Amisulpride Vs Olanzapine in Indian Schizophrenic Patients
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This study compared the effectiveness and safety of Amisulpride versus Olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia in Indian patients. It was a 12-week randomized controlled trial involving 77 patients. The results showed that both drugs were effective in reducing symptoms, though Olanzapine produced greater reductions in overall psychiatric symptoms. Both drugs were well-tolerated, with common side effects including tremor and akathisia for Amisulpride and sedation for Olanzapine. The study concluded that Olanzapine and Amisulpride are comparable options, though Olanzapine may be preferred to avoid issues like weight gain.
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This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine versus placebo for ADHD symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study randomized 89 patients ages 6-17 years with ASD and ADHD symptoms to receive either atomoxetine or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was change in ADHD Rating Scale scores from baseline to 5 and 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included Clinical Global Impression scales. The study found that atomoxetine was statistically significantly more effective than placebo for reducing ADHD symptoms based on primary and secondary outcome measures. However, the results have limited generalizability due to the study's exclusion of non-white patients and predominance of male patients.
Current status of pharmacogenetics and their impact on atypical antipsychotic...
Antipsychotic were first introduced in the 1950s to treat psychotic disorder and other psychiatric condition.1 Antipsychotic medication often need to be used long term due to which discontinuation rate are high, around 32 to 74% of people discontinue their treatment due to these reason and various side effect like EPS leads to further discontinuation of treatment. Treatment selection always remains a “trial and error” process requiring multiple medication changes and dose adjustment to achieve a safe and effective balance between therapeutic response and tolerability.
The widely observed variable among patient with identical treatment has leads us to understand the multiple factors can alter drugs metabolism (pharmacokinetics) and drugs action (pharmacodynamics). A wide range of clinical and demographic factors (eg- age, sex, etc) can influence variability in both therapeutic and adverse event outcome.
Pharmacogenetics testing in psychiatry is not yet a standard of practice, but its utilization is increasing day by day and may leads to play a role in advancing a precision medicine approach through optimizing antipsychotic treatment and dosing strategies.
Usually pharmacogenetic tests may take a minimum of 2–3 weeks to provide results. Polygenic risk scores may predict treatment response with a higher level of accuracy.
Advancement in technology will leads to more comprehensive genomic coverage
Cognitive Effects of Risperidone in Children with Autism and Irrit.docx
Cognitive Effects of Risperidone in Children with Autism and Irritable Behavior
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this research was to explore the effects of risperidone on cognitive processes in children with autism and irritable behavior. Method: Thirty-eight children, ages 5–17 years with autism and severe behavioral disturbance, were randomly assigned to risperidone (0.5 to 3.5 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. This sample of 38 was a subset of 101 subjects who participated in the clinical trial; 63 were unable to perform the cognitive tasks. A double-blind placebocontrolled parallel groups design was used.
Dependent measures included tests of sustained attention, verbal learning, hand-eye coordination, and spatial memory assessed before, during, and after the 8-week treatment. Changes in performance were compared by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Twenty-nine boys and 9 girls with autism and severe behavioral disturbance and a mental age 18 months completed the cognitive part of the study. No decline in performance occurred with risperidone.
Performance on a cancellation task (number of correct detections) and a verbal learning task (word recognition) was better on risperidone than on placebo (without correction for multiplicity). Equivocal improvement also occurred on a spatial memory task. There were no significant differences between treatment conditions on the Purdue Pegboard (hand-eye coordination) task or the Analog Classroom Task (timed math test).
Conclusion: Risperidone given to children with autism at doses up to 3.5 mg for up to 8 weeks appears to have no detrimental effect on cognitive performance.
Introduction
LITERATURE FOCUSING ON the cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents is exceptionally sparse. The bulk of the literature currently comes from studies of adults with schizophrenia; in addition there are a few investigations with patients having Alzheimer’s disease. Given that antipsychotics often cause sedation, many investigators and clinicians have wondered if cognitive blunting and/or sedation accompanying early treatment may impair cognition (Ernst et al. 1998; Aman 1984; Aman et al. 1991). The possibility of cognitive impairment seems likely in the short term, as somnolence is a frequent side effect of atypical antipsychotics, especially early in treatment. However, a detailed analysis of adverse events from risperidone treatment in children with autism indicated that reports of somnolence usually dissipated between 2 and 4 weeks after the last dose adjustment of risperidone (Aman et al. 2005). Thus it seems that the time of greatest “risk” of cognitive impairment would be in the earliest weeks of treatment. Literature from adult trials in schizophrenia, have provided us with some insight into the cognitive effects of these drugs. Keefe et al. (1999) conducted a review of 15 studies in which adult patients with schizophrenia were assessed for cognitive effects while taking at.
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1) Asenapine and agomelatine are drugs used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Asenapine is an antipsychotic while agomelatine is an antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action targeting melatonin receptors.
