The use of oral language approaches in developing writing skills in english l...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of oral language approaches to develop writing skills among secondary school students in Kenya. The study found that problems included students' negative attitudes towards English, teachers' ineffective methodologies, lack of instructional materials, and students' inability to express themselves orally. It was also found that limited class time, large class sizes, poor student discipline, and lack of ICT exposure constrained the use of oral approaches. The study recommends that teachers incorporate more interactive oral activities, address students' attitudes, emphasize the importance of English, and improve their feedback and correction of oral errors.
The document is a response from Learning Difficulties Australia (LDA) to the Draft Australian Curriculum regarding the teaching of beginning reading. LDA welcomes the emphasis on phonics instruction but notes some weaknesses in the curriculum. Specifically, it fails to distinguish between decoding and comprehension. The structure makes it difficult to follow the progression of reading skills. Descriptor headings could cause confusion. It does not explain the differences between analytic and synthetic phonics approaches. Successful implementation will depend on extensive teacher professional development given negative attitudes towards phonics.
Challenges to vernacular learners (l1) in acquisition of english language (l2...Alexander Decker
The document discusses challenges faced by vernacular (L1) learners in acquiring English (L2) at the undergraduate level in Hyderabad, India. It finds that the majority of students from vernacular medium backgrounds struggle in English language classrooms due to the influence of their native socio-cultural backgrounds and languages. The study uses a survey to identify issues like the influence of studying in vernacular medium schools, family educational background, peers, and lack of English use outside the classroom. It observes that vernacular medium students feel uncomfortable revealing their background for fear of being isolated. The document suggests techniques to help both vernacular and English medium students improve their English skills, such as increasing English use,
The influence of the basic difference between everyday meaning of English wor...iosrjce
The study sought to determine theinfluence of the basic difference between everyday meaning of
English words and their specialized uses in mathematics contexts on the mathematics performance of Hausa
speaking primary school children. Using simple random sampling technique, 60% of each of the eleven public
primary schools with a minimum of five (5) Hausa speaking pupils in its primary five and six was taken as
sample for the study. This gave seven hundred and thirty five (735) respondents made up of 432 boys and 303
girls.Comprehension tests of ambiguous English words developed by the researcher were used to collect data.
The result indicates that there is significant difference between Hausa speaking pupils’ performance in basic
every-day meaning of English words and their specialized uses in mathematics context. Hausa speaking primary
school pupils tended to interpret lexically ambiguous words found in mathematics contexts in their ordinary
sense.The statistically significant difference between dominant meaning and secondary context can be
interpreted as pupils do not distinguish the meaning of English words. Their responses indicated that they seem
prone to access the dominant sense of the common terms used even when they are used in sentences biased
towards a mathematics meaning.
Final draft of research on sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling techniques method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main target group is Deaf student and their teacher 15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. The participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and the student were selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding and experience. The two points on practice and challenges rating scale questionnaire consisting of 15 items for teacher and a Two point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 13 items for student and for both of them the researcher use open ended question and observation check list has been used to collect the data. Depending upon the data collected both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of the collected data. The findings have shown that the majority of Deaf students (53%) have shown there is inadequate use of instructional material. The major challenges were related to accessibility of instructional material, student teacher ratio and classroom environment. The study has also confirmed that the school and most of school community (67%) have awareness about sign language as a medium of instruction. Generally, the result suggests the effective measures of need to be taken to reduce challenges of the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction by accessing instructional material and matching student teacher ratio and create an accessible classroom environment. Further research also required to fulfill the gap of practicing sign language as a medium of instruction. Some recommendations were made based on findings particularly to improve the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction and reducing the challenge of student and teachers. The study gives a direction on priory area of intervention such as giving training to teachers and students to develop their skill and providing appropriate material and hiring new teacher to match student teacher ratio.
There is a fast-moving worldwide shift from English being taught as a foreign language (EFL) to English being the medium of instruction (EMI) for academic subjects such as science, mathematics, geography and medicine. EMI is increasingly being used in universities, secondary schools and even primary schools.
M.Wright
Sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
This document provides an outline for a thesis that will assess the practice and challenges of using sign language as a medium of instruction among deaf students at Yekatit 23 Primary School in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. The study will employ a mixed methods research design and collect data from 15 deaf student respondents and 7 special needs teachers through surveys and interviews. The thesis will be submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a BA degree in Special Needs and Inclusive Education at Bahir Dar University. It will consist of 5 chapters that will introduce the topic, review relevant literature, describe the research methods, analyze the results, and provide conclusions and recommendations.
Practice and challemges of sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of
instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling
techniques method.
To achieve the purpose of the study. The main target group is Deaf student and their teacher
15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. the
participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and and the student were
selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding
and experience .
The use of oral language approaches in developing writing skills in english l...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of oral language approaches to develop writing skills among secondary school students in Kenya. The study found that problems included students' negative attitudes towards English, teachers' ineffective methodologies, lack of instructional materials, and students' inability to express themselves orally. It was also found that limited class time, large class sizes, poor student discipline, and lack of ICT exposure constrained the use of oral approaches. The study recommends that teachers incorporate more interactive oral activities, address students' attitudes, emphasize the importance of English, and improve their feedback and correction of oral errors.
The document is a response from Learning Difficulties Australia (LDA) to the Draft Australian Curriculum regarding the teaching of beginning reading. LDA welcomes the emphasis on phonics instruction but notes some weaknesses in the curriculum. Specifically, it fails to distinguish between decoding and comprehension. The structure makes it difficult to follow the progression of reading skills. Descriptor headings could cause confusion. It does not explain the differences between analytic and synthetic phonics approaches. Successful implementation will depend on extensive teacher professional development given negative attitudes towards phonics.
Challenges to vernacular learners (l1) in acquisition of english language (l2...Alexander Decker
The document discusses challenges faced by vernacular (L1) learners in acquiring English (L2) at the undergraduate level in Hyderabad, India. It finds that the majority of students from vernacular medium backgrounds struggle in English language classrooms due to the influence of their native socio-cultural backgrounds and languages. The study uses a survey to identify issues like the influence of studying in vernacular medium schools, family educational background, peers, and lack of English use outside the classroom. It observes that vernacular medium students feel uncomfortable revealing their background for fear of being isolated. The document suggests techniques to help both vernacular and English medium students improve their English skills, such as increasing English use,
The influence of the basic difference between everyday meaning of English wor...iosrjce
The study sought to determine theinfluence of the basic difference between everyday meaning of
English words and their specialized uses in mathematics contexts on the mathematics performance of Hausa
speaking primary school children. Using simple random sampling technique, 60% of each of the eleven public
primary schools with a minimum of five (5) Hausa speaking pupils in its primary five and six was taken as
sample for the study. This gave seven hundred and thirty five (735) respondents made up of 432 boys and 303
girls.Comprehension tests of ambiguous English words developed by the researcher were used to collect data.
The result indicates that there is significant difference between Hausa speaking pupils’ performance in basic
every-day meaning of English words and their specialized uses in mathematics context. Hausa speaking primary
school pupils tended to interpret lexically ambiguous words found in mathematics contexts in their ordinary
sense.The statistically significant difference between dominant meaning and secondary context can be
interpreted as pupils do not distinguish the meaning of English words. Their responses indicated that they seem
prone to access the dominant sense of the common terms used even when they are used in sentences biased
towards a mathematics meaning.
