is experiencing tremendous expansion over the years as result of its inclusion into the national economic plan of developed and developing economies of the world. Developing economies have been enacting policies to expand tourism, as a source of reliable foreign exchange earning when traditional foreign exchange earning sector contribution becomes limited in GDP. Over the years, tourism has emerged as a major segment of the Indian economy, contributing substantially to the foreign exchange earnings and creating large-scale employment opportunities.
Tourism is a significant driver of economic and social development. It stimulates economic growth by generating income, employment, investment and exports. It also generates valuable spin-off benefits, including preservation of cultural heritage, improved infrastructure and local community facilities. The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) claims that tourism is currently the world’s largest industry with annual revenues of over $3 trillion dollars. This accelerating tourism industry is proved to be one of the important drivers of growth and prosperity, employment generation, raises national income and improvement in Balance of payments of the economy. It has generated a number of social and economic benefits, promotes national integration and international understanding, and creates employment opportunities to a large number of people and foreign exchange earnings.
Indian tourism sector is one of the most important service sectors of the Indian economy. Its contribution to employment generation, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Exchange earnings is tremendous and significant. Tourism sector is also considered as the back bone for allied sectors like hospitality, civil aviation, travel and transportation, hotel, resort, home stays, street venders, spice shops, tour operators etc. Every year both Central and State government has been investing huge amount for the development of tourism sector. This enhanced tourism sector is to be one of the important drivers of growth, employment creation, increase of national as well as individual income, improving the balance of payment position and foreign exchange earnings, improving people’s standard of living, level of consumption etc. India’s wide variety of all-season attraction provides huge opportunities for tourists. These attractions get developed for the socio-economic benefit of the local communities, especially to achieve more inclusive economic growth.
Cross border potentials to develop women entrepreneurshipali lacej
The document discusses developing women's entrepreneurship in tourism across borders. It recommends establishing a resource center for women in tourism and entrepreneurship to advocate for women, provide training programs and business support, and develop networks for women in business. Tourism is described as an important global industry that brings economic and social benefits but can also negatively impact the environment if not managed properly. Key components of the tourism industry and best practices are outlined.
Entrepreneurial approach to tourism development in omanIAEME Publication
This document discusses entrepreneurship and tourism development in Oman. It notes that Oman has focused on developing its tourism sector to diversify its economy beyond oil. Small and medium enterprises are driving job creation and growth in the tourism sector. The government's vision is for tourism to reflect Oman's culture and environment while providing economic and employment opportunities. Tourism brings in foreign exchange, generates government revenue, and creates numerous jobs directly and indirectly.
The document summarizes the economic impact of travel and tourism in St. Lucia in 2013. It finds that:
- Travel and tourism directly contributed XCD455.7mn (13.3%) to St. Lucia's GDP in 2012, and this is forecast to rise to XCD478.2mn in 2013.
- The total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP (including indirect and induced impacts) was XCD1,338.6mn (39.0%) in 2012, and is forecast to rise to XCD1,394.9mn in 2013.
- Travel and tourism directly supported 13,500 jobs (18.6%) in St. Lucia in 2012, and this
Multiattribute attitude measurement of incredible india campaignAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated India's "Incredible India" tourism campaign. It used a questionnaire to measure foreign tourists' attitudes toward various elements of the campaign. The study found the mean overall attitude score was 184.29 out of a possible 300, indicating a generally positive attitude. The campaign was launched in 2002 to boost India's struggling tourism industry after several crises. It has since helped significantly grow tourism in India and increase its share of GDP and employment.
This document provides an overview of tourism in India and discusses the topic of aesthetic pollution. It begins with an introduction to tourism, outlining its economic and social impacts. It then discusses the history of tourism policy development in India, from the first tourism policy in 1982 to the current "Incredible India" campaign. The document also provides statistical information on foreign tourist arrivals and earnings in India from 2000-2010. It notes that while tourism growth has been impressive, India's share of global tourism is still quite small. The document concludes by introducing the topic of aesthetic pollution and its economic consequences.
Similar to Potential unexplored tourism and economic growth of bangladesh[#694179] 982065 (20)
The proliferation of the Urban Microfinance and its problems and prospects in...Basharat Hossain
The goal of this article is to inspect the current status, problems and, prospects of
urban microfinance in Bangladesh. This article employs the descriptive research methods based
on secondary data. This paper Illustrates the present scenario of urban microfinance by using
tables, graphs and the trend analysis. This paper finds that the urban microfinance in
Bangladesh has been growing tremendously during the last decades. During the 2006-2017
period, the number of members within the urban microfinance program has increased by
110.69%. Besides the amount of loan amount disbursed in the urban microfinance program has
increased by 110.54 % during the last four years (2014-2017). Also, the rate of increases of the
total net savings of the urban microfinance members (373.33%) was higher than the rate of
increases of the total net savings of the rural microfinance members (152.36%) during the 2009-
2017 period. The loan Interest rate varies in between 15% and 30%. With regards to recovering
the loan amount, 95% of the microfinance institutions (MFIs) apply the flat interest rate while the
remaining 5% of the MFIs use the declining method.
Poverty Reduction during 1971-2013 Periods: Success and its Recent Trends in ...Basharat Hossain
This paper analyses data on poverty for 1971-2013 periods and finds that, Bangladesh
reduces national poverty by 55.82 percent during these periods. Moreover, nearly 44 percent
people are found extremely poor who earn less than $1.25 per day and 77 percent people are
moderately poor who earn less than $2 per day. Though, absolute income poverty declines but
income inequality rises by 30 percent in these periods. However, different international indexes
disclose that, Bangladesh also reduces human poverty. Bangladesh is no longer the member of
‘alarmingly hunger countries’ and will become the member of ‘Medium human development
countries’ by 2014. Besides, about 58 percent people are found multi-dimensionally poor, who
suffer from overlapping deprivations in health, education and standard of living. Finally, this
paper makes a comparison between Bangladesh and other south Asian countries and finds that,
Bangladesh has the highest level of poverty followed by India in this region.
