Ammonia Oxidising Archaea poster
•
2 likes•1,039 views
This document summarizes research on ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA). AOA were discovered to play a significant role in ammonia oxidation in some environments, alongside ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). AOA belong to the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota and are ubiquitous. Their biochemistry of ammonia oxidation is unique and differs from AOB, with the product and pathway remaining unresolved. AOA generate greenhouse gases and may explain high methane levels in oceans. Future research will further genome sequencing and understanding of AOA biochemistry.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
![Ammonia Oxidising Archaea
George Foot, Ke Meng & Dan Wilson
Tweetable abstract: Archaea are now recognised as a dominant organism in the
oxidation of ammonia #AOA #HR926EnviroMicrob @GeorgeKeDan
1. Introduction
A fundamental component of the
nitrogen cycle is nitrification (fig. 1).
This involves the biological oxidation of
ammonia to nitrate. Until recently it had
been assumed that ammonia oxidation
was carried out exclusively by ammonia
oxidising bacteria (AOB) [1, 2].
However, subsequent research revealed
that ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA)
could be more significant in some
environments [fig. 2; 1, 3]
2. The Thaumarchaeota
In 2008 Brochier-Armanet et al.
[4] suggested a third archaeal
phylum characterised by the
ability to oxidise ammonia [5].
These archaea are ubiquitous [6]
and may therefore represent a
significant component of global
ammonia oxidation.
3. Biochemistry
4. Atmospheric chemistry
The biochemistry of archaeal ammonia
oxidation is unique and remains
unresolved. AOA share genes only
distantly related to those encoding the
ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) of AOB.
Currently there is no evidence that the
product of ammonia oxidation by AOA is
hydroxylamine and in fact it has been
suggested that nitroxyl could instead be
the product [7]. Nitroxyl may then be
oxidised to nitrite via a nitroxyl
oxidoreductase [8]. Furthermore Nitric
oxide may also be important in the
archaeal ammonia oxidation process.
AOA generate large amount of greenhouse
gases such as methane and nitrous oxide [5].
Furthermore Nitrosopumilus maritimus has
been demonstrated to be a biological source
of methylphosphonate. This could explain
part of the high concentration of methane in
surface oceans [9].
5. Future research
Rapid development of genome sequencing will
allow more efficient comparative studies
permitting for a greater understanding of the
evolutionary origins of AOA.
Furthermore, future research should focus on
furthering our understanding on AOA
biochemistry.
Figure captions
Figure 1: Schematic of the global N cycle [1]
Figure 2: Archaeal amoA genes compared to
bacterial amoA genes in a range of topsoils and
deeper soil layers[10]
Figure 1: Nitrogen cycle [ref. 1]
Figure 2: AOA & AOB abundance [ref. 10]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/archaeaposter-131206064923-phpapp02/85/Ammonia-Oxidising-Archaea-poster-1-320.jpg)
![References:
[1] Schleper, C. (2008). Metabolism of the deep. Nature, 456, 712-714.
[2] Zhang, L. M., Offre, P. R., He, J. Z., Verhamme, D. T., Nicol, G. W., & Prosser, J. I. (2010). Autotrophic ammonia
oxidation by soil thaumarchaea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 17240-17245.
[3] Könneke, M., Bernhard, A.E., José, R., Walker, C.B., Waterbury, J.B., & Stahl, D.A. (2005). Isolation of an autotrophic
ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon. Nature, 437, 543-546.
[4] Brochier-Armanet C, Boussau B, Gribaldo S, & Forterre P. (2008). Mesophilic Crenarchaeota: proposal for a third
archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 245–52
[5] Stahl, D.A., & de la Torre, J.R. (2012). Physiology and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Annual review of
microbiology, 66, 83-101.
[6] Offre, P., Spang, A., & Schleper, C. (2013). Archaea in biogeochemical cycles. Annu. Rev. Microbiol, 67, 437–57.
[7] Walker CB ,de la Torre JR ,Klotz MG, Urakawa H,Pinel N,et al.(2010). Nitrosopumilus maritimus genome reveals
unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
107, 8818–23
[8] Hatzenpichler, R. (2012). Diversity, Physiology, and Niche Differentiation of Ammonia- Oxidizing Archaea. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology. 78,21, 7501–7510.
[9] Reeburgh W.S. (2007). Oceanic methane biogeochemistry. Chem. Rev., 107,486–513.
[10] Leininger S, Urich T, Schloter M, Schwark L, Qi J, et al. (2006). Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing
prokaryotes in soils. Nature, 442, 806–9.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
B4 07-nitrates and active transport
This document discusses the nitrogen cycle and how plants uptake nitrate ions from the soil through their roots. It explains that plants need nitrogen to make amino acids and proteins. Nitrogen enters the soil through fertilizers or by being fixed by bacteria that live symbiotically with legume plants. The document then describes how root cells are specialized to absorb nitrate ions from the soil through active transport, using energy to transport the ions against their concentration gradient into the root hair cells. It provides diagrams of root structures and the process of active transport. Students are assigned a homework task to research and write about legume plants.
Sulfur metabolism in bacteria
Sulfur is an essential element that plays an important role in biological processes through electron transfers. Understanding sulfur metabolism in model organisms like Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis is important to extend knowledge to other ecological niches. Sulfur metabolism involves three main processes: synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and coenzymes, catabolism and equilibration of sulfur molecules, and methionine recycling. Iron-sulfur proteins and copper proteins participate in one-electron transfers involving oxidation states of iron and copper.
Sulphur cycle
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
The functional complexity of [NiFe] hydrogenases in sulfate reducing bacteria...