2) Both drugs have advantages like rapid onset of action and promising safety profiles. However, they also have limitations and warnings. Asenapine is associated with increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia. Agomelatine requires dose adjustment in patients with hepatic impairment.
3) The document provides details on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, dosing, precautions and drug interactions of asenap
HRQoL effects of enzalutamide
Enzalutamide showed significant benefits over placebo in preserving health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on EQ-5D data from the PREVAIL trial. Specifically, enzalutamide slowed the decline in EQ-5D index and visual analogue scale scores compared to placebo. Analysis of individual EQ-5D dimensions found that enzalutamide was associated with significantly less deterioration in pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Enzalutamide also showed benefits over placebo for time to worsening health status according to the EQ-5D.
atypical anti psychotics.ppt
Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic drug known as an atypical antipsychotic. It was the first discovered to be effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia without causing extrapyramidal symptoms. However, it was withdrawn from the market briefly in the 1970s due to cases of agranulocytosis. Three studies summarized found clozapine to be superior to typical antipsychotics like risperidone and haloperidol in improving positive symptoms. While it improved positive symptoms, clozapine did not significantly impact negative symptoms. The mechanism of action is believed to involve antagonizing dopamine D1, D4, and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.
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This study examined the efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole compared to placebo for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adults. Eighty adults with BPD were randomized to receive either brexpiprazole or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in scores on the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD). Results showed that brexpiprazole was associated with greater reductions in ZAN-BPD scores compared to placebo. Brexpiprazole was generally well tolerated, with 75% of those receiving brexpiprazole completing the study compared to 62.5% of those receiving placebo. This suggests that brexpip
Current Epilepsy Treatment Options
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MMcilwain_2015
This document summarizes a research study that used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure glutamatergic neurometabolites in the brains of people with schizophrenia. The study compared levels of glutamate and glutamine in three groups: 1) those who responded to standard antipsychotics, 2) those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who responded to clozapine, and 3) those with ultra treatment-resistant schizophrenia who did not respond to clozapine. The study found differences in glutamate and glutamine levels between the groups in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and putamen. Specifically, levels were higher in the clozapine-responsive group compared to the other two groups in the putamen, suggesting glutamate levels may be a
Brexpiprazole Final Presentation
Brexpiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and as an adjunctive therapy for major depressive disorder. A randomized controlled trial found brexpiprazole 4 mg to be effective for acute schizophrenia based on improvement in PANSS scores compared to placebo. Brexpiprazole was generally well-tolerated with mild to moderate adverse effects. While it shows potential, the study had limitations such as no active comparator and excluded certain patient populations. More research is still needed to determine brexpiprazole's efficacy and safety compared to other antipsychotics.
TREATMENT RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA.pptx
The document discusses treatment resistant schizophrenia, defining it as when patients do not respond to conventional antipsychotics or at least two different antipsychotics. It provides various definitions and criteria for treatment resistance proposed over time. It also discusses factors associated with poor outcomes in schizophrenia like biological, symptomatic, environmental, and illness factors. The neurobiology of treatment resistant schizophrenia is explained, involving the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. Evaluation of treatment resistant schizophrenia involves assessing patient factors, treatment factors, and conducting further investigations.
Drug risk assessment 23 4-2010
This document discusses drug risk assessment and pharmacoepidemiology. It notes that clinical trials prior to drug approval are limited in detecting uncommon or long-term side effects. Observational studies using large patient populations are needed to further evaluate drug safety issues and understand rare or long-term side effects. The document compares different pharmacoepidemiological study designs like cohort studies and case-control studies that can be used to investigate drug safety questions following a drug's approval and entry into widespread use.
Quality of life of pateints with Lupus
This document summarizes a study examining factors that affect the quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated at a hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. The study used two questionnaires (SF-36 and SLEQoL) to assess patients' physical health, mental health, and SLE-specific quality of life. Results found that over 75% of patients had poor physical health, 60% had poor mental health, and 48% had poor SLE-specific quality of life. Compliance with treatment significantly affected physical and mental health quality of life scores. Treatment type also significantly impacted mental health scores. The inconsistency between patients' positive perceptions of aspects in the questionnaires and their poor quality of life
Neurology 2004-lesser-2104-10
This randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy and tolerability of pregabalin (75, 300, 600 mg/day) compared to placebo in treating pain from diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patients receiving 300 and 600 mg/day of pregabalin showed significant improvements in pain scores and sleep interference compared to placebo. Improvements were seen as early as the first week and were sustained throughout the 5-week study. Pregabalin was well tolerated with few side effects, demonstrating its potential as an effective treatment for neuropathic pain associated with diabetes.
Olanzapine 10mg tablets smpc taj pharmaceuticals
Olanzapine Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Olanzapine Dosage & Rx Info | Olanzapine Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Olanzapine - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Olanzapine dose Taj pharmaceuticals Olanzapine interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Olanzapine contraindications, Olanzapine price, Olanzapine Taj Pharma Olanzapine 10mg Tablets SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Olanzapine Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
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