Maslahah based Production Ensures Peace in the World Economy Compared to the ...Basharat Hossain
Maslahah means public benefit and welfare. This paper uses secondary data and analyzed the impact of two non-Maslahah products (alcohol and tobacco) and two non-Maslahah services (gambling and prostitution) on the global peace. The findings implied that, non-Maslahah products and services create impediments to attain and maintain the peace in the world economy. Alcohol produces 200 diseases and was the cause of 3.2% of global death in 2016. Tobacco is the causes of the death of over 7 million people globally in 2017 by generating cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Gambling causes mental depression, violence in family and society, losses of economic resources. Prostitution disgraces the dignity of women and also produces several diseases, including HIV/AIDS that causes the death of 36.7 million people worldwide. Besides, it creates the hate against women by producing pornography. Conversely, Maslahah product and service such as Juice, rice, interest free banking only provide useful outcome to attain global peace. Finally, this paper recommends the ways to eliminate the production of non-Maslahah product from the economy.
Key Words: Maslahah, Non-Maslahah, Islamic Economics, Peace, World economy
A Discussion on the Concept of Maslahah and Non-Maslahah
Maslahah (مَصْلَحَة) is an Arabic word that originated from the noun ‘Salaha (صلح)’. The plural form is Masaalih (مَصَالِح). The literal meaning is good, right, appropriate, pious, good-will or friendly feelings, peacemaking, useful, beneficial and constructive (Almaany, 2017).
Terminologically, Maslahah can be defined as the consideration of those factors which obtains or ensures the benefit and welfare or inhibits the harms and also complies the aim and theme as well as the intention of the Islamic shariah (Al-Syatibi 2003, Al Ghazali). In addition, Maslahah ensures the five essential things of the life, namely faith, life, intellect, lineage and property (Mannan, 1984).
Islamic economists develop and employ the concept of Maslahah instead of the concept of utility. According to them, Maslahah is the superior concept of the utility. Utility is the property or power of the goods and services that satisfy the human needs and wants. On the contrary, Islamic economists define the Maslahah as the utility along with the useful and welfare characteristics. Hence, a product may have utility, but may not have Maslahah. Conversely, all Maslahah products have utility. For instance, fruit juice has utility and Maslahah while wine has only utility, but not have Maslahah (Mannan, 1984).
However, non-Maslahah can be used as the synonym of Mafsadah (evil). The literal meaning is harm, bad, deteriorate, perish and destroy. So a product or service may be defined as non-Maslahah product which has harmful effects for the five indispensable elements of the human life (Mannan, 1984). For example; tobacco, tobacco products, alcohol, charging usury or interest etc.
Islamic Microfinance and Rehabilitation Model for the Slum and Floating Popul...Basharat Hossain
This paper designs a conceptual model of Islamic microfinance and reha-bilitation by using the waqf funds for the slum and floating population. It analyzes both the primary and the secondary data on the current status of Islamic microfinance cover-age (in thirteen countries), waqf estates (in seven countries), and the slum and floating population in thirty five Muslim countries of the world. The primary data was accumu-lated on 150 microfinance borrowers and 100 non-borrowers of Bangladesh. This pa-per presents a multifunctional structure of an autonomous waqf management institution to execute the model of this paper. This institution will be formed by the joint venture of the government, the national, as well as international Islamic agencies. Furthermore, this model will be implemented through five stages, the revival and registration of the waqf estate, accumulation of funds, initiating the Islamic microfinance and rehabilita-tion for the slum population, and finally, forward linkage that may help the slum people to contribute to the society
Keywords: Waqf, Islamic Microfinance, Rehabilitation, Slum population, Muslim countries.
JEL Classification: G21, O21, Z12 KAUJIE Classification: E23, H15, S4
Application of Islamic Consumer Theory: An Empirical Analysis in the Context ...Basharat Hossain
This paper presents the results of a survey on 184 graduate students in economics at Dhaka University, Bangladesh regarding the application of Islamic consumer theory. The majority of respondents consider the concepts of halal and haram in economic transactions and oppose interest-based systems. They also think religious concepts like zakat and awqaf should be included in economics curricula. The paper provides an overview of Islamic consumer theory assumptions and principles, which differ from conventional theories by including ethical and religious dimensions. It discusses debates around applying Islamic consumer theory and presents the survey findings as evidence it can be relevant in Bangladesh.
Identifying Presence of Gharar in the Buying and Selling Mechanism under Diff...Basharat Hossain
This document discusses the presence of Gharar (uncertainty or ambiguity) in different market structures. It finds that Gharar exists at the highest levels in monopoly markets due to a single producer having full control over information. Oligopoly and monopolistic competition also experience high Gharar due to some control over information and product differentiation. Perfect competition has the lowest Gharar as many buyers and sellers exchange identical goods with full information. The document also examines how promotional activities can increase Gharar through misleading advertisements or ambiguity in pricing. It recommends ensuring perfect information disclosure and regulating monopoly power to reduce Gharar in economic transactions.
Nexus between Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: Evidences from BangladeshBasharat Hossain
Bangladesh receives about $56.5 billion foreign aid during 1971-2012 periods. This
paper analyzes 33 years data for 1980-2012 periods to show the effects of foreign aid on the
economic growth of Bangladesh. This study estimates eight models including three for last three
decades (1980-1990, 1991-2001, 2002-2012), four for the four different government periods,
namely, Military government period (1982-1990), BNP (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) government
(1991-1995, 2002-2006) , BAL (Bangladesh Awami League) government (1996-2001, 2009-2012)
and the Whole Democratic government period (1991-2012) and one for entire period (1980-
2012). This research finds that, foreign aid has positive effect on the economic growth of
Bangladesh and it is statistically significant in two models. The contribution of aid to GDP is
falling overtime. This paper also reveals that the aid generates decreasing returns because of
capacity constraint of Bangladeshi institutions to utilize foreign aid effectively. This finding is
consistent with previous findings of different researches.
Keywords: oreign aid, effect, economic growth, government, bangladesh
Economics of Information and Advertising: A Comparative Analysis in View of C...Basharat Hossain
This document provides a comparative analysis of the conventional and Islamic economic theories of information and advertising.
The conventional theories view the market through a positive lens and promote maximizing profits and consumer utility, while ignoring ethical and social considerations. This can lead to unfair advertising practices. Islamic economics considers both positive and normative views, emphasizing ethics and social welfare.
