aminoglycosides pharmacology
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Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics produced by soil actinomycetes that interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria. They are commonly used to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. The main aminoglycosides are gentamicin, tobramycin, and streptomycin. While effective, they can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects with prolonged use.
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Aminoglycoside and spectinomycin
This document discusses aminoglycoside and spectinomycin antibiotics. It describes that aminoglycosides like streptomycin are produced by Streptomyces bacteria and inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. Their mechanism of action involves binding to the bacterial ribosome. Common adverse effects are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Spectinomycin also inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is used as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant gonorrhea.
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that consist of amino sugars attached to a hexose ring. They are bactericidal and used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. They are not absorbed orally and are administered via injection or topically. Common adverse effects include ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade. Aminoglycosides require monitoring due to their toxicity profile.
Aminoglycoside
AMINOGLYCOSIDE-INTRODUCTION,HISTORY, MECHANISM OF ACTION, CHEMISTRY, RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS, CLASSIFICATION ,PHARMACOKINETIC, ADVERSE EFFECT, THERAPEUTIC USE
β-lactamase inhibitors.pptx
β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and thienamycin work by blocking the β-lactamase enzyme produced by bacteria that is responsible for breaking down β-lactam antibiotics. Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination is used to treat bacterial infections. Aminoglycosides like streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, and gentamicin are used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections and act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Both β-lactamase inhibitors and aminoglycosides have side effects including nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade.
aminoglycosides.pptx
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that contain an amino sugar as part of their chemical structure. They work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interfering with protein synthesis. This leads to misreading of the genetic code and incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, which kills the bacteria. Common examples include streptomycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. They are primarily used to treat aerobic gram-negative bacterial infections. However, they can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects. Dosing must be adjusted in patients with renal impairment to avoid toxicity.
45 aminoglycosides
This document discusses aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics. It describes their modes of antibacterial action including being concentration and time dependent, having a post-antibiotic effect, and toxicity depending on plasma concentration over time. Common aminoglycosides like gentamicin and tobramycin are used to treat infections from various aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Their mechanisms of action and resistance are explained. The document also covers the clinical uses, toxicities including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and precautions for aminoglycoside administration.
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside is a class of traditional antibiotic agents that contain an amino-modified glycoside. They display bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. Streptomycin was the first aminoglycoside used to treat tuberculosis. Other common aminoglycosides include kanamycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin. They are administered intravenously or intramuscularly and are used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. However, aminoglycosides can cause adverse effects like inner ear toxicity and hearing loss.
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Aminoglycoside and spectinomycin
This document discusses aminoglycoside and spectinomycin antibiotics. It describes that aminoglycosides like streptomycin are produced by Streptomyces bacteria and inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. Their mechanism of action involves binding to the bacterial ribosome. Common adverse effects are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Spectinomycin also inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is used as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant gonorrhea.
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that consist of amino sugars attached to a hexose ring. They are bactericidal and used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. They are not absorbed orally and are administered via injection or topically. Common adverse effects include ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade. Aminoglycosides require monitoring due to their toxicity profile.
Aminoglycoside
AMINOGLYCOSIDE-INTRODUCTION,HISTORY, MECHANISM OF ACTION, CHEMISTRY, RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS, CLASSIFICATION ,PHARMACOKINETIC, ADVERSE EFFECT, THERAPEUTIC USE
β-lactamase inhibitors.pptx
β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and thienamycin work by blocking the β-lactamase enzyme produced by bacteria that is responsible for breaking down β-lactam antibiotics. Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination is used to treat bacterial infections. Aminoglycosides like streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, and gentamicin are used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections and act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Both β-lactamase inhibitors and aminoglycosides have side effects including nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade.
aminoglycosides.pptx
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that contain an amino sugar as part of their chemical structure. They work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interfering with protein synthesis. This leads to misreading of the genetic code and incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, which kills the bacteria. Common examples include streptomycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. They are primarily used to treat aerobic gram-negative bacterial infections. However, they can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects. Dosing must be adjusted in patients with renal impairment to avoid toxicity.
45 aminoglycosides
This document discusses aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics. It describes their modes of antibacterial action including being concentration and time dependent, having a post-antibiotic effect, and toxicity depending on plasma concentration over time. Common aminoglycosides like gentamicin and tobramycin are used to treat infections from various aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Their mechanisms of action and resistance are explained. The document also covers the clinical uses, toxicities including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and precautions for aminoglycoside administration.
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside is a class of traditional antibiotic agents that contain an amino-modified glycoside. They display bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. Streptomycin was the first aminoglycoside used to treat tuberculosis. Other common aminoglycosides include kanamycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin. They are administered intravenously or intramuscularly and are used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. However, aminoglycosides can cause adverse effects like inner ear toxicity and hearing loss.
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This document discusses antimycobacterial drugs used to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and other mycobacterial infections. It focuses on the first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. For each drug, it describes the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, resistance issues, and clinical uses. The document emphasizes that treatment of mycobacterial infections is complicated by factors such as slow bacterial growth, intracellular location, emergence of drug resistance, and need for long treatment durations.
Aminoglycosides
This document discusses aminoglycoside antibiotics. Aminoglycosides are natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics containing amino sugars that are used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections. Examples discussed include streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and netilmycin. The document provides details on the structure and uses of each drug. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit, interfering with protein synthesis and causing the production of defective proteins that inhibit bacterial growth.
Aminoglycosides.pptx
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are produced by soil bacteria. They are primarily used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria and some are used for mycobacterial infections. Aminoglycosides work by binding to bacterial ribosomes which interferes with protein synthesis. They have concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against many gram-negative organisms but limited activity against gram-positive bacteria. Common adverse effects include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important when using aminoglycosides to minimize toxicity risks.