Final draft of research on sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling techniques method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main target group is Deaf student and their teacher 15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. The participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and the student were selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding and experience. The two points on practice and challenges rating scale questionnaire consisting of 15 items for teacher and a Two point rating scale questionnaire consisting of 13 items for student and for both of them the researcher use open ended question and observation check list has been used to collect the data. Depending upon the data collected both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the analysis of the collected data. The findings have shown that the majority of Deaf students (53%) have shown there is inadequate use of instructional material. The major challenges were related to accessibility of instructional material, student teacher ratio and classroom environment. The study has also confirmed that the school and most of school community (67%) have awareness about sign language as a medium of instruction. Generally, the result suggests the effective measures of need to be taken to reduce challenges of the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction by accessing instructional material and matching student teacher ratio and create an accessible classroom environment. Further research also required to fulfill the gap of practicing sign language as a medium of instruction. Some recommendations were made based on findings particularly to improve the practice of sign language as a medium of instruction and reducing the challenge of student and teachers. The study gives a direction on priory area of intervention such as giving training to teachers and students to develop their skill and providing appropriate material and hiring new teacher to match student teacher ratio.
There is a fast-moving worldwide shift from English being taught as a foreign language (EFL) to English being the medium of instruction (EMI) for academic subjects such as science, mathematics, geography and medicine. EMI is increasingly being used in universities, secondary schools and even primary schools.
M.Wright
Sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
This document provides an outline for a thesis that will assess the practice and challenges of using sign language as a medium of instruction among deaf students at Yekatit 23 Primary School in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. The study will employ a mixed methods research design and collect data from 15 deaf student respondents and 7 special needs teachers through surveys and interviews. The thesis will be submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a BA degree in Special Needs and Inclusive Education at Bahir Dar University. It will consist of 5 chapters that will introduce the topic, review relevant literature, describe the research methods, analyze the results, and provide conclusions and recommendations.
Practice and challemges of sign language as a medium of instructionAmanuelEndale
The study was design to assess the practice and challenges of sign language as a medium of
instruction in case of: Yekatit 23 primary school by employing purposive sampling
techniques method.
To achieve the purpose of the study. The main target group is Deaf student and their teacher
15 student and 7 teacher (a total of 22, M=9 F=13), were included in the study. the
participant selected purposively for Yekatit 23 primary school and and the student were
selected from Grade 6-8 because the researcher assume that the have a better understanding
and experience .
11.code switching and its implications for teaching mathematics in primary sc...Alexander Decker
This study investigated code switching between English and Yoruba languages in mathematics classrooms in primary schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The researcher observed mathematics lessons and interviewed teachers and students. The results showed that teachers used code switching to help students understand mathematical concepts by explaining terms in both English and their native Yoruba language. Students performed better in mathematics when teachers used code switching. The study concluded that code switching is an effective teaching strategy in multilingual classrooms that does not negatively impact learning, but rather helps transfer knowledge to students.
Code switching and its implications for teaching mathematics in primary schoo...Alexander Decker
This document discusses code switching in mathematics classrooms in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It finds that teachers in the studied primary schools used code switching between English and Yoruba as an approach to help pupils acquire literacy and understand mathematical concepts. Code switching allowed pupils to use both of their languages naturally during classroom activities. The study concluded that code switching does not negatively impact learning, but is rather a useful classroom interaction strategy and effective way to convey knowledge to students in multilingual settings.
The document summarizes a study that used the Wilson Reading System to teach reading comprehension to four male English language learners in a multi-grade special education classroom. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected through assessments, journal entries, and reading group sessions. Results showed some progress in reading comprehension for three of the four participants when using the Wilson Reading System. All four students demonstrated increased confidence, participation, and enjoyment of reading. The study aimed to determine if the Wilson Reading System is an effective strategy for teaching reading comprehension to English language learners.
An Investigation of English Language Needs of Engineering Undergraduatesahmad shah qasemi
1. The study investigated the English language needs of 212 engineering undergraduates at Jawzjan University in Afghanistan through a student questionnaire.
2. The findings showed that most students had an average or good English proficiency level and studied English for academic purposes or future careers. Students also felt their English ability affected their academic performance.
3. Additionally, most students were dissatisfied with the current English program, resources, and teaching approaches, feeling they did not meet their needs. They preferred a more student-centered classroom with more activities.
This document provides background information for a research proposal examining the effects of oral literature on teaching and learning English in primary schools in Uganda. It discusses the historical use of oral literature in teaching English and outlines the study's objectives, which are to determine the forms of oral literature that enhance English learning, the effects of oral literature on English learning, and problems faced in teaching oral literature. The document reviews related literature on oral literature and conceptualizes it in relation to this study.
Facing Problems & Changing Strategies in Teaching of English at Elementary Sc...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present Research paper focuses on problems before the English Language teachers in India are enormous and apparent. They should be able to cater to the practical needs of learners, to make them competent enough to interact with one another and also to retrieve information all over the world. English has a base in several countries and is considered as the most suitable and convenient tool for International Communication. The ultimate aim of Education is to impart knowledge to the learners, to prepare them for their future life. Teaching school students through chalk and talk approach has been in practice for long India. Various strategies for achieving the present goal of school education were discussed and some are put into practice. The present paper endeavors to unravel the positive and negative points concerning teaching of English in schools. The prospectus, methodology, teachers and methods of teaching English is also conferred in inherent way.
A Comparative Analysis of English as Foreign Language Education Programmes inventionjournals
: The purpose of this study is to examine current English as foreign language education programmes in China (Hong Kong), Finland, Southern Cyprus, Japan, and Turkey and to reveal similarities and differences between them. And, the method of this study is reviewing of literature. At the end of the study, it was concluded that these countries have different objectives of a foreign language education according to their economic, cultural, and social status. However, communication and international relations are common denominators. It was also seen that China (Hong Kong), Finland, Southern Cyprus, and Turkey start teaching English as a foreign language at young age. If it is considered that starting English as a foreign language education at an early age is an advantage, it can be seen that Japan and Turkey have disadvantage. And, Finland is the most successful country in foreign language teaching. It was reached the conclusion that supporting the individuality of a foreign language education has a major share in this success. When it was examined the approaches used in a foreign language teaching, it came to a conclusion that all countries use various methods which make students active.
An assessment of language arts curriculum and instruction in some schools in ...Alexander Decker
1. The document assesses the language arts curriculum and instruction methods used in some secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria.
2. It finds that the language arts curriculum covers the four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) as outlined in the prescribed textbooks.
3. The dominant instruction method used by teachers for grammar lessons is the Modified Lecture Method, which involves mostly one-way communication from teacher to students, without the use of instructional materials.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach compared to the traditional Grammar Translation Method (GTM) in teaching English in Pakistan. The study had two parts: 1) An experimental study that used pre- and post-tests to measure the achievement and attitudes of students taught with either CLT or GTM. The CLT group showed more improvement. 2) A survey of English teachers that identified challenges to implementing CLT, including issues with teachers, students, testing, and adapting Western approaches to local contexts. Overall, the study found CLT could be effective if implemented properly but faces barriers in the Pakistani education system and culture.
Enhancing English skills by using CLIL articleBelinda Bow
1) The document discusses using Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) to improve English skills for Thai high school students.
2) A study was conducted with 40 students and found their listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills significantly improved after learning through three CLIL English lesson plans compared to pre-tests.
3) CLIL helps students learn content and a second language simultaneously in an engaging way that motivates learning. This results in better language skills compared to traditional language-only teaching methods.
Improving students’ writing skill by mean ofSholihul Umam
This document presents a study that examines the effectiveness of developing students' extensive reading skills to improve their writing ability. The study uses a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design with 34 eleventh grade students in Indonesia. Students were given a pre-test to assess their initial writing skills, then received instruction focusing on extensive reading development. After the treatment, students took a post-test to evaluate any changes in writing ability. The study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in students' writing scores before and after the extensive reading instruction. Statistical t-tests will be used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis that extensive reading can positively impact writing ability.