The paper finds that Islamic theories are more effective because they prohibit dishonesty and manipulation of information. Integration of Islamic principles into conventional theories could help eliminate information asymmetries and unfair practices. While conventional theories cannot address issues like dishonesty, Islamic economics derives from the Quran and Hadith teachings on honesty and accountability in business.
Economic Rationalism and Consumption: Islamic PerspectiveBasharat Hossain
This paper presents a comparative view of Islamic economic rationalism and
consumption framework to its counterpart’s conventional capitalist and socialist
economic system. In conventional economic system, only self-interest and rationality
of the consumer is the main principle to maximize utility whereas moral, religious,
national, historical, cultural and social values are absent here. Consequently, the
consumers enjoy sovereignty with little or no intervention of regulatory authority to
maximize the utility. On the contrary, Islamic economic system designs its rationality
and consumption principle in moderation that is far away from extremism where
freedom and regulation is moderately recognized. Therefore, Islamic rationality
encourages the consumers to maximize his utility by insuring religious, national,
historical, cultural and social values. Besides, conventional economics have no
treatment to immoral activities of consumer while Islamic economics derived from
the Holy Quran and Hadith offers rewards and punishments for moral and immoral
activities in worldly and hereafter life.
Does Microfinance Matter for Women Borrowers? Recent Findings from BangladeshBasharat Hossain
This paper examines the impact of microfinance on some selected women borrower respondents of
Bangladesh, who have been selected through a systematic random survey process. This is a
quantitative research based on primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected
through a structured questionnaire on sixty women borrowers of the Dhaka City, Bangladesh. This
paper finds that microfinance has a highly significant positive impact on the income of these women
borrower respondents. Moreover, though microfinance encourages for savings and buying new
asset but it has no significant impact on their asset building and savings.Overall, there has been a
mixed outcome from this cross-sections data: microfinance has been found as a matter for women
borrowers’ income increasing aspects, whereas not much effective in increasing savings or building
up of assets. Finally the paper recommends some steps to increase effectiveness of microfinance
on the women borrowers, including expanding training facilities and lower interest rates particularly
for women borrowers
Do the Slum Dwellers Enjoy the Basic Constitutional and Economic Rights as a ...Basharat Hossain
Bangladesh is a country of about 156million people including nearly 7.81
million of slum people. This paper investigates 28 years data for 1986- 2014
periods on the living standard of slum dwellers of Bangladesh. It presents
the different forms of deprivations, sufferings and miseries of slum people
from basic needs including social, constitutional and economic rights.
More specifically, the wretchedness of slum dwellers in housing, drinking
water, sanitation, food intake, healthcare, education, employment, income
patterns, social status and security, economic and public assistance has
been explored in this paper. In addition, poverty scenario and services of
social organization among slum people has been focused in this paper.
Finally, it recommends some policies to improve the living conditions of
slum dwellers in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Slum Dwellers, Standard of Living, Basic Needs, Constitutional
and Economic rights, Bangladesh
JEL Classification Code: I31, I38, I13, I18, I25, E26, O18, O15, O17
Deadweight Loss in the Interest-based and the Interest-Free (Islamic) Microfi...Basharat Hossain
This document analyzes the deadweight losses in interest-based microfinance programs compared to interest-free (Islamic) microfinance programs. It uses secondary data from 20 microfinance institutions in 9 countries. The key findings are that consumer surplus is at least 3 times higher and producer surplus is higher in Islamic microfinance due to lower loan prices (profit rates of 0-15% vs interest rates of 15-35% in conventional programs). As a result, the quantity of loans demanded is higher under Islamic microfinance. The document recommends converting interest-based programs to Islamic models to improve member welfare.
Application of Islamic Consumer Theory: An Empirical Analysis in the Context ...Basharat Hossain
Abstract: One of the main goals of economics is to satisfy the wants of consumer. Like as conventional economics, Islamic economics has also its own law of consumption which is superior to that of conventional economics. This paper presents an empirical survey report on the application of Islamic consumer theory in Bangladesh.The survey is conducted on 184 graduate students of economics from university of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Besides, the consumption framework of Islamic economics has been discussed in this paper. The research finds that, the majority percent of respondents consider Halal (lawful), Haram (unlawful), economic disadvantages of other consumers, scope of reward and punishment in hereafter life (life after death) in their consumptions and other economic activities. The report explores that, though the wants is unlimited, the respondents are capable to control their wants and choose moderate and simple standard of living. In addition, they mentioned that, the use of interest is not essential to run economic activities and interest free economy is possible. It is found that, a large proportion of the respondents did not study Islamic economics due to unavailability of the reading materials in spite of having their interest while half of the respondents read it. Finally, the opinion is found that, religious and ethical instruments (Zakat, donation, hereafter life etc.) should be included in the syllabus of modern economics in school, college and university level. The findings satisfy the assumptions of Islamic consumption framework. Finally, it presents the problems, prospects and recommendations to apply the Islamic consumer theory in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Islamic Consumer Theory, Islamic economics, Consumption, Bangladesh
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Potential unexplored tourism and economic growth of bangladesh[#694179] 982065
1. Journal of Tourismology
DOI: 10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0031
http://jt.istanbul.edu.en/
Submitted: 23.09.2019
Revision Requested: 31.10.2019
Last Revision Received: 01.02.2020
Accepted: 19.02.2020
Published Online: 25.02.2020RESEARCH ARTICLE
Journal of Tourismology
1 Correspondence to: Basharat Hossain (Asst. Prof.), International Islamic University Chittagong, Faculty of Economics, Department of
Business Administration, Chattagram, Bangladesh. E-mail: basharatdu@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-6140-5392
2 Syed Naimul Wadood (Assoc. Prof.), University of Dhaka, Department of Economics, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
E-mail: snwadood@econdu.ac.bd ORCID: 0000-0001-7424-7282
To cite this article: Hossain, B., & Wadood, S. N. (2020). Potential unexplored? Tourism and economic growth of Bangladesh. Journal of
Tourismology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0031
Basharat Hossain1
, Syed Naimul Wadood2
Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
Abstract
This paper examines the potential effects of tourism on the economic growth of Bangladesh. It is a review paper of the
literature based on secondary data. This paper discusses various aspects regarding the effects of the tourism industry on
the overall economic progress of the country, including real GDP growth, infrastructural development and employment
generation. Since the tourism industry has a small share of revenue to the GDP of Bangladesh’s economy (at this moment),
its contribution to economic growth is limited till now. This paper finds that the current size of the Bangladesh tourism
economy is BDT 500 million. Besides, Bangladesh earned USD 1157 million from tourism sector during 2009-2018 period.