The functional complexity of [NiFe] hydrogenases in sulfate reducing bacteria...Tijani Hamzat Ibiyeye
Abstract: Sulfate-reducing bacteria are categories of bacteria and archaea that can obtain energy by oxidizing organic compounds or molecular hydrogen while reducing sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. By analysis, these organisms "respire" sulfate rather than oxygen, a form of anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of hydrogen by the primary
genus of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) is catalyzed by enzymes called Hydrogenases. Three basic types of hydrogenases have been widely isolated from the primary genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfobibrio which differ in their structural subunits, metal compositions, physico-chemical characteristics, amino acid sequences, immunological activities, structural gene configuration and their catalytic properties. Broadly, hydrogenases can be considered as ‘iron containing hydrogenases and nickel-containing hydrogenases. The iron-sulfur containing hydrogenase enzyme contains two ferredoxin-type clusters and typical iron-sulfur center believed to be involved in the activation of H2 yet it is the most sensitive domain to CO and NO2−. Even though it is not featured in all species of genus Desulfovibrio. The nickel-(iron-sulfur)-containing hydrogenases, [NiFe] hydrogenase posses two 4Fe-4S centers and one 3Fe-xS cluster in addition to nickel and have been found in all species of Desulfovibrio with strong resistance to CO and NO2- so far investigated. The genes encoding the large and small subunits of a periplasmic and
membrane-bound species of the [NiFe] hydrogenase have been cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced, however the functional complexity of the hydrogenase system remained unexplored as a result of the metabolic diversity in Desulfovibrio spp. The [NiFe] hydrogenase plays an important role in the energy metabolism of Desulfovibrio spp. Thus,
the expression of the encoded structural genes would be an excellent marker for the metabolic functionalities under specific inducible environment Carbon cycle
Carbon is an essential element that cycles between the atmosphere, ocean, organisms, and geologic reservoirs as part of the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis incorporates carbon from the air and water into organic compounds, while respiration and decomposition release it back. Fossil fuels like coal and oil were formed from ancient plant and algae remains over millions of years. Burning fossil fuels returns carbon to the air, and limestone erosion also adds carbon back to the cycle through weathering. The carbon cycle continuously moves carbon between the biosphere and geosphere.
Carbon and nitrogen cycle
The document discusses the carbon and nitrogen cycles. It describes how carbon and nitrogen move between different reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, living organisms, oceans, and fossil fuels. Key steps in the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and the burning of fossil fuels. The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation, decay, nitrification, and denitrification as microbes convert nitrogen between gas, organic, and inorganic forms. Human activities like burning fossil fuels are increasing carbon dioxide levels and affecting global climate.
sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an element that plays an important role in ecosystems and industries. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through both sedimentary and gaseous phases. The global sulfur cycle circulates approximately 300 x 1012 grams of sulfur per year through various natural and human sources and sinks. While natural processes like volcanic eruptions and decomposition release sulfur into the atmosphere, human activities like burning fossil fuels have significantly increased atmospheric sulfur levels since the Industrial Revolution, contributing to issues like acid rain that damage both the environment and man-made structures.
Exposición Inglés Grupo 302 3 Trimestre
This document discusses carbon compounds and organic chemistry. It covers several key topics:
- Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds which are central to life on Earth. Carbon can form DNA, amino acids, proteins, and other vital molecules.
- It describes the early distinction between organic and inorganic compounds, and the development of structural theories. Carbon can form multiple bonds including single, double, and triple bonds.
- Representative carbon compounds are examined including alkanes like methane, alkenes like ethene and propene, alkynes, and aromatic compounds such as benzene which is represented by a six-carbon ring structure. Functional groups and intermolecular forces are also discussed.
Recommended
B4 07-nitrates and active transport
This document discusses the nitrogen cycle and how plants uptake nitrate ions from the soil through their roots. It explains that plants need nitrogen to make amino acids and proteins. Nitrogen enters the soil through fertilizers or by being fixed by bacteria that live symbiotically with legume plants. The document then describes how root cells are specialized to absorb nitrate ions from the soil through active transport, using energy to transport the ions against their concentration gradient into the root hair cells. It provides diagrams of root structures and the process of active transport. Students are assigned a homework task to research and write about legume plants.
Sulfur metabolism in bacteria
Sulfur is an essential element that plays an important role in biological processes through electron transfers. Understanding sulfur metabolism in model organisms like Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis is important to extend knowledge to other ecological niches. Sulfur metabolism involves three main processes: synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and coenzymes, catabolism and equilibration of sulfur molecules, and methionine recycling. Iron-sulfur proteins and copper proteins participate in one-electron transfers involving oxidation states of iron and copper.
Sulphur cycle
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
The functional complexity of [NiFe] hydrogenases in sulfate reducing bacteria...
The functional complexity of [NiFe] hydrogenases in sulfate reducing bacteria...Tijani Hamzat Ibiyeye
Abstract: Sulfate-reducing bacteria are categories of bacteria and archaea that can obtain energy by oxidizing organic compounds or molecular hydrogen while reducing sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. By analysis, these organisms "respire" sulfate rather than oxygen, a form of anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of hydrogen by the primary
genus of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) is catalyzed by enzymes called Hydrogenases. Three basic types of hydrogenases have been widely isolated from the primary genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfobibrio which differ in their structural subunits, metal compositions, physico-chemical characteristics, amino acid sequences, immunological activities, structural gene configuration and their catalytic properties. Broadly, hydrogenases can be considered as ‘iron containing hydrogenases and nickel-containing hydrogenases. The iron-sulfur containing hydrogenase enzyme contains two ferredoxin-type clusters and typical iron-sulfur center believed to be involved in the activation of H2 yet it is the most sensitive domain to CO and NO2−. Even though it is not featured in all species of genus Desulfovibrio. The nickel-(iron-sulfur)-containing hydrogenases, [NiFe] hydrogenase posses two 4Fe-4S centers and one 3Fe-xS cluster in addition to nickel and have been found in all species of Desulfovibrio with strong resistance to CO and NO2- so far investigated. The genes encoding the large and small subunits of a periplasmic and
membrane-bound species of the [NiFe] hydrogenase have been cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced, however the functional complexity of the hydrogenase system remained unexplored as a result of the metabolic diversity in Desulfovibrio spp. The [NiFe] hydrogenase plays an important role in the energy metabolism of Desulfovibrio spp. Thus,
the expression of the encoded structural genes would be an excellent marker for the metabolic functionalities under specific inducible environment Carbon cycle
Carbon is an essential element that cycles between the atmosphere, ocean, organisms, and geologic reservoirs as part of the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis incorporates carbon from the air and water into organic compounds, while respiration and decomposition release it back. Fossil fuels like coal and oil were formed from ancient plant and algae remains over millions of years. Burning fossil fuels returns carbon to the air, and limestone erosion also adds carbon back to the cycle through weathering. The carbon cycle continuously moves carbon between the biosphere and geosphere.