Language of instruction and its impact on quality of education in secondary s...Alexander Decker
- The document examines key stakeholders' opinions on the language of instruction in secondary schools in Tanzania. It involved 408 respondents including teachers, students, and parents.
- Most teachers (64.5%) and students (78.1%) preferred English as the language of instruction, while some parents also preferred English. However, many students (69.5%) reported not understanding lessons well when taught fully in English.
- While English was still favored, most teachers did not use it exclusively in class, and 71.4% of students felt both English and Swahili should be used to aid understanding. The study concluded use of only English contributed to poor academic performance.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Good performance in English opens doors to many lucrative careers locally and internationally. Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of teachers’ competence on reading ability among pre-school children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there are more female pre-school teachers than male. It was also found that most of the pre-school teachers were inexperienced. Results indicated that the teachers’ competency in English phonology was below average. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. Teacher competency in English phonology was found to have a positive significant effect on reading ability of pre-school children (β= .307, p<0.05). The study concluded that pre-school teaching is a gendered profession characterized by low competency in English phonology. It was also concluded that teacher competency in English phonology has a bearing on the reading ability of pre-school children. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
LANGUAGE LEARNING NEEDS OF FILIPINO-CHINESE LEARNERS AS INPUTS FOR THE PROP...CarloMedoranda
This document discusses a study that aimed to identify the language learning needs of Filipino-Chinese students in grades 4-6 at Bayanihan Institute in the Philippines. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data to determine students' objective and subjective needs.
The results showed that students' most common objective needs were a longer exposure to English, using bilingual instruction, emphasizing the importance of English, strengthening reading/writing skills, and using English frequently in and out of school. Their most common subjective needs included group work, less homework, practicing English inside and outside class, and using various instructional media. Most students saw learning English individually and in real-life contexts as their most important needs. The findings informed a proposed
This document summarizes a study that examined how social factors influence the academic performance of first-year sociology students at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. The study surveyed 210 students and analyzed how variables like home language, type of high school attended, being a first-generation student, living/study space, and family structure impacted academic achievement. The results showed that home language, type of high school, and living/study space significantly affected student performance.
Giving a voice to dyslexic adult students who speak English as a second languageThe Free School
This research paper aims to give post-secondary students with dyslexia a “voice” (Fuller et al., 2004, p. 459) in the academic domain. I offer a self-reflexive account of what I am
discovering about a learning disability termed “dyslexia” from teaching ‘Hiro’ as a private subject tutor. This paper has been peer reviewed by the University of Tasmania, Faculty of Education.
This article aims at exposing a design of project based content language integrated learning (CLIL) at a higher education insitution in Indonesia. Th design is proposed based on a mixture of the principle of language integrated learning (CLIL) and the principle of project based learning. The design was implemented for the teaching of English as a compulsory subject at three departments of the university of Lampung. Quantitative data was obtained from the value of students’ English proficiency before and after CLIL model application. While the qualitative data was obtained from the output of language produced by students during the learning process took place. The results showed that project based CLIL English language course at the faculty of teaching and education, the University of Lampung could work effectively. This is evident from the implementation of the whole program activities, from the implementation of the formation of groups, students work in groups to finish the project, group presentation activities, personal presentations and students’ responses to all activities.
Investigation into strategies of creativity in efl writing in jordanAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated strategies for creativity in English as a foreign language (EFL) writing among students in Jordan. The study utilized interviews and observations of 10 EFL teachers and 8 students. The results from teacher interviews identified 5 themes of strategies used: getting students started in writing, encouraging continued writing, focusing on instruction, valuing student writing, and encouraging creativity. However, observations found some discrepancies between reported and actual classroom strategies. Student interviews identified 5 barriers to creativity: vocabulary, coherence, lack of encouragement, lack of feedback, and lack of motivation. The study aimed to understand strategies to improve EFL writing creativity and barriers students face in promoting it.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the English skills of 40 Thai high school students. The students' listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills were tested before and after three English lessons using CLIL. The results showed significant improvements in all four skills after using CLIL. CLIL helped students learn content and language simultaneously. The study concluded that CLIL is an effective technique for improving English skills in high school students.
A comparative study of secondary school students’ performanceAlexander Decker
This study compared the performance of secondary school students in English and Social Studies in Osun State, Nigeria. The following key points are summarized:
1. Test results from 800 students across 10 schools showed a significant difference in performance between English and Social Studies, with higher average scores in Social Studies.
2. Scores varied significantly across the 10 schools in both subjects.
3. However, gender, school location, and school type (public vs. private) were not found to significantly influence student performance in either subject.
4. The researchers concluded students performed better in Social Studies than English, possibly due to factors other than English language proficiency influencing Social Studies understanding. Consistent teacher training was recommended to
Igbo language needs analysis of non igbo university of nigeria post-graduate ...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the Igbo language needs of non-Igbo post-graduate students at the University of Nigeria through a needs analysis. A survey was conducted of 76 non-Igbo post-graduate students living in campus housing. The findings showed the various aspects of Igbo language the students need to effectively communicate. As Nigeria uses education to promote national unity, the study concluded it is important to understand students' Igbo language needs to design an effective curriculum. Recommendations were provided to better teach Igbo language as an alternate language to non-native speakers at the university.
11.code switching and its implications for teaching mathematics in primary sc...Alexander Decker
This study investigated code switching between English and Yoruba languages in mathematics classrooms in primary schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The researcher observed mathematics lessons and interviewed teachers and students. The results showed that teachers used code switching to help students understand mathematical concepts by explaining terms in both English and their native Yoruba language. Students performed better in mathematics when teachers used code switching. The study concluded that code switching is an effective teaching strategy in multilingual classrooms that does not negatively impact learning, but rather helps transfer knowledge to students.
Code switching and its implications for teaching mathematics in primary schoo...Alexander Decker
This document discusses code switching in mathematics classrooms in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. It finds that teachers in the studied primary schools used code switching between English and Yoruba as an approach to help pupils acquire literacy and understand mathematical concepts. Code switching allowed pupils to use both of their languages naturally during classroom activities. The study concluded that code switching does not negatively impact learning, but is rather a useful classroom interaction strategy and effective way to convey knowledge to students in multilingual settings.
The document summarizes a study that used the Wilson Reading System to teach reading comprehension to four male English language learners in a multi-grade special education classroom. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected through assessments, journal entries, and reading group sessions. Results showed some progress in reading comprehension for three of the four participants when using the Wilson Reading System. All four students demonstrated increased confidence, participation, and enjoyment of reading. The study aimed to determine if the Wilson Reading System is an effective strategy for teaching reading comprehension to English language learners.
An Investigation of English Language Needs of Engineering Undergraduatesahmad shah qasemi
1. The study investigated the English language needs of 212 engineering undergraduates at Jawzjan University in Afghanistan through a student questionnaire.
2. The findings showed that most students had an average or good English proficiency level and studied English for academic purposes or future careers. Students also felt their English ability affected their academic performance.
3. Additionally, most students were dissatisfied with the current English program, resources, and teaching approaches, feeling they did not meet their needs. They preferred a more student-centered classroom with more activities.
This document provides background information for a research proposal examining the effects of oral literature on teaching and learning English in primary schools in Uganda. It discusses the historical use of oral literature in teaching English and outlines the study's objectives, which are to determine the forms of oral literature that enhance English learning, the effects of oral literature on English learning, and problems faced in teaching oral literature. The document reviews related literature on oral literature and conceptualizes it in relation to this study.
Facing Problems & Changing Strategies in Teaching of English at Elementary Sc...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present Research paper focuses on problems before the English Language teachers in India are enormous and apparent. They should be able to cater to the practical needs of learners, to make them competent enough to interact with one another and also to retrieve information all over the world. English has a base in several countries and is considered as the most suitable and convenient tool for International Communication. The ultimate aim of Education is to impart knowledge to the learners, to prepare them for their future life. Teaching school students through chalk and talk approach has been in practice for long India. Various strategies for achieving the present goal of school education were discussed and some are put into practice. The present paper endeavors to unravel the positive and negative points concerning teaching of English in schools. The prospectus, methodology, teachers and methods of teaching English is also conferred in inherent way.