Each year, 0.55 million tourists (on average) visit Bangladesh in the same period. Moreover, it creates 2.23 million jobs
each year. The travel and tourism sector contributes 4.4% of the GDP in each year. Bangladesh’s government ensures a
lot of facilities for tourists.This article points out a number of issues that need to be considered in the tourism industry
to play a more significant role regarding economic growth, and the overall socio-economic development of Bangladesh.
Keywords
Impact, Tourism, Economic growth, Economic development, Banglades
JEL Classification
Z30, Z32
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
2. JOURNAL of TOURISMOLOGY
2
Introduction
Bangladesh is currently the 41st
of the largest economy of the world and the second
largest economy of South Asia, only next to India. Bangladesh is a south Asian and
lower-middle-income country with around 163.7 million populations. The current
size of Bangladesh’s GDP is USD 286 billion, with 8.13 per cent growth rate in 2018-
19 and it is estimated to be the 24th world largest economy by 2033 (Bangladesh
Economic Review (BER) 2019, Centre for Economics and Business Research
(CEBR), (2018). Apart from the service sector, the industry sector is the highest
contributing sector in this economy (35.14 per cent) followed by agriculture (13.61
per cent), transport and communication sectors (10.98 per cent) respectively
(BER, 2019). The industry sector covers four sub-sectors; these are: “mining and
quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply and construction.”
Table 1
The Bangladesh Economy: At A Glance
GDP 286 Billion USD (2018-19 Prov.)
GDP Growth Rate 8.13 per cent (2018-19 Prov.)
GDP Per Capita USD 1,827 (2019)
Population (in Million), Estimated 163.7 (2018)
Labor Force Participation Rate 58.2 per cent (2016-17)
Literacy Rate (7 Years and Above) 72.3 (Both Sexes), 74.3 (Male), 70.2 (Female), all 2017
Life Expectancy at Birth (Yrs) 72.0 (Both Sexes), 70.6 (Male),73.5 (Female), all 2017
Incidence of Poverty 21.8 per cent (Upper),11.3 per cent (Lower) (2018estimated)
Industry Contribution to GDP 35.14per cent (2018)
Transportation (Km.)
Road: 21,596(uptil Feb 2019) (includes 3,906 National)Rail: 3,956
(2017-18)
Inflation Rate (Average) 5.44 per cent (2017)
Workers’ Remittances 11,869 Million USD(July-March 2019)
Savings (asper cent of GDP) 28.41 (National) (2018-19 Prov.)
Investment (as per cent of GDP) 31.56 (Total Investment) 8.17 (Public) 23.4(Private) (2018-19 Prov.)
Current Account Balance (Negative) USD 4,270 Million (July-February 2019)
Export Earnings (f.o.b.)
27,563 Million USD(July-March 2019), of which: Ready-made
Garments and Knitwear Combined: 23,126 Million USD
Import Payments (f.o.b.) 37,839 Million USD (July-March 2019)
Earnings from Tourism 344 Million USD (2017)
Budget Deficit (including foreign
grants, per cent of GDP)
4.97
Source: BER (2019), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2019)
Correspondingly, the agriculture sector of Bangladesh consists of crops, animal
farming, forests, and fishing. Around 40.6 per cent of the total labor force is involved
in the agriculture sector, whereas another 20.4 per cent is involved in the industry
sector. Transport, storage, and communication sector comprise of land, water and
air transport, seaport transport, storage, and telecommunications. Moreover, the
Bangladesh economy holds approximately 0.40 per cent of the world economy’s
GDP (Trading Economics, 2019).
3. Hossain, Wadood / Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
3
The ready-made garments and knitwear are the largest source (83.9 per cent) of the
total export earnings (BER 2019). All other sectors (such as jute goods, frozen food,
agricultural products, etc.) jointly contribute the remaining 16.1 per cent. Hence it is
needed that other sectors grow fast, to reduce heavy export earnings dependence on the
ready-made garments and knitwear industry. We argue that tourism is one of the best
prospective sectors of Bangladesh to raise foreign exchange earnings, and this can
contribute to additions to economic development as well. Because it has a large number
of tourist spots, exquisite natural sights, pleasant environment, and tourist-friendly
weather, the amiable behavior of the people, safety and security of the tourists, etc.
Bangladesh earned an annual total of USD 344 million in 2017, USD 214.3 million in
2016, USD 150.3 million in 2015, way up from USD 79 million in 2006, from tourism
revenue (Choice for Economic and Investment Research (CEIC), 2019). The number of
tourist arrivals was at 830,068 in 2016 and 643,094 in 2015 (op. cit.). One point to be
noted is that Bangladesh did not achieve significant success in utilizing the tourism and
travel sector as compared to her Asian neighbors, such as Malaysia, Thailand, India,
and China. For example, in 2013, the (percentage) total contribution to GDP of tourism
with regards to Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, India and China was 4.4, 16.1, 20.2,
6.2 and 9.2 respectively, the same lowest position with regards to total contribution to
employment and capital investment in the tourism sector as well. As for information,
in 2013-14, tourism directly contributed around 2.1 per cent to Bangladesh’s GDP and
supported 1.3 million jobs (Planning Commission (2015), Table 5.3, pp. 270).
The goal of this paper is to assess the contribution of tourism on the economic
progress of Bangladesh. The organization of the paper is as follows. Section one
is the background of the study, whereas section two describes the objective of the
study, and section three is the overview of the literature. Section four describes the
methodology, while section five exhibits statistical results, and section six provides
recommendations and section seven concludes the article.
An Overviewof the Concept of Tourism
Tourism refers to the businesses that offer the services (e.g., transport, tourist spot
for visiting, or entertaining) for the person seeking to enjoy a vacation (Tourism, 2019).