Carbon and nitrogen cycle
The document discusses the carbon and nitrogen cycles. It describes how carbon and nitrogen move between different reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, living organisms, oceans, and fossil fuels. Key steps in the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and the burning of fossil fuels. The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation, decay, nitrification, and denitrification as microbes convert nitrogen between gas, organic, and inorganic forms. Human activities like burning fossil fuels are increasing carbon dioxide levels and affecting global climate.
sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an element that plays an important role in ecosystems and industries. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through both sedimentary and gaseous phases. The global sulfur cycle circulates approximately 300 x 1012 grams of sulfur per year through various natural and human sources and sinks. While natural processes like volcanic eruptions and decomposition release sulfur into the atmosphere, human activities like burning fossil fuels have significantly increased atmospheric sulfur levels since the Industrial Revolution, contributing to issues like acid rain that damage both the environment and man-made structures.
Exposición Inglés Grupo 302 3 Trimestre
This document discusses carbon compounds and organic chemistry. It covers several key topics:
- Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds which are central to life on Earth. Carbon can form DNA, amino acids, proteins, and other vital molecules.
- It describes the early distinction between organic and inorganic compounds, and the development of structural theories. Carbon can form multiple bonds including single, double, and triple bonds.
- Representative carbon compounds are examined including alkanes like methane, alkenes like ethene and propene, alkynes, and aromatic compounds such as benzene which is represented by a six-carbon ring structure. Functional groups and intermolecular forces are also discussed.
Sulfur cycle
The sulfur cycle has both sedimentary and gaseous components. Sulfur enters the biosphere through natural processes like rock weathering and volcanic eruptions or through human activities like burning fossil fuels. It cycles through terrestrial and marine environments and can be found in soil, oceans, plants, and animals. Various bacteria play important roles in processing and transforming sulfur as it moves between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Sulphur cycle
This document discusses the sulfur cycle and transformations of sulfur in nature. It notes that sulfur exists in both organic and inorganic forms in soil, and undergoes four main transformations: decomposition to release inorganic sulfur, microbial immobilization, oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds, and reduction of sulfates. Key aspects of the sulfur cycle include mineralization of organic sulfur by microorganisms, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial oxidation of sulfur compounds like sulfides and thiosulfates. Thiobacillus bacteria are important for sulfur oxidation. Sulfate reduction is also discussed.
Biosorption process for removal and recovery (1)
This document summarizes a presentation on the biosorption process for removal and recovery of heavy and precious metals from aqueous solutions. The presentation covers the historical background of biosorption from the 1980s to present, current developments including applications and mechanisms, and future trends. Biosorption utilizes inactive biomass such as algae, fungi and bacteria or their derivatives to bind and concentrate metals from dilute solutions. The presentation provides examples of marine algae collected in Singapore that are effective biosorbents and discusses characterization techniques. Mechanisms of metal biosorption include surface complex formation, ion exchange and coordination. Kinetic models of biosorption by various seaweeds and a calcium alginate biosorbent resin are also presented.
ICCA -2013 CONF. Presentation1
The document summarizes research investigating the potential use of the filamentous green algae Oedogonium sp. for removing trace elements like copper, cobalt, chromium, iron, mercury, nickel, zinc and uranium from aqueous systems in gold mining sites. Through a series of batch experiments, the researchers found that Oedogonium sp. effectively adsorbed these metals from multi-ion solutions with maximum adsorption capacities comparable to literature values. The adsorption was influenced by factors like pH, concentration, contact time and temperature. Over multiple cycles of adsorption and desorption, the algal biomass could be regenerated and reused, increasing its adsorption efficiency. The study highlights the potential of this algal biomass
Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganisms
Biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Microbes have been widely used in the process of environmental clean-up and are known as bioremediators
Sulphur cycle 7
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur within the biosphere and lithosphere. Sulfur cycles between its mineral form in rocks and sediments and its organic form in living organisms. Key steps include the mineralization of organic sulfur into inorganic forms like hydrogen sulfide, oxidation of these forms to sulfate, reduction of sulfate back to sulfide, and incorporation of sulfide into organic compounds. Sulfur is an essential nutrient for life and affects many minerals through these geochemical cycles.
Orlu_R N Poster
This document discusses geochemical controls during the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. It provides background on past research showing microorganisms can use iron reduction to generate energy. More recent research has found biological iron redox transformations greatly influence aquifer and groundwater geochemistry. The document proposes a study to investigate intrinsic, iron-mediated degradation of volatile hydrocarbons like toluene in contaminated subsurface environments. It involves three stages: 1) laboratory experiments under anoxic conditions to simulate contaminated soil, 2) chemical extractions to assess iron pools involved in contaminant removal, and 3) stable carbon isotope analysis to differentiate carbonate pools and elucidate the effect of soil matrices on toluene removal and carbon
Carbon Cycle
The document discusses the carbon cycle, which involves the movement of carbon between different reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and lithosphere. Carbon cycles through these reservoirs through various processes on timescales ranging from years to millions of years. Key aspects of the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, weathering of rocks, deep ocean storage, and the formation and combustion of fossil fuels.
Sulphur cycle
This document summarizes the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur mediated by soil microorganisms. It describes the four main steps: (1) degradation of organic compounds by bacteria to release hydrogen sulfide, (2) oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur by photosynthetic bacteria, (3) oxidation of elemental sulfur to sulfates by chemolithotrophic bacteria, and (4) reduction of sulfates back to hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfates are the most readily available form of sulfur for uptake by plants and are beneficial to agriculture. The cycle involves various microorganisms transforming sulfur between its reduced and oxidized states.
Microbes at the extreme
Bioleaching, or biohydrometallurgical processing, is the use of microorganisms to recover precious and base metals from mineral ores through their natural ability to catalyze reactions that solubilize metals. Certain microorganisms are able to oxidize reduced sulphide ores, enhancing metal solubilization. Bioleaching is used commercially to recover copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and uranium from ores through either direct leaching of metals into solution or pre-treatment oxidation of ores before cyanidation. This process was first observed in the 1950s and utilizes acid-tolerant, metal-oxidizing microbes like Acidithiobaccillus ferrooxidans under acidic conditions to indirectly leach metals via
1553
This document summarizes research examining the reduction of uranium (U) by iron (Fe) in the presence of titanium (Ti). The key findings are:
1) When U(VI) was reduced by magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3-xTixO4), titanium incorporation did not affect the ability of magnetite to reduce U(VI) to U(IV). However, with Ti-doped magnetite a U(IV) phase formed that lacked dioxo bridges between U atoms, distinct from uraninite.