A Comparative Analysis of English as Foreign Language Education Programmes inventionjournals
: The purpose of this study is to examine current English as foreign language education programmes in China (Hong Kong), Finland, Southern Cyprus, Japan, and Turkey and to reveal similarities and differences between them. And, the method of this study is reviewing of literature. At the end of the study, it was concluded that these countries have different objectives of a foreign language education according to their economic, cultural, and social status. However, communication and international relations are common denominators. It was also seen that China (Hong Kong), Finland, Southern Cyprus, and Turkey start teaching English as a foreign language at young age. If it is considered that starting English as a foreign language education at an early age is an advantage, it can be seen that Japan and Turkey have disadvantage. And, Finland is the most successful country in foreign language teaching. It was reached the conclusion that supporting the individuality of a foreign language education has a major share in this success. When it was examined the approaches used in a foreign language teaching, it came to a conclusion that all countries use various methods which make students active.
An assessment of language arts curriculum and instruction in some schools in ...Alexander Decker
1. The document assesses the language arts curriculum and instruction methods used in some secondary schools in Calabar, Nigeria.
2. It finds that the language arts curriculum covers the four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) as outlined in the prescribed textbooks.
3. The dominant instruction method used by teachers for grammar lessons is the Modified Lecture Method, which involves mostly one-way communication from teacher to students, without the use of instructional materials.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach compared to the traditional Grammar Translation Method (GTM) in teaching English in Pakistan. The study had two parts: 1) An experimental study that used pre- and post-tests to measure the achievement and attitudes of students taught with either CLT or GTM. The CLT group showed more improvement. 2) A survey of English teachers that identified challenges to implementing CLT, including issues with teachers, students, testing, and adapting Western approaches to local contexts. Overall, the study found CLT could be effective if implemented properly but faces barriers in the Pakistani education system and culture.
Enhancing English skills by using CLIL articleBelinda Bow
1) The document discusses using Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) to improve English skills for Thai high school students.
2) A study was conducted with 40 students and found their listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills significantly improved after learning through three CLIL English lesson plans compared to pre-tests.
3) CLIL helps students learn content and a second language simultaneously in an engaging way that motivates learning. This results in better language skills compared to traditional language-only teaching methods.
Improving students’ writing skill by mean ofSholihul Umam
This document presents a study that examines the effectiveness of developing students' extensive reading skills to improve their writing ability. The study uses a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design with 34 eleventh grade students in Indonesia. Students were given a pre-test to assess their initial writing skills, then received instruction focusing on extensive reading development. After the treatment, students took a post-test to evaluate any changes in writing ability. The study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in students' writing scores before and after the extensive reading instruction. Statistical t-tests will be used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis that extensive reading can positively impact writing ability.
Language of instruction and its impact on quality of education in secondary s...Alexander Decker
- The document examines key stakeholders' opinions on the language of instruction in secondary schools in Tanzania. It involved 408 respondents including teachers, students, and parents.
- Most teachers (64.5%) and students (78.1%) preferred English as the language of instruction, while some parents also preferred English. However, many students (69.5%) reported not understanding lessons well when taught fully in English.
- While English was still favored, most teachers did not use it exclusively in class, and 71.4% of students felt both English and Swahili should be used to aid understanding. The study concluded use of only English contributed to poor academic performance.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Good performance in English opens doors to many lucrative careers locally and internationally. Teaching reading and success in reading ability is therefore important for young learners. However, the ability for teachers to teach reading is not well documented. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ competence and attitudes towards reading ability among learners at preschool level. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of teachers’ competence on reading ability among pre-school children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The theory of planned behaviour and education production function theory guided the study. The study employed the mixed methods approach. An explanatory research design was used. The target population was all the 1252 pre-school teachers in Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the participating schools and individual teachers. A sample size of 294 schools was used. The instruments utilised were questionnaires, and observation schedules. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there are more female pre-school teachers than male. It was also found that most of the pre-school teachers were inexperienced. Results indicated that the teachers’ competency in English phonology was below average. The study results indicated that the pre-school children reading ability was poor. Teacher competency in English phonology was found to have a positive significant effect on reading ability of pre-school children (β= .307, p<0.05). The study concluded that pre-school teaching is a gendered profession characterized by low competency in English phonology. It was also concluded that teacher competency in English phonology has a bearing on the reading ability of pre-school children. The study therefore recommended that pre-school teachers be trained to improve their competency in English phonology as to improve the reading ability of pre-school children.
Keywords: English Phonology, Teacher Competency, Reading Ability.
Title: Effect of Teachers’ Competence in English Phonology on Reading Ability among Pre-School Children in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Author: Muthoni Bilhah Kiptoo, Prof. Khaemba Ongeti, Prof. J.K. Too
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
LANGUAGE LEARNING NEEDS OF FILIPINO-CHINESE LEARNERS AS INPUTS FOR THE PROP...CarloMedoranda
This document discusses a study that aimed to identify the language learning needs of Filipino-Chinese students in grades 4-6 at Bayanihan Institute in the Philippines. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data to determine students' objective and subjective needs.
The results showed that students' most common objective needs were a longer exposure to English, using bilingual instruction, emphasizing the importance of English, strengthening reading/writing skills, and using English frequently in and out of school. Their most common subjective needs included group work, less homework, practicing English inside and outside class, and using various instructional media. Most students saw learning English individually and in real-life contexts as their most important needs. The findings informed a proposed
This document summarizes a study that examined how social factors influence the academic performance of first-year sociology students at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. The study surveyed 210 students and analyzed how variables like home language, type of high school attended, being a first-generation student, living/study space, and family structure impacted academic achievement. The results showed that home language, type of high school, and living/study space significantly affected student performance.
Giving a voice to dyslexic adult students who speak English as a second languageThe Free School
This research paper aims to give post-secondary students with dyslexia a “voice” (Fuller et al., 2004, p. 459) in the academic domain. I offer a self-reflexive account of what I am
discovering about a learning disability termed “dyslexia” from teaching ‘Hiro’ as a private subject tutor. This paper has been peer reviewed by the University of Tasmania, Faculty of Education.
This article aims at exposing a design of project based content language integrated learning (CLIL) at a higher education insitution in Indonesia. Th design is proposed based on a mixture of the principle of language integrated learning (CLIL) and the principle of project based learning. The design was implemented for the teaching of English as a compulsory subject at three departments of the university of Lampung. Quantitative data was obtained from the value of students’ English proficiency before and after CLIL model application. While the qualitative data was obtained from the output of language produced by students during the learning process took place. The results showed that project based CLIL English language course at the faculty of teaching and education, the University of Lampung could work effectively. This is evident from the implementation of the whole program activities, from the implementation of the formation of groups, students work in groups to finish the project, group presentation activities, personal presentations and students’ responses to all activities.
Investigation into strategies of creativity in efl writing in jordanAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated strategies for creativity in English as a foreign language (EFL) writing among students in Jordan. The study utilized interviews and observations of 10 EFL teachers and 8 students. The results from teacher interviews identified 5 themes of strategies used: getting students started in writing, encouraging continued writing, focusing on instruction, valuing student writing, and encouraging creativity. However, observations found some discrepancies between reported and actual classroom strategies. Student interviews identified 5 barriers to creativity: vocabulary, coherence, lack of encouragement, lack of feedback, and lack of motivation. The study aimed to understand strategies to improve EFL writing creativity and barriers students face in promoting it.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the English skills of 40 Thai high school students. The students' listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills were tested before and after three English lessons using CLIL. The results showed significant improvements in all four skills after using CLIL. CLIL helped students learn content and language simultaneously. The study concluded that CLIL is an effective technique for improving English skills in high school students.