The Collins dictionary delineates tourism as the commercial activities that arrange
the facilities for the people on holiday (Tourism, 2019a). Moreover, tourism can be
defined as the guidance and management of tourists (Tourism, 2019b). The United
Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines tourism in the following
sentence: “Tourism includes the actions of people visiting to and staying in locations
outer of their living place for equal or less than one successive year for relaxation,
trade, and other intentions”(UNWTO, 2010) (see Camilleri (2018) for a review of the
literature regarding the recent advancements in the tourism industry).
4. JOURNAL of TOURISMOLOGY
4
A Brief Overview of the Tourism Industry of Bangladesh
Bangladesh has a large number of tourist spots with fanciful natural sights and
beauties. The tourist sites include sea beaches, waterfalls, seaports, river ports,
mountains, tea gardens, mangrove forests, roadside green views, safari parks, eco-
parks, etc. Other tourist spots include historical monuments, religious monuments,
museums, military museums, zoos, entertainment parks, children parks; etc. Table 2
highlights some renowned tourist spots of Bangladesh.
Table 2
Tourists Spots of Bangladesh: At a Glance
Nature of Tourist Spots Name of Tourist Spots
Sea Beaches and its
Adjacent Locations
Cox’s Bazar Beach (longest natural, unbroken sea beach in the world,
stretching 120 kilometers, a top tourist destination), Inani Beach, Himchori
Waterfall and Hill Track, Laboni Beach, 100 Feet Buddha Statue. Ramu,
Ukhia, Bandarban, Rangamati, Sonadia Island, Patenga, Parkir Char, Teknaf,
Saint Martin’s Island and Sea Beach, Chandranath Hills (Sitakunda), Sajek
Valley (Rangamati), Nilachal (Bandarban), Kuakata Sea Beach (number two
tourist destination), Katka (Sundarbans)
Natural Parks
Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park (Gazipur), Dulhajra Safari Park
(Chattagram), Sitakunda Eco Park (Chattagram), Madhabkunda Eco Park
(Moulavibazar), Madhutila Eco Park (Sherpur)
Waterfalls
Himchori (Cox’s Bazar), Madhabkunda (Maulvibazar), Pangthumai
(Sylhet), Hum Hum (Sreemangal), Richhang (Khagrachhari), Shoilo
Propat (Bandarban), Rijuk Jhorna (Bandarban), Amia khum (Bandarban),
Khaiyyachara Falls (Chattagram),Tinap Saitar (Bandarban), Nafa-khum
(Bandarban), Shuvolong (Rangamati), Haja Chora (Khagrachari), Jadipai and
Baklai Fountains (Bandarban), Jaflong (Sylhet), Songrampunji (Sylhet)
Hills and Mountains
Chattogram Division: Bandarban, Rangamati, Khagrachari, Sitakunda
(Chattogram), Cox’s Bazar District
Sylhet Division: Zaflong
Mymenshing Division: Garo Hills
Islands
Saint Martin’s Island, Nijhum Dwip, Dublar Char, Burir Char, Bhola Island
(the country’s largest island), Sandwip, Urir Char, Swarna Dweep, Hatiya,
Manpura Island, Maheshkhali Island, Char Kukri Mukri, Char Lakshmi,
Kutubdia, Sonadia
Forests
Sundarban Mangrove Forests (Khulna), Lawachora National Forests
(Sreemangal), Ratargul Swamp Forest (Sylhet)
Historical Palaces and
Monuments
Natore Rajbari (Natore), Ahsan Manzil (Dhaka City), Lalbag Fort (Dhaka
City), Huseni Dalan (Dhaka), Muktagacha Palace (Mymensingh), Silaidaha
Kuthibari (Kushtia), Jatiyo Smriti Soudho (Savar, Dhaka), Curzon Hall
(Dhaka City), the Mosque City of Bagerhat (Bagerhat)
Religious Monuments
and Places
Mosque: Baitul Mukarrom Mosque (national mosque), Binot Bibir Mosque,
Shaat Gambuj Mosque, Tara Mosque, Khan Md.Mridha Mosque, Bibi Marium
Mosque, Al-Falah Mosque, Andarkillah Shahi Mosque, Kusumba Mosque
(Rajshahi), Choto Sona Mosque (Chapai Nawabganj), Shat Gombuj Mosque
(Bagerhat), Bagha Shahi Mosque (Rajshahi), Guthia Mosque (Barisal)
Temple: Kantanagar Temple (Dinajpur) (finest terracotta temple), Adinath
Temple (Maheshkhali), Chandranath Temple (Sitakunda), Dhakeswari Temple
(Dhaka), Puthia Temple Complex (Rajshahi)
Pagoda: Buddha Dhatu Jadi (Bandarban), Ramu Temple Complex (Cox’s
Bazar), Ukhia Pagoda Complex (Cox’s Bazar)
Church: Armenian Church (Dhaka), St. Peter’s Cathedral (Barisal), the Holy
Rosary Cathedral (Chattagram)
5. Hossain, Wadood / Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
5
Shrines
Shrine of Hazrat Shah Jalal(Sylhet), Shrine of Hazrat Bayazid Bostami
(Chattogram), Shrine of Hazrat Makhdum Shah (Rajshahi), Shrine of Lalon
Shah (Kushtia)
National Institutions
Jatiyo Sangshod Bhaban (Dhaka City), Central Shaheed Minar (Dhaka City),
Mouseleum of Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibor Rahman
(Tungipara, Gopalganj), World War II Cemetery (Chattogram)
Zoos
Bangladesh National Zoo (Dhaka),Chattagram Zoo and Veterinary Clinic,
Comilla Zoo and Botanical Garden, Museum of Zoology (Dhaka), Rangpur
Zoo, Rajshahi Central Zoo, Naria Zoo (Shariatpur), ShiteshBabu’s Monster
(Shreemangal),Shaheed A.H.M. Kamruzzaman Central Park & Zoo(Rajshahi),
Mini Zoo (Mymenshing), Khulna Zoo
Museums
National Museum (Dhaka City), Varendra Research Museum (Rajshahi),
Ethnographical Museum (Chattagram)
Archaeological Sites
Mahasthangarh (oldest archeological site), Somapura Mahavihara (Naogaon),
Mainamati (Comilla), Sonargaon (Dhaka), Wari-Bateshwar (Narshingdi)
Rivers Padma, Meghna, Jamuna
Lakes and Wetlands
Kaptai Lake (Rangamati), Tanguar Hoar (Sunamganj), Hakaluki Haor
(Moulvibazar), Foy’s Lake (Chattagram), Madhabpur Lake (Sylhet),
Bichnakandi (Sylhet)
Source: Authors Own Compilation from Internet Sources
The tourism sector of Bangladesh is mainly led by the government tourism-related
departments, and a large and vibrant private sector is also active and gradually
emerging in recent years (encouraged to operate and at the same time, the policy
is formulated, and regulation is made by the government tourism department). The
tourism sector of Bangladesh is administered and supervised by the Bangladesh
Parjatan Corporation (BPC) that was formed in 1972 by the Government of
Bangladesh (See Table 3). Moreover, the stated primary objective of the BPC is
to make Bangladesh an attractive tourist destination country, and the slogan has
been “Beautiful Bangladesh.” The BPC guides the public and private tourism
organizations, ensures visa and immigration facilities for foreign tourists and seeks
to ease the procedure, ensure security as well as the safety of the tourists.