2) Further experiments found U(IV) was stabilized as a mononuclear surface complex on Ti-doped magnetite. Co-precipitation of U(VI
Biochemistry of geo microbes & Biomineralization
This document discusses biomineralization by geomicrobes. It defines biomineralization as a process where living organisms influence mineral precipitation. There are two types: biologically induced mineralization, where minerals nucleate and grow extracellularly due to metabolic byproducts; and biologically controlled mineralization, where microbes exert active control over mineral nucleation and growth within intracellular compartments. Examples given include magnetite formation by magnetotactic bacteria through biologically controlled mineralization within intracellular vesicles. Biomineralization has significance for applications like bioremediation of metal-contaminated water.
Geocycle iron and phosphorus
The document discusses the biogeochemical cycles of iron and phosphorus. It explains that biological elements undergo continuous cycles between mineral/non-living and living states. Microorganisms play a key role in transforming elements and facilitating nutrient cycles. The iron cycle involves the transformation of iron between its ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) states through both abiotic and microbial processes. The cycle transports iron between lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere reservoirs.
Orlu R N 2017
The document presents Rosemary Orlu's PhD thesis which investigates the geochemical controls of hydrocarbon degradation in soils under iron-reducing conditions. A series of mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine the effects of soil type, iron mineral amendments, and carbon sources on the biodegradation of toluene. Statistical models were developed to predict toluene removal based on the experimental data using a mixed effects modeling approach.
Masters Proposal Powerpoint Presentation
The document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of metals in tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) from three populations in South Africa. The study aims to show that tigerfish bioaccumulate metals through their predatory diet and experience stress as evidenced by biomarker responses. Tigerfish were sampled from the Olifants, Levuvhu, and Jozini Dam, representing varying degrees of metal contamination. Metal concentrations in water, sediment, and tigerfish tissue were measured along with biomarkers in tigerfish liver to evaluate stress responses over time and relate them to metal bioaccumulation levels. The results are expected to provide information on metal speciation, distribution, bioaccumulation patterns in tigerfish, and identify
Bicarbonate-from anion exchange: Inorganic and Organic Fouling
Bicarbonate-form anion exchange may address issues with chloride-form resins like increased chloride in treated water and difficult to dispose saline brine waste. This research project compares fouling of bicarbonate versus chloride-form resins. Preliminary conclusions are that magnesium increases fouling the most for both, fouling occurs rapidly with bicarbonate-form in magnesium's presence, and biofilms will form in a bicarbonate-form column with a healthy microbial population. The objective is to determine how fouling differs between the two resin forms.
Ppt nitrogen cycle
The document discusses the nitrogen cycle, which is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. It involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen by biological nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by bacteria and cyanobacteria. This fixed nitrogen is then assimilated by plants and converted to protein and nucleic acids. The nitrogen in organic matter is then converted back to inorganic forms through ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, completing the cycle. The nitrogen cycle is essential for life on Earth as it regulates the nitrogen necessary for all organisms.
Meulepas, 2009, Enrichment Of Anaerobic Methanotrophs In Sulfate Reducing Mem...
This document summarizes a study that used membrane bioreactors to enrich anaerobic methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing archaea) by coupling their metabolism to sulfate reduction. The researchers inoculated reactors with sediment from the Baltic Sea and operated them at 15°C or 30°C, with one 30°C reactor also containing granular sludge. They monitored volumetric methane oxidation and sulfate reduction rates over time. After 884 days, a 15°C reactor achieved rates of 1.0 mmol/g VSS/day, indicating enrichment. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the archaea ANME-2a became dominant. The membrane bioreactor system effectively enriched the slow-growing methanotroph
Sulfur cycle
This document summarizes the sulfur cycle. It explains that sulfur is the 10th most abundant element in the earth's crust and is essential for proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes in plants and animals. The sulfur cycle involves the transformation of sulfur between its various forms, including elemental sulfur, sulfate, sulfide and organic sulfur compounds. As sulfur moves through this cycle, it is oxidized and reduced by bacteria and other organisms and plays an important role in biochemical processes before returning to the environment.
Biosorption of heavy metals
Biosorption is a process where toxic heavy metals are removed from wastewater using biological material. It involves the binding of metals like arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead, and mercury to biomass like algae, fungi, bacteria and plants. The mechanisms of biosorption include ion exchange, chelation and physical adsorption to cell walls and membranes. Factors affecting biosorption are biomass concentration, pH, temperature. Biosorption has applications in wastewater treatment for industries like metal plating and mining due to its cost effectiveness and metal recovery abilities.
Jagerma, 2009, Microbial Diversity And Community Structure Of A Highly Active...
This study characterized the microbial community in a bioreactor enrichment capable of high-rate anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction. Analysis showed that methanotrophy was performed predominantly by archaea belonging to the ANME-2a subgroup. Sulfate reduction was likely carried out by deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria related to Desulfotignum. Incubation with 13C-labeled methane revealed substantial incorporation of 13C into both bacterial and archaeal lipids, indicating active methane consumption by both groups. While some ANME-2/sulfate-reducer consortia were present, many ANME-2a cells occurred as single cells not closely associated with bacterial partners. This
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MANGANESE_Biogenic Metals in Water Treatment and Managem...
This document summarizes biotransformation of manganese by microorganisms and the influence of manganese oxide on scavenging trace elements. It discusses that manganese exists in multiple oxidation states that are biologically significant, and microbes can enzymatically oxidize soluble Mn(II) to insoluble Mn(III) and Mn(IV) oxides much faster than abiotic chemical oxidation. These biogenic manganese oxides have amorphous structures with large surface areas that allow them to strongly adsorb various contaminants like arsenic and selenium. The document reviews several manganese-oxidizing bacteria like Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus sp. that produce stable manganese oxide precipitates, demonstrating the potential for micro
More Related Content
What's hot
Sulfur cycle
The sulfur cycle has both sedimentary and gaseous components. Sulfur enters the biosphere through natural processes like rock weathering and volcanic eruptions or through human activities like burning fossil fuels. It cycles through terrestrial and marine environments and can be found in soil, oceans, plants, and animals. Various bacteria play important roles in processing and transforming sulfur as it moves between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Sulphur cycle
This document discusses the sulfur cycle and transformations of sulfur in nature. It notes that sulfur exists in both organic and inorganic forms in soil, and undergoes four main transformations: decomposition to release inorganic sulfur, microbial immobilization, oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds, and reduction of sulfates. Key aspects of the sulfur cycle include mineralization of organic sulfur by microorganisms, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial oxidation of sulfur compounds like sulfides and thiosulfates. Thiobacillus bacteria are important for sulfur oxidation. Sulfate reduction is also discussed.