A comparative study of secondary school students’ performanceAlexander Decker
This study compared the performance of secondary school students in English and Social Studies in Osun State, Nigeria. The following key points are summarized:
1. Test results from 800 students across 10 schools showed a significant difference in performance between English and Social Studies, with higher average scores in Social Studies.
2. Scores varied significantly across the 10 schools in both subjects.
3. However, gender, school location, and school type (public vs. private) were not found to significantly influence student performance in either subject.
4. The researchers concluded students performed better in Social Studies than English, possibly due to factors other than English language proficiency influencing Social Studies understanding. Consistent teacher training was recommended to
Igbo language needs analysis of non igbo university of nigeria post-graduate ...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the Igbo language needs of non-Igbo post-graduate students at the University of Nigeria through a needs analysis. A survey was conducted of 76 non-Igbo post-graduate students living in campus housing. The findings showed the various aspects of Igbo language the students need to effectively communicate. As Nigeria uses education to promote national unity, the study concluded it is important to understand students' Igbo language needs to design an effective curriculum. Recommendations were provided to better teach Igbo language as an alternate language to non-native speakers at the university.
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahiliresearchinventy
Kiswahili one of the compulsory subjects that is nationally examined but there has been complaints about poor performance in schools. This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2012 in Kapseret Division of Uasin Gishu County. The study assessed the effects of the language of the catchment area in learning Kiswahili. The study was guided by sociocultural theory (SCT) and was descriptive in nature. Simple random sampling was used to select 15 out of 50 schools in Kapseret Division, it was also used to select 20 %(750) of standard six pupils from each of the selected schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 upper primary Kiswahili teachers; one class six Kiswahili teacher and a Kiswahili panel head from the selected schools. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation checklists. It was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as percentages and frequencies. The investigation found out Nandi was the language of the catchment area but Kiswahili was used in communication because of different ethnic communities. Kiswahili be used in schools, parents be sensitized to have a positive attitude towards Kiswahili hence changing the learners attitude.
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahiliinventy
Kiswahili one of the compulsory subjects that is nationally examined but there has been complaints about poor performance in schools. This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2012 in Kapseret Division of Uasin Gishu County. The study assessed the effects of the language of the catchment area in learning Kiswahili. The study was guided by sociocultural theory (SCT) and was descriptive in nature. Simple random sampling was used to select 15 out of 50 schools in Kapseret Division, it was also used to select 20 %(750) of standard six pupils from each of the selected schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 upper primary Kiswahili teachers; one class six Kiswahili teacher and a Kiswahili panel head from the selected schools. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation checklists. It was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as percentages and frequencies. The investigation found out Nandi was the language of the catchment area but Kiswahili was used in communication because of different ethnic communities. Kiswahili be used in schools, parents be sensitized to have a positive attitude towards Kiswahili hence changing the learners attitude.
Exploring The Implementation Of Quality Teaching And Learning Of Ordinary Lev...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Correlation of academic excellence and cognitive academic language proficienc...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between academic language proficiency and academic performance at the university level. It begins by defining academic language proficiency as the linguistic knowledge and skills needed to complete academic tasks. It then discusses how basic interpersonal communication skills differ from cognitive academic language proficiency, with the latter being more cognitively demanding. Finally, it hypothesizes that higher levels of English language proficiency are required for Ethiopian university students to succeed academically.
English as Gatekeeper
King, E. T., & Scott, L. M. (2014). English as gatekeeper: Linguistic capital and American schools. Journal for Multicultural Education, 8(4), 226-236. doi:10.1108/JME-06-2014-0026
This paper evaluates the linguistic and pedagogical skills of English language teachers in a multilingual milieu. The survey research method was adopted in this study. The target population for this study comprised teachers and students in public secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti. A total of one hundred teachers and one hundred students were drawn from three separate schools. A self-constructed questionnaire was carefully and specially designed to obtain the necessary data required for the execution of this study. Percentage and frequency counts were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that language teachers evaluate pedagogical contents regularly. It showed that the aspects teachers evaluated most were the cognitive skills of grammar, followed by essay writing but it is surprising that teachers do not frequently evaluate affective skills of oral English, comprehension and dictation. Moreover, of all the linguistic skills, listening, speaking and observation were less frequently evaluated while reading and writing were averagely evaluated. Finally, findings revealed some constraints to the effective pedagogical evaluation to include large classes, non-challant attitude of students, inadequate facilities, wide syllabus, lack of motivation, incompetence and inadequate time. Based on the findings, it was recommended that regular exposure to educational opportunities where teachers could be made to learn innovative evaluative techniques should be made available in schools.
The document summarizes a study that assessed the writing proficiency of 20 junior Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) and Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) students in Catanduanes State University in the 2012-2013 school year. The students were given a writing proficiency test and their essays were rated based on criteria like mechanics, content, grammar, vocabulary, and organization. The results showed that 15 of the 20 students demonstrated an advanced level of writing proficiency. Specifically, 11 students were found to have advanced proficiency while 5 students were rated as superior. Tables with the ratings given by 3 professors on the students' mechanics, content, organization, vocabulary, and grammar are also included.
The problems of Fluency in Spoken English among EFL Learners in Saudi Univers...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aims to investigate the problems and challenges which is usually experienced by
English learner's students in the Saudi universities when trying to speak English. It also checks at the problems
that students face when learning English language in Saudi universities and try to find remedies to this problem.
The research uses a questionnaire, interviews, and descriptive methods in the collection of data about fluency in
English language in universities in KSU as an example. The data was then statistically analyzed using the SPSS
program. The results showed that there are various problems which hinder fluency of English learning in the
universities and among them include: under-qualified teachers, unsuitable teaching materials and the methods
used in teaching are also poor. The other problem is the psychological factor which makes student lack
motivation while learning English. The study also contains ways in which these problems can be handled to
bring efficiency in learning and teaching English in Saudi universities.
KEYWORDS: The challenges of fluency in spoken English among the EFL students.
The Relationship between Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Structures of High...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study is to put forth attitudes of students to English class within the scope of socio-cultural structure. Scanning method was used in the study.5 point likert scale was used as a data collection tool. Questionnaire scale was composed of two parts. In the first part, demographical question items providing general information about students were included and in the second part, 5-point attitude items aiming at determining students' attitudes to English class were included. The questionnaire was prepared by scanning the relevant literature and scope and face validity of the questionnaire was tried to be fulfilled through opinions and suggestions provided by English teachers and expert Pedagogues. The items ranked in the questionnaire as "Strongly Disagree", "Disagree", "Neither Agree nor Disagree", "Agree", "Strongly Agree" were scored with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. High schools at the center of Siirt were chosen as population of the research. While determining the sample, easily accessible and random sampling methods were utilized. In this regard, students in Anatolian High School (Public High School), High School of Social Sciences, Vocational High School, High School of Athletics and High School of Fine Arts which are located in different socioeconomical environments in Siirt was chosen. After removing questionnaires responded by students in an uninterested and wrong way, resting 849 questionnaires were analyzed for data. In analyzing, SPSS 21 Package program was utilized and kruskall wallis analysis was used for descriptive statistics, frequency, crosstabs, independent groups t test, one-way variance and non-parametric tests. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was found 0.96. As a result, it was determined that students had a view of "undecided" for 38 items regarding attitudes to English class and although not being a very high average, "Agree" for 16 items in the questionnaire. It was determined there was a significant difference in favor of males between attitudes of students in High schools as to English classes in line with the independent variable 'gender'; on the other hand, there was not any significant difference between their attitudes in terms of independent variables 'Number of Family Members', 'Self-Expression' and 'Field of Teacher'
The aim of this research study is to analyze the appropriateness of the English syllabus according to the true language needs, which is being offered to the students of International Relations Department of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. To carry out this research study, students of IR department (Part 1 and 2) have been taken as a sample population to collect required data. To check the appropriateness of the offered English syllabus and existing level of English language competence according to the students’ needs; two research tools have been taken as: test and interview. In order to get the actual feedback from the students, a test consisted of four basic skills of English (listening, speaking, reading and writing) was conducted to 50 students of IR department. Interview was conducted to the teachers of IR department in order to get the actual information about the appropriateness of the English syllabus and the competency level of the students. Collected data through both the sources were analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The findings from these sources provided the results which were expected before the accomplishment of this research work. The findings of this research advocated that the EAP should be adopted to make the existing syllabus appropriate and need based in order to refine the basic English language skills of the students. This recommended course is very productive for social sciences disciplines of the BZU.