Table 3
List of Tourism Administrations and Associations in Bangladesh
Sl No Name Web site
Web site
Contents
1
Bangladesh Parjatan
corporation (BPC)
(Govt. Tourism Organization)
http://www.parjatan.gov.bd
List of tourist spots and places,
hotel-motel booking, photo
gallery,list of hotel-motel,
2 Bangladesh Tourism Board http://www.tourismboard.gov.bd
List of tourist spots and places,
video gallery
3
Tour Operators Association
of Bangladesh (TOAB)
http://www.toab.org
List of 586 tour operators in
Bangladesh, list of tourist spots
and places, newsletter,blog, etc.
Source: Authors’ Own Compilation
6. JOURNAL of TOURISMOLOGY
6
In addition to this, BPC’s other functions are: human resource formation for the
tourism sector, encourage the public and private sector to join in the infrastructure
as well as tourism-related projects, promote ecotourism (based on incorporating
environmental and anthropological needs within tourism), and finally, improve the
means of the tourism sector comprising tourist spot development, making new tourists
spots, arranging safe hotels, motels, cottages, restaurants, picnic spots, rent-a-car, etc.
(BPC 2019). Besides regulating private sector hotels and motels, the BPC on its own
provides residential facilities through 25 hotels in 19 districts of Bangladesh.
The profession of tour guide as an early-career life employment has been popular
in Bangladesh. Currently, more than 10,000 tour guides and more than 200 travel and
tourism organizations are providing tourism services in Bangladesh (Airways office,
2019). Besides, tourism and hospitality management as an academic discipline has
been introduced in graduate and postgraduate levels at the universities. At present,
around seventy universities and institutions are offering Tourism and Hospitality
Management courses and degrees in Bangladesh.
The tourism industry of Bangladesh suffers from inadequate budget and
government supports, and insufficient roads in remote areas, and a small amount of
publications, insufficient facilities for tourists, etc. During some periods of time in
the past, political instability and violence created additional hindrance for tourism
(see Sultana, 2016), whereas, currently the situation is much calmer and peaceful.
Nevertheless, the prospects of tourism are comparatively much higher than the
problems it faces. A large number of magnificent tourist spots, secure visa facilities,
on arrival visa facilities for 60 countries, the lowest visa fee (as low as USD 51), no
airport fees, a large number of tourist guides and agencies, easy to book transport
tickets, bothAC and non-AC private as well as public transports, currency conversion
through banking and non-banking agents, fast internet speeds, tourist police for the
safety and security of tourists, and so much more (Golden Bengal Tours, 2019).
Objective of the Study
The main goal of this paper is to inspect the impact of tourism on the economic
growth of Bangladesh. More precisely, this article aims to present a general idea of
the tourism industry of Bangladesh. Besides, it scrutinizes the contribution of the
tourism sector on the economic growth, employment generation, and development of
the tourist areas in Bangladesh.
Overview of the Literature
A large number of research works have been done on the economic growth and
tourism of different countries, but very few descriptive works are found on the
7. Hossain, Wadood / Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
7
tourism of the Bangladesh economy. Table 4 highlights the previous research works
and findings on Bangladesh tourism and the rest of the world, respectively.
Table 4
Impact of Tourism on the Bangladesh Economic Growth
Serial
No
Source Topics of the Study
Area of the
Study
Findings
1. Kobra et al (2018) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
2. Bhuiyan and Darda (2018) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
3. Sayeda (2017) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
4. Amin et al. (2017) Newspaper Article (Descriptive) Bangladesh -
5. Sultana (2016) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
6. Rahman (2016) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
7. Roy and Roy (2015) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
8. Salam (2014) Descriptive Study Bangladesh -
9. Ali (2013) Exploratory Factor Analysis
Cox’s Bazar,
Bangladesh
Positive
Impact
10. Ali et al. (2012) Descriptive Study, Ethics and Tourism Bangladesh -
11. Das and Chakraborty (2012)
t-test on GDP Growth,including and
excluding Tourism
Bangladesh
Positive
Impact
12. MOEF (2010)
Project Paper, Descriptive Study,
Climate Change and Tourism
Bangladesh -
Source: Compiled by the Authors
Kobra et al. (2018) discuss the good and bad features of promotion regarding
investment in the tourism industry of Bangladesh. Some 120 stakeholders (both
governmental and non-governmental) were interviewed for their views and opinions
about this sector. Investment is insufficient, whereas lack of integration among the
different authorities has been identified as one core problem of this sector.
Bhuiyan and Darda (2018) highlight the future possibilities of Halal tourism in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh is the fourth largest Muslim populated country in the world
and has a large number of Muslim shrines and congregations. Therefore, it has scopes
for enhancements of Halal tourism (or Islamic Shariah-based).
Sayeda (2017) examines the prospects of economic, social, cultural, environmental
effects of mass tourism in the context of Bangladesh, particularly in the context of
Cox’s Bazar and its surrounding areas. Mass tourism is geared towards convenient
and economic tourism activities designed for a large number of tourists irrespective of
their socio-economic status, and this can be one strategy for a large volume of tourism
revenue generation. The concept of sustainable tourism that aims at preserving
socio-cultural and natural resources of the tourist destination can be applied to the
promotion of tourism in Cox’s Bazar and its adjacent locations in a sustainable way,
as per the paper.