Biosorption process for removal and recovery (1)
This document summarizes a presentation on the biosorption process for removal and recovery of heavy and precious metals from aqueous solutions. The presentation covers the historical background of biosorption from the 1980s to present, current developments including applications and mechanisms, and future trends. Biosorption utilizes inactive biomass such as algae, fungi and bacteria or their derivatives to bind and concentrate metals from dilute solutions. The presentation provides examples of marine algae collected in Singapore that are effective biosorbents and discusses characterization techniques. Mechanisms of metal biosorption include surface complex formation, ion exchange and coordination. Kinetic models of biosorption by various seaweeds and a calcium alginate biosorbent resin are also presented.
ICCA -2013 CONF. Presentation1
The document summarizes research investigating the potential use of the filamentous green algae Oedogonium sp. for removing trace elements like copper, cobalt, chromium, iron, mercury, nickel, zinc and uranium from aqueous systems in gold mining sites. Through a series of batch experiments, the researchers found that Oedogonium sp. effectively adsorbed these metals from multi-ion solutions with maximum adsorption capacities comparable to literature values. The adsorption was influenced by factors like pH, concentration, contact time and temperature. Over multiple cycles of adsorption and desorption, the algal biomass could be regenerated and reused, increasing its adsorption efficiency. The study highlights the potential of this algal biomass
Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganisms
Biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Microbes have been widely used in the process of environmental clean-up and are known as bioremediators
Sulphur cycle 7
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur within the biosphere and lithosphere. Sulfur cycles between its mineral form in rocks and sediments and its organic form in living organisms. Key steps include the mineralization of organic sulfur into inorganic forms like hydrogen sulfide, oxidation of these forms to sulfate, reduction of sulfate back to sulfide, and incorporation of sulfide into organic compounds. Sulfur is an essential nutrient for life and affects many minerals through these geochemical cycles.
Orlu_R N Poster
This document discusses geochemical controls during the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. It provides background on past research showing microorganisms can use iron reduction to generate energy. More recent research has found biological iron redox transformations greatly influence aquifer and groundwater geochemistry. The document proposes a study to investigate intrinsic, iron-mediated degradation of volatile hydrocarbons like toluene in contaminated subsurface environments. It involves three stages: 1) laboratory experiments under anoxic conditions to simulate contaminated soil, 2) chemical extractions to assess iron pools involved in contaminant removal, and 3) stable carbon isotope analysis to differentiate carbonate pools and elucidate the effect of soil matrices on toluene removal and carbon
Carbon Cycle
The document discusses the carbon cycle, which involves the movement of carbon between different reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and lithosphere. Carbon cycles through these reservoirs through various processes on timescales ranging from years to millions of years. Key aspects of the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, weathering of rocks, deep ocean storage, and the formation and combustion of fossil fuels.
Sulphur cycle
This document summarizes the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur mediated by soil microorganisms. It describes the four main steps: (1) degradation of organic compounds by bacteria to release hydrogen sulfide, (2) oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur by photosynthetic bacteria, (3) oxidation of elemental sulfur to sulfates by chemolithotrophic bacteria, and (4) reduction of sulfates back to hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfates are the most readily available form of sulfur for uptake by plants and are beneficial to agriculture. The cycle involves various microorganisms transforming sulfur between its reduced and oxidized states.
Microbes at the extreme
Bioleaching, or biohydrometallurgical processing, is the use of microorganisms to recover precious and base metals from mineral ores through their natural ability to catalyze reactions that solubilize metals. Certain microorganisms are able to oxidize reduced sulphide ores, enhancing metal solubilization. Bioleaching is used commercially to recover copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and uranium from ores through either direct leaching of metals into solution or pre-treatment oxidation of ores before cyanidation. This process was first observed in the 1950s and utilizes acid-tolerant, metal-oxidizing microbes like Acidithiobaccillus ferrooxidans under acidic conditions to indirectly leach metals via
1553
This document summarizes research examining the reduction of uranium (U) by iron (Fe) in the presence of titanium (Ti). The key findings are:
1) When U(VI) was reduced by magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3-xTixO4), titanium incorporation did not affect the ability of magnetite to reduce U(VI) to U(IV). However, with Ti-doped magnetite a U(IV) phase formed that lacked dioxo bridges between U atoms, distinct from uraninite.
2) Further experiments found U(IV) was stabilized as a mononuclear surface complex on Ti-doped magnetite. Co-precipitation of U(VI
Biochemistry of geo microbes & Biomineralization
This document discusses biomineralization by geomicrobes. It defines biomineralization as a process where living organisms influence mineral precipitation. There are two types: biologically induced mineralization, where minerals nucleate and grow extracellularly due to metabolic byproducts; and biologically controlled mineralization, where microbes exert active control over mineral nucleation and growth within intracellular compartments. Examples given include magnetite formation by magnetotactic bacteria through biologically controlled mineralization within intracellular vesicles. Biomineralization has significance for applications like bioremediation of metal-contaminated water.
Geocycle iron and phosphorus
The document discusses the biogeochemical cycles of iron and phosphorus. It explains that biological elements undergo continuous cycles between mineral/non-living and living states. Microorganisms play a key role in transforming elements and facilitating nutrient cycles. The iron cycle involves the transformation of iron between its ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) states through both abiotic and microbial processes. The cycle transports iron between lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere reservoirs.
Orlu R N 2017
The document presents Rosemary Orlu's PhD thesis which investigates the geochemical controls of hydrocarbon degradation in soils under iron-reducing conditions. A series of mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine the effects of soil type, iron mineral amendments, and carbon sources on the biodegradation of toluene. Statistical models were developed to predict toluene removal based on the experimental data using a mixed effects modeling approach.
Masters Proposal Powerpoint Presentation
The document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of metals in tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) from three populations in South Africa. The study aims to show that tigerfish bioaccumulate metals through their predatory diet and experience stress as evidenced by biomarker responses. Tigerfish were sampled from the Olifants, Levuvhu, and Jozini Dam, representing varying degrees of metal contamination. Metal concentrations in water, sediment, and tigerfish tissue were measured along with biomarkers in tigerfish liver to evaluate stress responses over time and relate them to metal bioaccumulation levels. The results are expected to provide information on metal speciation, distribution, bioaccumulation patterns in tigerfish, and identify
Bicarbonate-from anion exchange: Inorganic and Organic Fouling
Bicarbonate-form anion exchange may address issues with chloride-form resins like increased chloride in treated water and difficult to dispose saline brine waste. This research project compares fouling of bicarbonate versus chloride-form resins. Preliminary conclusions are that magnesium increases fouling the most for both, fouling occurs rapidly with bicarbonate-form in magnesium's presence, and biofilms will form in a bicarbonate-form column with a healthy microbial population. The objective is to determine how fouling differs between the two resin forms.