Language Needs Analysis for English Curriculum Validationinventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the language needs of 349 tertiary students in Oman to validate the English curriculum. The study found that most respondents were under 19 years old and female. It also found that identifying errors skills, writing skills, correct usage, reading skills and listening skills were significantly affected by the respondents' profiles, but speaking skills and vocabulary skills were not. The document discusses the methodology used, which was a descriptive method employing purposive sampling and questionnaires. It also provides tables analyzing the respondents' profiles and language performance in areas like listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar. The study aims to help curriculum designers develop an English learning process based on students' needs.
The Effects of Instructional Materials on Students’ Performance in English La...AJHSSR Journal
The document summarizes a research study that investigated the effects of instructional materials on students' performance in English language in secondary schools in Nigeria. Some key findings of the study include:
1. Students who were taught using instructional materials performed better on tests than students who were not taught using materials. There was a significant difference in performance between the two groups.
2. There was no significant difference found between the performances of male and female students who were both taught using instructional materials.
3. Both public and private school students performed better when taught with instructional materials compared to without. The performance difference was significant.
The study concluded that instructional materials help improve student understanding and learning. It recommended
Language attitudes of iranian junior high school students towards the English...Ehsan Abbaspour
This document summarizes a study that investigated the attitudes of Iranian junior high school students toward learning English. The study surveyed 116 students using a 20-item questionnaire to assess their views on topics like the educational and social role of English in Iran, the social and practical benefits of English proficiency, the impact of English on cultural identity, enjoyment of English, and discomfort with Iranians speaking English. The results showed that both female and male students generally held positive attitudes toward English, though females' attitudes were slightly more favorable. No significant differences were found between genders. The findings indicate Iranian junior high students view English positively and see its importance.
A study of the effect of home, school, and personal variables on students’ re...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of home, school, and personal variables on 200 Nigerian secondary students' reading comprehension achievement. The study found that while all variables affected performance, home and school factors had a significant effect, whereas personal variables did not. It was concluded that considering the variables together would largely predict reading comprehension achievement. The study recommended that parents and teachers have important roles to play in improving students' English language comprehension skills.
A study of the effect of home, school, and personal variables on students’ re...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of home, school, and personal variables on 200 Nigerian secondary students' reading comprehension achievement. The study found that while all variables affected performance, home and school factors had a significant effect, whereas personal variables did not. It was concluded that considering the variables together would largely predict reading comprehension achievement. The study recommended that parents and teachers have important roles to play in improving students' English language comprehension skills.
The present study was an attempt to see if there is a relationship between the Emotional Intelligence of the teachers and their attitudes toward Code Switching in Iranian EFL classes. Why some teachers use code switching in an EFL class and some others ignore it, is so challenging at the face of any foreign language class. The population in this study comprised of 140 individuals. To determine the sample size of EFL teachers, total numbering and simple random sampling method were used respectively resulting in the selection of 80 English teachers including 40 female and 40 male teachers. The mother tongue of the participants was Turkish/Persian ranging between the ages of 20 and 30.To collect the required data, first, two types of standard questionnaires were given to the participants; one of the questionnaires encompassing questions about code switching and the other one about the emotional intelligence. The reliability of both questionnaires was already established. According to the obtained results by means of SPSS software, it was shown that there was not any correlation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and code-switching and the educational outcome of EFL students in Iranian context. The results of the present study will pave the way for more accurate EFL classroom conduct and also other factors of the related issues in question could be considered by some other researchers.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing➑➌➋➑➒➎➑➑➊➍
Satta Matka Kalyan Main Mumbai Fastest Results
Satta Matka ❋ Sattamatka ❋ New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka ❋ Fast Matka ❋ Milan Market ❋ Kalyan Matka Results ❋ Satta Game ❋ Matka Game ❋ Satta Matka ❋ Kalyan Satta Matka ❋ Mumbai Main ❋ Online Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Tips ❋ Milan Chart ❋ Satta Matka Boss❋ New Star Day ❋ Satta King ❋ Live Satta Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Company ❋ Indian Matka ❋ Satta Matka 143❋ Kalyan Night Matka..
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYCAny kyc Account
Use our simple KYC verification guide to make sure your Binance account is safe and compliant. Discover the fundamentals, appreciate the significance of KYC, and trade on one of the biggest cryptocurrency exchanges with confidence.
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
An empirical investigation into literature in english as a support to
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.20, 2014
64
An Empirical Investigation into Literature in English as a
Support to Students Improved Performance in English Language
at the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination in Yobe
State - Nigeria
Hafsat Ahmad Abubakar,* B.Ed., MA.
Department of General Studies, School of General Studies, The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Nigeria
Abdullahi Kaigama
Department of General Studies, School of General Studies, The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Nigeria
Abstract
Language and literature are both methods of knowledge linguistic. Language provides man his intelligent form,
categorization and consistency. Language creates culture, whereas literature functions as the collection house of
culture. In fact relatively few researchers’ appear to focus on literature as an aid to learning of language as assert
by (Adeniyi, 2010). The purpose of this investigation therefore, is with the former. That is, it asks the question
“How does the study of English Literature aid performance in English Language at the School Certificate
Examination in Yobe State?" It is hoped that the outcome of the research on factors affecting attainment in
English Language in Yobe State and the recommendations may offer a working tool for tutors and supervisory
authorities and general public. Especially, with current public outreach and disappointment about the poor
performance of students in English Language at the Secondary School level of the state.
Background to the Study
The colonial masters introduced the English language to Nigerians as they did not value the native languages.
The English Language was seemed as the only official way of communication, teaching and training people to
serve in the government. The schools‟ curricula were designed after the culture, education and history of the
colonialists communicated through the use of the English language; this gave the citizens no other alternative
than to attain the English language. Therefore, the English Language became the countries’ lingua franca. That is
the language of “convenience‟ for interconnecting with different ethnic groups being trained and connected in a
common language. The superiority, proficiency and effectiveness of Nigeria’s school’s curriculum depend on the
English language as the official language. This was the outcome of injurious disposition of the colonialists to our
natives’ languages; in fact supervisor of schools, once dismissed the vernacular as “only interesting to the
comparative philologist and never expected to become of any applied use to civilization” English became a
second language in the country owing to the multi-lingual nature of the nation and it assisted in the
amalgamation of the nation. In Nigerian homes, children were educated from the foundation to speak the English
language as a language of communication. This study is fundamentally designed to examine the role of English
literature as an aid for improved students’ performance in school certificate examinations in Yobe state. The
English Language in the school Curriculum as it is affected by literature. Various language and linguists and
theorists have repeatedly attached high premium on authentic acquaintance with the grammatical structures and
composition of language, if certain criteria must be accomplished in it. On the other hand, the critics of literary
theorists and opponents frequently put forward a purely literary response to the question of learning and teaching
language. For them, realization in language abilities such as speaking, writing, listening and reading largely
depends on the extent, of skilled and proficient teaching in literature as suggested by (Adonis 1974). In fact
“literature entails of certain specified forms, varieties, and collections of language. (And as such), the study of
literature is basically a study of language ( Olatunde, 2010). While the findings of research are enormous with
discussions on, and studies relating to the linguistic point of view, comparatively limited studies seem to center
on the literary point of view. The concern of this study therefore is with the latter. That is, it asks the question
“How does the study of English Literature aid effective achievement in English Language at the Senior
Secondary School Examination in Yobe State? It is expected that the findings of this study of factors affecting
attainment in English language may offer a working tool for Yobe State Teachers, and candidates in senior
Secondary Schools Examinations and in English language in precise.