Amin et al. (2017) discuss the problems and forecasts the prospective features
of ruraltourism in the context of Bangladesh. Bangladesh, with a total count of 86,038
8. JOURNAL of TOURISMOLOGY
8
villages, is in a perfect position to offer its green fields, wildlife, wetlands, river beds,
rural festivals, arts, and crafts to visitors from home and abroad, whereas to keep
in mind the plausible adverse effects as well. Sultana (2016) discusses how tourism
affects different components of the Bangladesh economy by analyzing secondary data.
Among the other papers, Rhaman (2016) analyzes the impact of tourism on the
livelihood of the residents of the Rangamati district in Bangladesh. Salam (2014)
focuses on the significance of the socio-economic advantages of tourism in the
context of Bangladesh. He clearly shows how the tourism sector earns revenues.
Roy and Roy (2015) present an overview of the Bangladesh tourism industry.
Ahmad, Shahab Uddin (2013) describes the present scenario, probable effects on the
Bangladesh economy, training and product development issues and suggests many
steps to expand the tourism sector in Bangladesh. Ali (2013) analyzes the socio-
economic influences of Tourism on Cox’s Bazar-the largest sea beach in Bangladesh,
and finds a positive impact. Das and Chakraborty (2012) examine the economic
impact of tourism by t-test on GDP growth, including and excluding tourism and
found a significant effect of tourism on the GDP of Bangladesh. Ali et al. (2012)
discuss ethical issues related to tourism development in Bangladesh. The project
paper of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Bangladesh highlights the effects
of climate change on the tourism industry in Bangladesh (Ministry of Environment
and Forests (MOEF), 2010). Ali and Parvin (2010) discuss how to treat tourism to
increase its contribution to the GDP of Bangladesh.
Moreover, several studies tested the influence of tourism on the economic growth
and advancement of other countries. Akan et al. (2007), Cetin (2014), Gökovali &
Bahar (2006) and Gokovali (2010) find that tourism, economic growth and GNP
are strongly related to the Turkish economy. Kadir & Karim (2012) and Puah et al.
(2018) state the positive contribution of tourism on the Malaysian economic growth.
De Esteban et al. (2015) and Ohlan (2017) concludes that tourism revenue, economic
growth and financial development are strongly correlated to each other in the Indian
economy. Stauvermann et al. (2016) illustrates the positive relationships among the
tourism revenue, exchange rate, capital and economic growth of Sri Lanka. Yahya
(2005) discusses the cost of damages incurred by tourism in the Maldives.
The previous studies cover a description of the tourism industry of Bangladesh,
details of many tourist spots, prospects of rural tourism, problems and prospects
of tourism, one research examines the t-test on the GDP with and without tourism
revenue. Moreover, almost all of the earlier analyses (in Bangladesh perspective) were
descriptive studies, and these combined the travel and tourism data. On the contrary, this
paper separately, incorporates tourism revenue and travel & tourism revenue. Besides,
it presents a complete idea about well-known and potential tourist spots and areas,
9. Hossain, Wadood / Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
9
tourism administration and tourism organization, facilities (Visa, accommodation,
safety in travelling and currency exchange) for the tourists, and tourism education in
Bangladesh. Finally, this paper analyzes data regarding Real GDP, tourism budget,
tourism revenue, employment in the tourism sector through graphical analysis.
Methodology
This is an original research paper based on both qualitative and quantitative
analyses. It incorporates the secondary data over the 2009-2017 period. Since the data
on the tourism revenue of Bangladesh is not available before 2009, we considered
the 2009-2017 period. The data are collected from the World Tourism Outlook 2009-
2017, and the Bangladesh Economic Review (various editions). Data on real GDP,
investment, tourism income are used in 2009 constant value of the USD. The data are
analyzed by using mean, median, standard deviation and graphical analysis.
Assessing the Impact of Tourism on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh
The current size of the tourism industry of Bangladesh is BDT 5,000 crore in
2017, that was BDT 500 crore in 2007 (Rahman and Chakma, 2018). Bangladesh
earned USD 1,153 million from the tourism sector during the 2009-2017 period
(UNWTO, 2009-2018) while the revenue from the travel & tourism sector was BDT
850.7 billion in 2017. On an average, a yearly number of 552,500 tourists visited
Bangladesh during the 2009-2017 period. Table 5 explores the revenue of tourism,
and travel & tourism industry and its contribution in GDP and employment creation.
Table 5
Effect of Tourism on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh
Year
Tourism
Revenue (In
million USD)
No of
Tourist
visited
Contribution of Travel
& Tourism to GDP (In
Billion BDT)
Job in
Travel &
Tourism
Contribution of Travel
&Tourism to GDP
(Per Cent)
2009 70 267000 - - 4.6
2010 81 303000 - - 4.7
2011 87 440000 381.6 2880500 4.2
2012 110 600000 - - 4.3
2013 128 618000 830 1328500 4.4
2014 153 630000 627.9 1984000 4.5
2015 148 648000 809.6 2346000 4.4
2016 213 654000 840.2 2401000 4.3
2017 337 700000 850.7 2432000 4.3
2018 - - - - 4.4
2025* - - 1,252.8 2492000 6.1
2026* - - 2894000 6.4
2027* - - 1,783.0 2965000 4.7
2028* - - 1,753.1 - 4.6
Source: UNWTO (2009-2018), The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2009-2018), knoema.com (2019);
*Projected value.
10. JOURNAL of TOURISMOLOGY
10
According to the reports of the WTTC, the travel & tourism sector of Bangladesh
generated approximately a yearly 2.23 million jobs during the 2011-2017 period.
Tourism generates both formal and informal jobs. The most common form of formal
job sectors are hotel and motel, cafe & restaurant, shopping malls at the tourist
site, transport, tourist guide, tourism agency, local handicrafts, etc. Besides, a large
number of local people find their livelihoods in the informal sector, such as, rickshaw
driving, hawkers, selling homemade food and non-food items, garbage collecting,
unprofessional children singer,cameraman, and so much more. However, Table 6 and
Figure 1 summarize the tourism contribution to real GDP of Bangladesh.