Ppt nitrogen cycle
The document discusses the nitrogen cycle, which is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. It involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen by biological nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by bacteria and cyanobacteria. This fixed nitrogen is then assimilated by plants and converted to protein and nucleic acids. The nitrogen in organic matter is then converted back to inorganic forms through ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, completing the cycle. The nitrogen cycle is essential for life on Earth as it regulates the nitrogen necessary for all organisms.
Meulepas, 2009, Enrichment Of Anaerobic Methanotrophs In Sulfate Reducing Mem...
This document summarizes a study that used membrane bioreactors to enrich anaerobic methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing archaea) by coupling their metabolism to sulfate reduction. The researchers inoculated reactors with sediment from the Baltic Sea and operated them at 15°C or 30°C, with one 30°C reactor also containing granular sludge. They monitored volumetric methane oxidation and sulfate reduction rates over time. After 884 days, a 15°C reactor achieved rates of 1.0 mmol/g VSS/day, indicating enrichment. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the archaea ANME-2a became dominant. The membrane bioreactor system effectively enriched the slow-growing methanotroph
Sulfur cycle
This document summarizes the sulfur cycle. It explains that sulfur is the 10th most abundant element in the earth's crust and is essential for proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes in plants and animals. The sulfur cycle involves the transformation of sulfur between its various forms, including elemental sulfur, sulfate, sulfide and organic sulfur compounds. As sulfur moves through this cycle, it is oxidized and reduced by bacteria and other organisms and plays an important role in biochemical processes before returning to the environment.
Biosorption of heavy metals
Biosorption is a process where toxic heavy metals are removed from wastewater using biological material. It involves the binding of metals like arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead, and mercury to biomass like algae, fungi, bacteria and plants. The mechanisms of biosorption include ion exchange, chelation and physical adsorption to cell walls and membranes. Factors affecting biosorption are biomass concentration, pH, temperature. Biosorption has applications in wastewater treatment for industries like metal plating and mining due to its cost effectiveness and metal recovery abilities.
What's hot (20)
Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganisms
Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganisms
Bicarbonate-from anion exchange: Inorganic and Organic Fouling
Bicarbonate-from anion exchange: Inorganic and Organic Fouling
Meulepas, 2009, Enrichment Of Anaerobic Methanotrophs In Sulfate Reducing Mem...
Meulepas, 2009, Enrichment Of Anaerobic Methanotrophs In Sulfate Reducing Mem...
Similar to Ammonia Oxidising Archaea poster
Jagerma, 2009, Microbial Diversity And Community Structure Of A Highly Active...
This study characterized the microbial community in a bioreactor enrichment capable of high-rate anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction. Analysis showed that methanotrophy was performed predominantly by archaea belonging to the ANME-2a subgroup. Sulfate reduction was likely carried out by deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria related to Desulfotignum. Incubation with 13C-labeled methane revealed substantial incorporation of 13C into both bacterial and archaeal lipids, indicating active methane consumption by both groups. While some ANME-2/sulfate-reducer consortia were present, many ANME-2a cells occurred as single cells not closely associated with bacterial partners. This
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MANGANESE_Biogenic Metals in Water Treatment and Managem...
This document summarizes biotransformation of manganese by microorganisms and the influence of manganese oxide on scavenging trace elements. It discusses that manganese exists in multiple oxidation states that are biologically significant, and microbes can enzymatically oxidize soluble Mn(II) to insoluble Mn(III) and Mn(IV) oxides much faster than abiotic chemical oxidation. These biogenic manganese oxides have amorphous structures with large surface areas that allow them to strongly adsorb various contaminants like arsenic and selenium. The document reviews several manganese-oxidizing bacteria like Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus sp. that produce stable manganese oxide precipitates, demonstrating the potential for micro
02 chapter 1 distribution of elements
This document discusses the distribution of elements on Earth and within living organisms. It begins by explaining how the Earth's crust, seawater, and organisms each have unique elemental compositions based on their formation histories and interactions. Organisms contain all elements present in their environment due to being open systems that exchange matter and energy. The document then examines how life processes, like photosynthesis and respiration, drive the biochemical cycling of elements within ecosystems and between organisms, environments, and geological reservoirs over long timescales. This cycling of elements, known as biogeochemistry, is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere.
Cation Concentrations of Anaocha, Ekwusigo And Ogbaru Local Government Areas ...
ABSTRACT: Soil samples collected from Anaocha, Ekwusigo and Ogbaru Local Government Areas of Anambra State were analyzed for their elemental compositions using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Physiochemical characteristics such as PH, particle size porosity, index/water holding capacity, moisture content and organic carbon were also analyzed. Results obtained from cation concentrations in mg/kg of the soils in Anaocha(A), Ekwusigo(E), and Ogbaru(O) were: K + (O>A>E); Na+ (O>A>E); Cr3+(A>E>O); Mg2+(O>A>E); Ni2+(E>A>O); Cu2+(O>E>A); Zn2+(E>A>O); Cd2+(O>A>E); Pb2+(O>A>E); Fe3+(E>O>A) and Al3+ (E>O>A). Other physiochemical characteristics showed that Anaocha soils were acidic, pH (5.13); Ekwusigo, pH (5.79) moderately acidic and Ogbaru pH (6.99),almost neutral. Anaocha area had less clay particles of (8.69c), Ogbaru (13.67c) and Ekwusigo (22.65c). Statictical studies revealed that Cd, Cu, Pb and iron oxides were significant factors in the incidence of erosion in Anaocha area.
Biogeochemistry 303
1. Biogeochemistry is the study of the cycles of chemical elements like carbon and nitrogen through biological and geological systems over space and time. Key cycles include the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles.
2. These biogeochemical cycles involve the movement of elements between living and non-living components of the Earth system, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
3. Microbes play an important role in transforming elements between their various chemical forms and facilitating their movement between different Earth reservoirs as part of these global element cycles.