Research Design
The policy of West African Examination Council does not, allowed the disclose of raw scores obtained by
candidates at the school cert Examination, for this reasons the design of the research categorized into two of
passes, 'credit and above' and 'ordinary pass' grade. This was adopted as criteria for statistical judging
achievement in English Language. Hence, the research design for this study related independently the percentage
2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.20, 2014
65
of 'credit and above' grade and of 'ordinary pass’ grade earned in English Literature and English Language
papers. The used statistic T-test tool was adopted to test the level of significance of differences among the groups.
The adoption of T-test was needed since the population grouped in to two related groups (Glass and
Stanley1970).
Area of Study
The area for this study was Damaturu. In Yobe State, there are both government and private schools. Though,
the students’ performance in the public schools is the one mostly used by supervisory regulatory authority in the
country for planning. Hence, all the schools used in this study are public schools. The necessity for the coverage
of the research in taking this pattern was informed by the lack outing of majority of public schools in the state at
both SSCE and NECO in recent past.
Population
The population for this study was 1366 students from twelve secondary schools in Yobe State who took the
SSCE examination of June 2013. There were eight boys' schools and four girls' schools. Out of these 1366
students, 870 students sat for both English Language and English Literature Papers and 496 students sat for only
English Language. This population is so chosen because it is at this level that any course that is intended at
improving the proficiency of language and study skills of the students can best be measured. Secondly, it is at
this level that the students are anticipated to have had adequate exposure in English which is probably give them
comprehensive linguistic proficiency and so can be obtain admission to higher institutions where they
experiment complex studies in English Language.
Sample and Sampling Technique
The sample for the study was drawn from secondary school candidates who sat for the 2013 SSCE examination.
To ensure homogeneity, all the 1366 students from twelve secondary schools in Yobe State who took the SSCE
in English Language and Literature were considered for the stud. In selecting the sample, the researcher gave
every student an opportunity. This method guarantees effective appraisal without likely hood of bias. The same
technique was adopted to assist in grouping candidates who wrote for both Literature and English Language and
English Language only (Alemmal 1986).
Instruments for Data Collection
The researcher used two instruments these are investigation. (a)The students' SSCE 2013 results in both English
Language and English Literature from the result broadsheet sent to Educational Resource Centre (ERC). (b) The
Observation Checklist. The observation checklist was used to certify that every result fitted to the right student
and that the genuine number that sat for the examination had their results with the correct subject title against
their names. This is aimed at reducing the possibility of investigating wrong subject.
Validation of Instrument
To ensure the validity of the instrument the researcher adopted the used, the broad score sheet acquired from
ERC was related with the ones in the sample schools of study and also the state Ministry of Education. There
was also the verification of this result from the internet. The validity of the tool used was therefore established as
the most correct and most related as it does not give room for discrepancies.
Reliability of Instrument
The instrument is reliable because all the tested students whose results were on the broad result sheet had the
opportunity of being tested which brought about the result under study.
Method of Data Collection
An official letter of request to Educational Resource Centre and the Ministry of Education for the result sheet of
all those who sat for both English and Literature during the 2013 SSCE examination in the affected 12 schools
was written and presented. The result sheets were obtained and related with what was in the internet. In each of
the pairs compared, the DF was 48 and 3. Accordingly, the expected F value was 64.5 for the calculated F values
for the pairs compared were each less than 3. This means that the groups were identical.
Method of Data Analysis
The policy of West African Examination Council does not, allowed; the scores obtained by candidates in the
examinations to be disclose. As such, the broad result sheet was collected and classified into two groups of
passes, 'ordinary pass' grade and credit and above grade. These were used as statistical data for mediating
achievement in English language alone and in both English Language and Literature. The T-test with its z-values
3. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.20, 2014
66
was adopted to find different levels of significance. The descriptive technique was also used as a method for
analysis and explanation.
Results
Table 1 below represent candidate with grade Credit and Above' Grade in English Language by Type of
Candidate
Category Lang/Lit Lang
Category Boys Girls Boys Girls
Credit & above 67 73 43 31
Ordinary 96 52 156 22
Scores Diff (d) 29 21 113 10
Z 0.0496 -0.2677 3.3809 -0.7039
Zi, Z2, Z4 < Z5 %=> not significant = ordinary pass not less than credit.
Z3, Z5 %=> significant pass greater than credit
Z-values table was used to test the significance level. From the above table we can observed the distribution of
'credit and above' grade in English Language as 496 representing 67% for boys and 73% for girls respectively
who sat for both English Language and English Literature papers, and 43% representing boys and 31%
representing girls respectively who sat for only the English Language paper. It will be remembered that
categories of passes are, 'credit and above' and 'ordinary pass' grades, were adopted as a measure of performance
in English Language. The results analyses are presented independently for each of these standards measures as
indicated in the respective table.
Table 2: Z-values for Comparing Candidates Who Obtained 'Credit and Above' Grade in English
Language and Literature
Category Lang/Lit Lang
Boys 162 198
Girls 128 53
Scores Diff (d) 34 145
z -1.0 1.0
Boys are not better than girls.
Lang: The percentage of Credit and above' grade performance in English Language Boys had significantly
higher, Lit/Lang: Boys (Z = 0.04, p < .01. And, Lang/Lit: Girls had a proportion of 'Credit and above' Grade in
English Language that varied significantly from that of Lang: Boys (Z = 3.38, p < 0.1). Other performance was
found to be encouraging.
Table 3 Z-values for Comparing Candidates who obtained 'Ordinary Pass' Grade in English Language
Category Lang/Lit Lang
Lang B 67 43
Lang G 77 32
Scores Diff (d) 10 11
z -1 1
27.75,27.75
25.22
4. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.20, 2014
67
The Girls are not greater than the Boys.
The final table shows the Z-values resulting from comparison of scores of candidates in Lang/Lit versus Lang,
who obtained 'Ordinary Pass' Grade in English Language; however, two of the comparisons were significant.
Lang: Boys had highly significant proportion of ('Ordinary Pass' Grade) in English Language than Lang/Lit:
Boys (Z = 6.82, p < .01) and as well as Lang/Lit: Girls (Z = 3.93, p < .01). The remaining comparisons were not
significant.