Table 6
Summary of the Tourism Contribution to Bangladesh Economy
Variable Observation Mean Std. Dev. Min Max
Real GDP (Bill $) 8 113.173 17.486 90.074 140.638
Tourism Revenue (Bill $) 8 0.135 0.05 0.07 0.204
Tourist Visited (Million) 8 0.52 0.160 0.267 0.654
Job in travel & Tourism
(JTT) (Million)
8 2.108 0.549 1.22 2.881
Furthermore, tourism sectors stimulate infrastructural development, development
of residents of the tourists’ spots, hotels, motels, production of food, and non-food
items. In the last decade, Bangladesh experienced tremendous development in the
tourism industry. A large number of new tourist spots were constructed around the
country. At least ten natural fountains were discovered in the mountains. Besides, ten
sea beaches were developed and renovated for the tourists. Moreover, the Bangladesh
Roads and Highways Department constructed about ten thousand kilometres of roads
to facilitate the tourists. Also, new rail lines and naval routes were developed, and
private airlines facilities were introduced. More than 1700 hotels, motels, resorts
were constructed around the country.
050100150
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
year
Realgdp BIL TR $ bill cons $2009
0123
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
year
Touristmil JTT mill
Figure 1. Real GDP and Tourism Contribution (Tourism Revenue, Tourist visited and Job in Travel &
Tourism (JTT) sector of Bangladesh for 2009-2017
11. Hossain, Wadood / Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
11
In the last decade, the Government of Bangladesh has increased the budget (4.87
times increases from 2009 to 2018) in the tourism industry which has opened a new
horizon of economic growth and development by the additional revenues from the
tourism sector. Figure 2 discloses the tourism budget and revenue for the last decade
(2009-2018).
Figure 2. Tourism Budget and Revenue in Bangladesh 2009-2018
Conclusion
This paper explores the potential of the tourism industry, and scrutinizes the effect
of the tourism industry on the overall economic advancement of Bangladesh by
analyzing secondary data for eight years. Besides, it presents a detailed idea about
the well-known as well as potential tourist spots and areas, tourism administration
and tourism organizations, facilities (Visa, accommodation, safety in travelling
and currency exchange) for the tourists, infrastructural development, and tourism
education in Bangladesh. This paper also scrutinizes data regarding real GDP,
tourism budget, tourism revenue, employment in the tourism sector through graphical
analysis. This paper exposes that Bangladesh earned USD 1,153 million from its
tourism industry during the 2009-2017 period, which is a small share of its GDP. This
study summarizes that the small share of tourism revenue has a limited positive effect
on the economic growth of Bangladesh at this moment. Though the tourism sector of
Bangladesh suffers from a number of problems, it creates employment, innovation
and new technology, technology transfer, new infrastructure, friendship among
people, and above all, it helps the brand image of the country, which is “Beautiful
Bangladesh.” Besides, tourism and hospitality management education is also very
popular in Bangladesh. It can be said that the potentiality of the tourism sector is
12. JOURNAL of TOURISMOLOGY
12
not currently fully explored. If it flourishes smoothly, then it will reduce the revenue
dependency on other sectors. This paper suggests the following steps to strengthen
the torism sector of Bangladesh.
Ground Details Recommendation
Need a Long Run Vision
Bangladesh should make tourism vision for five to ten years to boost up
tourism revenue & contribution to GDP. It may include 8%-10% revenue of
GDP (current figure 4.4% for travel and tourism), infrastructural development
and beautification of the tourist spots, construction and renovation of tourist
sites, highways, naval bases, and aviation facilities.
Exploring the tourist
spots
Bangladesh has a large number of magnificent tourist spots and locations,
but these are not well known to the local and foreign tourists. The BPC may
publish books, booklets, handouts, stickers, images, videos (and make it
available to the tourists) to make this site familiar to them (both internal and
foreign tourists).
Upgrading the
government tourism
website
The BPC website is dedicated to tourism development, but it is not well
updated. Highly qualified practitioners from the tourism field should be
recruited into this Corporation. A complete list of all tourist sites is not
available on this website.
Promotion of tourism
and hospitality
management education
A good number of facilities should be arranged for tourists. For foreign
tourists: one-stop service visa facilities, tourist guide, safety and security in the
spots, special rate in currency exchanges facilities, currency exchange facilities
in the tourist spots, tourist cards for discount and facilities, etc.
Employment
opportunity in the
Tourism sector
Education of tourism and hospitality management is one of the most popular
disciplines in Bangladesh. The BPC may encourage young job seekers to join
in the tourism-related agencies by offering special facilities for the tourism
arrangement agencies.
BPC Sponsorship for
Domestic Tourism
High schools and colleges need to be coordinated with the BPC and private
tour associations to arrange for study tours for the students. It will train the
young generation with regards to tourism, which will boost up domestic
tourism in the medium as well as the long term.
Infrastructural
Development for the
Tourism Sector
Tourism sector of Bangladesh still suffers from the inadequate number of high-
quality roads, especially for waterfalls, beaches, historical monuments in rural
areas, etc. The authority should construct suitable roads and communication
system for both local and foreign tourists.
Building up a Strong
Handicrafts Market
Bangladesh has a glorious tradition of exquisite handicrafts. People from
several religions, caste, tribe and villages love to produce handicrafts. There is
a vast possibility to build up a strong handicrafts market in the tourist spots of
Bangladesh.
Promote Festival-
centered Tourism
Bangladesh has a rich heritage of diverse cultures, ethnicities, and a large range
of festivals throughout the entire country during different points of time in
the year. If promoted and given support, festival-centered tourism has a bright
prospect in this country. One most colorful of festivals is the Noboborsho
(Bangla New Year Festival), which is on April 14 each year, and every
community across the country has its own ways of celebrating this Noboborsho
festival.
“Beautiful Bangladesh” is the official phrase of Bangladesh’s tourism industry
sector.Alarge amount of investment from both the government as well as the business
community, along with a properly formulated policy framework, is needed to explore
the full potential of the tourism industry in Bangladesh.
13. Hossain, Wadood / Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
13
Peer-review: Externally peer-reviewed.
Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Grand Support: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
Hakem Değerlendirmesi: Dış bağımsız.
Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarlar çıkar çatışması bildirmemiştir.
Finansal Destek: Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.
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