Nicole Thesis Poster
- The document discusses characterizing the surface chemistry of ferrihydrite by determining proton stability constants and binding site concentrations.
- Ferrihydrite and silica-enriched ferrihydrite were synthesized and subjected to acid-base titrations to determine proton stability constants (pKa values).
- The pKa values determined from modeling the titration data ranged from 1.71 to 8.28 for ferrihydrite and were lower (3.01 to 7.66) for silica-enriched ferrihydrite, indicating lower reactivity in the presence of silica.
- The study provides insights into how ferrihydrite may have contributed to trace metal sequestration
Monitored Natural Attenuation
The document discusses using ammonium nitrate injections to enhance monitored natural attenuation (MNA) at a site with dissolved petroleum contamination. Baseline testing found the aquifer had a microbial population but limited nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Approximately 116 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer was injected, providing a source of nitrate to drive biodegradation. Monitoring after injection found increased biological activity and degradation rates, showing nitrate addition can accelerate MNA by stimulating microbial growth where nutrients were previously limited.
M.Tech. thesis presentation
This document summarizes the work of Sayan Sarkar on isolating and characterizing arsenic-tolerant bacteria from soil and water samples. Three bacterial strains, CRS2, CRS4, and CMW3, were isolated that could grow in media containing high concentrations of arsenic. Initial tests showed the strains were Gram negative, and CRS4 and CMW3 tested positive for catalase. A soil-water study found the strains could mobilize arsenic from soil into water. Further sequencing and analysis of the strains' arsenic transformation abilities is planned to understand their potential for bioremediating arsenic-contaminated environments.
NUTRIENT CYCLING IN NATURE.pptx
The document discusses several nutrient cycles that are important for plant growth. It focuses on the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. The carbon cycle describes how carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, organisms, oceans, and geologic reservoirs through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and rock weathering. The nitrogen cycle explains how nitrogen is fixed from the atmosphere into usable forms through lightning, industrial processes, and symbiotic bacteria. These fixed nitrogen sources are then incorporated into living tissues and recycled through the decomposition of organisms.
The Oxygen Bottleneck for Technospheres
This document discusses the role of atmospheric oxygen in enabling the development of advanced technology on exoplanets. It argues that a minimum oxygen concentration of around 18% is required for sustainable combustion, which played a key role in processes like metallurgy that were essential for early civilizations on Earth. Periods when Earth's atmospheric oxygen dropped below this level would have inhibited the development of technology. Therefore, only planets capable of maintaining significant atmospheric oxygen over long timescales may be able to develop detectable technospheres. While complex life can evolve in low-oxygen environments, the emergence of advanced technology depends more strictly on the availability of oxygen at high concentrations through combustion.
3
This document discusses new roles for bacterial siderophores in metal transport and tolerance. Siderophores are known to strongly chelate iron, but they can also bind other metals. There is evidence that metals other than iron can induce siderophore production, implicating siderophores in homeostasis of multiple metals. Siderophores form stable complexes with various metals, including some heavy metals, and may contribute to bacterial tolerance against metal toxicity. The ability of siderophores to transport both essential and non-essential metals suggests they influence metal migration in the environment.
Reza H Chowdhury CEE 472
The document proposes using ultrasound as an advanced oxidation process to break down humic acid molecules in wastewater. Humic acid is a constituent of natural organic matter (NOM) that can clog activated carbon pores during filtration. The presentation would discuss NOM sources and health concerns, problems with NOM removal, how ultrasound works to break down molecules, previous research on using ultrasound to reactivate activated carbon, and the proposal to test ultrasound on humic acid before and after passing through an activated carbon bed. Future work would explore scaling up ultrasound and measuring humic acid concentrations more accurately.
Anusha-Balangoda-Arsenic-West-Bengal-2010 (1)
This document summarizes a previous study on groundwater contamination by arsenic in western Bengal basin, West Bengal, India. The study focused on characterizing the deeper water chemistry and performing geochemical modeling. The previous study identified different hydrochemical facies and pathways of chemical evolution. The current study hypothesizes that arsenic availability depends on redox potential. Geochemical modeling using PHREEQ software indicates arsenic concentrations are controlled by redox-sensitive iron phases under reduced conditions and barium phases under oxidized conditions.
PradoA Poster CSM
This study examined the effects of nitrogen fertilization on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in an agricultural soil. Researchers applied four nitrogen fertilizer treatments to a canola field and sampled soil at three plant growth stages. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that AOA were more abundant than AOB at lower nitrogen levels, but AOB dominated at high nitrogen, especially early in the growing season. However, as the season progressed and nutrients were depleted, AOA abundance increased relative to AOB without fertilizer. The results suggest that nitrogen fertilization promotes the growth of AOB over AOA.
Meulepas, 2010, Effect Of Methanogenic Substrates On Anaerobic Oxidation Of M...
This document describes a study that tested six methanogenic substrates (acetate, formate, methanol, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanethiol) as potential interspecies electron carriers (IECs) in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction. The substrates were added to an enrichment culture containing archaea and bacteria involved in AOM and sulfate reduction. The presence of acetate, formate, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide enhanced sulfate reduction but did not inhibit AOM or trigger methanogenesis. Methanol did not enhance sulfate reduction or inhibit AOM. Methanethiol completely inhibited both AOM and sulfate reduction. Based on these results, the tested substrates could not solely support the electron
Exposicion geofi 1 t t
This document summarizes the current understanding of the rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere. It discusses:
1) Evidence that oxygen levels rose between 2.4-2.1 billion years ago in an event known as the Great Oxidation Event, as seen by the appearance of oxidized minerals in rock records.
2) Debate around whether oxygen-producing photosynthesis preceded or coincided with the GOE, and the role of buffers in consuming oxygen initially to delay its accumulation.
3) Strong evidence that oxygen levels rose again after the GOE but remained low for over a billion years, resulting in an oxygen-lean deep ocean until a second rise in oxygen 600 million years ago oxygen
Removal of ammonium ions from wastewater A short review in development of eff...
Ammonium ions wastewater pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems
today. The treatment of ammonium ions is a special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for ammonium ion removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat ammonium ion wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include ion exchange, adsorption, biosorption, wet air oxidation, biofiltration, diffused
aeration, nitrification and denitrification methods. About 75 published studies (1979-2015) are reviewed in this paper.
It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion exchange, adsorption and biological technology are the most frequently studied for the treatment of ammonium ion wastewater.