Discussion of Findings
The Analysis of the results from this study revealed three major issues. To start with, the percentage of female
students who has an Ordinary Pass Grade in English Language at the SSCE Examination is greater than that of
male candidates, regardless the fact that the candidates offer English Literature or not . The findings were in line
with the findings of Binda S.I. (2010), related the results in Mathematics of candidates in co-educational and uni-
sex schools. He related this variance to the "popular myth" regarding the weakness of females in Mathematics
and in regard to the findings from this study we might be said to replicate the common myth about the
dominance of females in the arts related subjects, one of which is English Language. Secondly, the outcomes
appear to point out that at least over 43 percent of Yobe State candidates obtain failing grades in English
Language at the SSCE Examination. This indicate the terrible state of affairs, as earlier researchers have
acknowledged, since a pass in English Language is compulsory for gaining a full certificate while a credit is
entry prerequisite to the University and polytechnics/colleges in the country. By implications, those candidates
cannot easily secure admission in to higher institutions of learning in the country. This augments to social
complications when they perceive that expressive capacity does not essentially indicate their understanding of
language. Finally, the statistical result appears to poise that the study of English Literature does not
automatically or meaningfully inspired the student's proficiency in English Language. This finding should cause
concern to persons involved in teaching Language and Literature in our secondary schools. This supported the
positions of Geoffrey (2002). University of Benin conference for teachers of English held in October 2011 the
Literature working party suggested for the incorporation of teaching of English Language and English Literature
in the school curriculum. It was argued that this will improve the pupil's capacity to understand and integrate but
would also support his effort at attaining fluency in English Language usage. The inference here is that English
Language and English Literature should to supplement each other. That these outcomes do not bear out this
theory may be owing to some reasons. We would agree that a student's cultural upbringing, his environment and
academic capabilities considerably impact his performance in all parts of study. Joyce (2001) argued that certain
pupils come to the subject prepared with a great level of awareness while others come from environments where
they have never been encouraged to express an original thought. These are some of the difficulties that tutors of
English Language and English Literature have to contend with. In fact success would mean that the student
would grow self-confidence to express a reasonable opinion, enter creatively into the understandings of others
and thus increase practice in using the language which should resulted to greater ability in performance the
written word as argued by (Tom 2008). We must therefore, consider the requirements of Literature paper in
which the pupils are anticipated to show comprehensive knowledge of a partial number of texts which they have
read previously. Here pupils have to struggle to grip facts and the language of literature in context.
Conclusion
This study examined whether the study of English Literature impacts student's proficiency in English Language.
The overturned Stanine Grades in English Language O-Level, obtainable from the SSCE 2013 result broadsheet
of 870 candidates who sat for both English Language and English Literature papers were related with those of
496 students who sat for only the English Language; the results showed that the study of English Literature does
not support the study of English Language. Though, researchers are of the view that the study of English
Language and English Literature must to supplementary to each other. Certain reasons that appear to donate to
this discrepancy concerning theory and results are high-lighted for further study.
Recommendations
It is largely recognized that Literature should not be separated from real life and as such the range and choice of
Literature texts should be significantly broadened. For instance, it could include Literature which compacts with
modern challenges, Literature that is adequately close to the student's understanding that would engender interest
in the subject. By this, we do not mean a replacement of Nigerian names for English names with no effort at
making the experiences described appropriate to our real life; neither do we mean the prohibiting of Shakespeare
from the syllabus; but, we would like to see Shakespeare premeditated not simply in the historical background as
an workout in documentary analysis, but from the point of view of current times. Such a method would inspire
students to form sentiments which they can express rather than memorize views of other people. Also, if the
scope is expanded, the students should be inspired to read separate from classroom, thus increase their
5. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.20, 2014
68
vocabulary and support them to advance their awareness with the constructions of the Language. Quite often,
questions asked in the SSCE paper design to test the student's capacity both to remember and to understand facts
at a exact level; little emphasis is employed on analysis and response to these facts. It is clear that it is in these
areas that the student would formulate his own ideas, express them and thus prove his proficiency in the
Language. With a change in emphasis, we might well see an end to lines memorized from texts, inappropriately
quoted memorized model answers and paragraphs lifted out of ill-digested criticisms by other people. Literature
should be encouraged because it strengthens Language conducts, as Language ceases to be approached as a
system of symbols to be attained purely for passing 'English Papers but as a instrument for appreciating and
communicating the whole variety of human thought. There can be no doubt that in Yobe State where the
atmosphere does not foster the student's understanding with the Language; the student of Literature has no option
than to look Literature for the much desirable exposure to the Language. Both the teacher of English Literature
and the examination body should be conscious of this in order to shape their efforts to accomplish the desires of
the learners. Likewise, it appears clearly that except substantial thought is given to the approaches of teaching
and evaluation of both English Literature and English Language, we cannot use performance at school cert
examinations as a effective measure of the student's capacity to use the English Language.
References
Adeniyi, P.O. (2010). Resources and materials for teaching english language in nigerian primary and secondary
school. In applied social dimensions of language use and teaching in africa. Ghana: The University press, Cape
coast.
Alemal, C. (1986). Educational research 4th Ed. Englewood cliffs: PrenticeHall.
Awuzie, U.A. (2010). Language, Culture and the Nigerian situation. In Journal of nigerian languages and
culture: 12:1 March,2010.
Adonis, F. (1974:393). English literature as a passive catalyst to success in english language at the G.C.E. O-
Level Examination: In West African Journal of Education XVII: 3, October 1974.
Geoffrey, L. (2002). A Communicative Grammar of English (Third Edition) New York: Longman.
Glass, G. (1973). Statistical methods in education and psychology. Eaglewood Cliffs,
N.J. Prentice-Hall.Joyce, A.C. (2001). Writing and Grammar Communication in Action. NewJersey: Prentice-
Hall.
Labor, A.F. (1973). Co-education and mathematics attainment in western area in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone
Journal of Education. 8:2, 1973.
Moody, H.L. B. (1971). The teaching of literature in developing countries. London: Longman Group Ltd.
Olatunde, J.A. (2010). Language, Culture and the Nigerian situation.In Journal of Nigerian Languages and
Culture. 12:1, March, 2010.
Tom, S. (2008). The Language of Success. New York: AMACOM.
6. The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open-Access hosting service and academic event
management. The aim of the firm is Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the firm can be found on the homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR JOURNAL PAPERS
There are more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals hosted under the hosting
platform.
Prospective authors of journals can find the submission instruction on the
following page: http://www.iiste.org/journals/ All the journals articles are available
online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers
other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Paper version
of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
MORE RESOURCES
Book publication information: http://www.iiste.org/book/
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar
7. Business, Economics, Finance and Management Journals PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
European Journal of Business and Management EJBM@iiste.org
Research Journal of Finance and Accounting RJFA@iiste.org
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development JESD@iiste.org
Information and Knowledge Management IKM@iiste.org
Journal of Developing Country Studies DCS@iiste.org
Industrial Engineering Letters IEL@iiste.org
Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Chemistry Journals PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research CMR@iiste.org
Journal of Mathematical Theory and Modeling MTM@iiste.org
Advances in Physics Theories and Applications APTA@iiste.org
Chemical and Process Engineering Research CPER@iiste.org
Engineering, Technology and Systems Journals PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems CEIS@iiste.org
Innovative Systems Design and Engineering ISDE@iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org
Information and Knowledge Management IKM@iiste.org
Journal of Control Theory and Informatics CTI@iiste.org
Journal of Information Engineering and Applications JIEA@iiste.org
Industrial Engineering Letters IEL@iiste.org
Journal of Network and Complex Systems NCS@iiste.org
Environment, Civil, Materials Sciences Journals PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Environment and Earth Science JEES@iiste.org
Journal of Civil and Environmental Research CER@iiste.org
Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org
Life Science, Food and Medical Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Advances in Life Science and Technology ALST@iiste.org
Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare JBAH@iiste.org
Journal of Food Science and Quality Management FSQM@iiste.org
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research CMR@iiste.org
Education, and other Social Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Education and Practice JEP@iiste.org
Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization JLPG@iiste.org
Journal of New Media and Mass Communication NMMC@iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org
Historical Research Letter HRL@iiste.org
Public Policy and Administration Research PPAR@iiste.org
International Affairs and Global Strategy IAGS@iiste.org
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences RHSS@iiste.org
Journal of Developing Country Studies DCS@iiste.org
Journal of Arts and Design Studies ADS@iiste.org