References
This document summarizes a study on the inhibition of human alkaline phosphatases by vanadate. The key findings are:
1) Vanadate (orthovanadate) was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of purified alkaline phosphatase from human liver, intestine and kidney, with a Ki of less than 1 microM.
2) The inhibitory effect of vanadate was reversed and full enzymatic activity was restored in the presence of 1mM adrenaline.
3) Phosphate and vanadate were found to compete for the same binding site on the enzyme.
Research proposal
This study aims to analyze the bioaccumulation of iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper in goldfish and determine their toxic effects. Laboratory testing will be conducted to measure metal content in goldfish tissues. The stress responses and toxicity levels caused by metal nanoparticles will be assessed through statistical analysis of histopathological changes and behavior alterations in goldfish. The risk posed to aquatic species, environments, and ecosystems by the presence of these metals will also be estimated. Quantitative surveys of experts and secondary data from past studies will be used to analyze bioaccumulation and toxicity effects on goldfish in the selected study area.
SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEM
SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEMVasantrao Nail Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Soil is the largest carbon reservoir pool of terrestrial ecosystem and plays a key role in the global carbon budget and greenhouse effect. It contains 3.5% of the earth’s carbon reserve as compared with 1.7% in the atmosphere , 8.9% in the fossil fuels, 1.0% in the biota and 84.95% in the oceans. Soil reserves about 1550 GT of carbon as Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and 1700 GT as carbonate carbon (Soil Inorganic Carbon , i,e SIC).Soil carbon(C) plays an important role in exchange of CO2 between atmosphere and biosphere. SOC and SIC are important as it determine ecosystem and agro-ecosystem functions influencing soil structure ,soil fertility ,water holding capacity , cation exchange capacity and other soil characteristics.
Similar to Ammonia Oxidising Archaea poster (20)
Jagerma, 2009, Microbial Diversity And Community Structure Of A Highly Active...
Jagerma, 2009, Microbial Diversity And Community Structure Of A Highly Active...
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MANGANESE_Biogenic Metals in Water Treatment and Managem...
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MANGANESE_Biogenic Metals in Water Treatment and Managem...
Cation Concentrations of Anaocha, Ekwusigo And Ogbaru Local Government Areas ...
Cation Concentrations of Anaocha, Ekwusigo And Ogbaru Local Government Areas ...
Meulepas, 2010, Effect Of Methanogenic Substrates On Anaerobic Oxidation Of M...
Meulepas, 2010, Effect Of Methanogenic Substrates On Anaerobic Oxidation Of M...
Removal of ammonium ions from wastewater A short review in development of eff...
Removal of ammonium ions from wastewater A short review in development of eff...
SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEM
SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEM
Recently uploaded
Benner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneMule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
How to Predict Vendor Bill Product in Odoo 17
This slide will guide us through the process of predicting vendor bill products based on previous purchases from the vendor in Odoo 17.
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Recently uploaded (20)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea poster
- 1. Ammonia Oxidising Archaea George Foot, Ke Meng & Dan Wilson Tweetable abstract: Archaea are now recognised as a dominant organism in the oxidation of ammonia #AOA #HR926EnviroMicrob @GeorgeKeDan 1. Introduction A fundamental component of the nitrogen cycle is nitrification (fig. 1). This involves the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Until recently it had been assumed that ammonia oxidation was carried out exclusively by ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) [1, 2]. However, subsequent research revealed that ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) could be more significant in some environments [fig. 2; 1, 3] 2. The Thaumarchaeota In 2008 Brochier-Armanet et al. [4] suggested a third archaeal phylum characterised by the ability to oxidise ammonia [5]. These archaea are ubiquitous [6] and may therefore represent a significant component of global ammonia oxidation. 3. Biochemistry 4. Atmospheric chemistry The biochemistry of archaeal ammonia oxidation is unique and remains unresolved. AOA share genes only distantly related to those encoding the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) of AOB. Currently there is no evidence that the product of ammonia oxidation by AOA is hydroxylamine and in fact it has been suggested that nitroxyl could instead be the product [7]. Nitroxyl may then be oxidised to nitrite via a nitroxyl oxidoreductase [8]. Furthermore Nitric oxide may also be important in the archaeal ammonia oxidation process. AOA generate large amount of greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide [5]. Furthermore Nitrosopumilus maritimus has been demonstrated to be a biological source of methylphosphonate. This could explain part of the high concentration of methane in surface oceans [9]. 5. Future research Rapid development of genome sequencing will allow more efficient comparative studies permitting for a greater understanding of the evolutionary origins of AOA. Furthermore, future research should focus on furthering our understanding on AOA biochemistry. Figure captions Figure 1: Schematic of the global N cycle [1] Figure 2: Archaeal amoA genes compared to bacterial amoA genes in a range of topsoils and deeper soil layers[10] Figure 1: Nitrogen cycle [ref. 1] Figure 2: AOA & AOB abundance [ref. 10]
- 2. References: [1] Schleper, C. (2008). Metabolism of the deep. Nature, 456, 712-714. [2] Zhang, L. M., Offre, P. R., He, J. Z., Verhamme, D. T., Nicol, G. W., & Prosser, J. I. (2010). Autotrophic ammonia oxidation by soil thaumarchaea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 17240-17245. [3] Könneke, M., Bernhard, A.E., José, R., Walker, C.B., Waterbury, J.B., & Stahl, D.A. (2005). Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon. Nature, 437, 543-546. [4] Brochier-Armanet C, Boussau B, Gribaldo S, & Forterre P. (2008). Mesophilic Crenarchaeota: proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 245–52 [5] Stahl, D.A., & de la Torre, J.R. (2012). Physiology and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Annual review of microbiology, 66, 83-101. [6] Offre, P., Spang, A., & Schleper, C. (2013). Archaea in biogeochemical cycles. Annu. Rev. Microbiol, 67, 437–57. [7] Walker CB ,de la Torre JR ,Klotz MG, Urakawa H,Pinel N,et al.(2010). Nitrosopumilus maritimus genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 8818–23 [8] Hatzenpichler, R. (2012). Diversity, Physiology, and Niche Differentiation of Ammonia- Oxidizing Archaea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78,21, 7501–7510. [9] Reeburgh W.S. (2007). Oceanic methane biogeochemistry. Chem. Rev., 107,486–513. [10] Leininger S, Urich T, Schloter M, Schwark L, Qi J, et al. (2006). Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils. Nature, 442, 806–9.