Amino glycosides and streptomycin pharmac
This document discusses aminoglycosides and spectinomycin antibiotics. It describes that they are obtained from streptomyces bacteria, are bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis, and are useful against aerobic gram-negative organisms. The document covers their mechanisms of action, resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetics including once-daily dosing rationale, adverse effects including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, and clinical uses such as for sepsis and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Aminoglycosides and streptomycin- pharmaceutical Chemistry
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics derived from actinomycetes bacteria. They are bactericidal and work by binding to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. Streptomycin was the first aminoglycoside discovered in 1943 from Streptomyces gresius. It is effective against various bacterial infections like tuberculosis. Aminoglycosides are administered via injection and can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects.
Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin.pptx
This document discusses aminoglycosides and spectinomycin. It describes that aminoglycosides are obtained from streptomyces bacteria and are bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis. They are used to treat aerobic gram-negative infections. The main aminoglycosides are described along with their mechanisms of action, resistance, pharmacokinetics, dosing, adverse effects, and clinical uses. Spectinomycin is also discussed as structurally related to aminoglycosides and used to treat drug-resistant gonorrhea.
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This document discusses classification of drugs, specifically antimicrobials and analgesics. It describes two main classes - antimicrobials which treat microbes like bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, and analgesics which relieve pain. Analgesics are further broken down into narcotics/opioids which control central nervous system pain and non-narcotics like NSAIDs which control peripheral pain. Various antimicrobial classes, mechanisms of action, and issues with antimicrobial resistance are also summarized.
AMINO FOR BDS.pptx
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics produced by soil bacteria. They include streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. Aminoglycosides are bactericidal and act by binding to the bacterial ribosome, interfering with protein synthesis. They have a narrow spectrum against gram-negative bacilli. Common side effects include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Aminoglycosides are administered intravenously or intramuscularly for serious gram-negative infections. Gentamicin is a first-line agent while amikacin treats resistant infections. Topical formulations of neomycin and framycetin avoid systemic toxicity.
Kanamycin
Kanamycin is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It works by blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Common side effects include hearing loss and kidney problems. It is recommended for short-term use of 7-10 days and is not suitable during pregnancy due to risks to the fetus.
3. aminoglycosides.pptx
INTRODUCTION
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics used mainly in the treatment of aerobic gram-negative bacilli infections, although they are also effective against other bacteria including Staphylococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
They are often used in combination with other antibiotics.
Streptomycin – 1944
Actinomycetes – Streptomyces griseus
Bactericidal antibiotics which is interfere with protein synthesis
Used to treat aerobic Gram –ve bacteria
Exhibit ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
MECHANISM OF ACTION
These drugs inhibit protein synthesis in the bacteria, there permeability is increased and cell contents leak out and death of cell occurs. These drugs leave bactericidal action.
CLINICAL USES
Gram –ve bacillary infection – Septicaemia, pelvic & abdominal sepsis
Bacterial endocarditis – enterococcal, streptococcal or staphylococcal infection of heart valves
Pneumonias, Tuberculosis
Tularemia
Plague, Brucellosis
Topical – Neomycin, Framycetin:- Infections of conjunctiva or external ear and also used it before surgery.
COMMON INDICATIONS OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Gram negative bacillary infections particularly septicemia, meningitis, UTI’s renal, pelvic and abdominal sepsis.
Bacterial endocarditis: usually gentamicin is preferred as a part of regimen.
Other infections such as tuberculosis, plague, brucellosis etc.
Topical uses: neomycin, framycetin and sisomicin are used for various topical infections.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
The renal function should be regularly monitored.
Patients should be regularly enquired about any side effects.
Patients should be warned for not driving or operating the machinery.
Patient should be advised to take plenty of water during the course.
Monitor the sign and symptoms of hearing loss.
protein synthesis inhibitors.pptx
This document discusses aminoglycoside antibiotics, including their mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and are effective against many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. They have concentration-dependent bactericidal activity but can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Common aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, which are used to treat serious infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
Aminoglycosides
1) Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis.
2) They are derived from actinomycetes bacteria and have an aminosugar component joined by an aminocyclitol component.
3) Common side effects include ototoxicity (hearing loss and dizziness) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage). Dosing must be monitored based on a patient's kidney function.
Aminoglycosides p pt
The document provides information about aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics. It discusses the discovery of the first aminoglycoside streptomycin in 1944. It then summarizes that aminoglycosides are first-line therapies for infections like plague, tularemia, and tuberculosis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. The document also lists some common aminoglycosides and provides brief sections on their mechanisms of action, microbial resistance, absorption, uses, and adverse effects.
Chemo 3
This document provides information on various classes of antibiotics used in chemotherapy. It discusses aminoglycosides, their mechanism of action as inhibiting protein synthesis, indications such as gram negative infections, and important nursing responsibilities like monitoring for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Macrolides and broad spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline and chloramphenicol are also summarized. Their mechanisms, uses, adverse effects and nursing care are highlighted. Sulphonamides are described as inhibiting folic acid synthesis, with uses for UTIs and dosing examples provided.
Aminoglycosides
This document summarizes key information about aminoglycoside antibiotics. It describes their origin from soil actinomycetes, common agents like streptomycin, gentamicin and tobramycin. It outlines their mechanism of action inhibiting protein synthesis, broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria and some protozoa. Resistance development via modifying enzymes is discussed. Important aspects of pharmacokinetics like renal excretion and dosing/monitoring are covered. The document also reviews the individual pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses of different aminoglycosides and their potential adverse effects like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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This document discusses various classes of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, macrolides, and antitubercular drugs. It provides details on specific antibiotics within each class, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects. It notes that aminoglycosides include gentamicin and tobramycin which can be used both locally and systemically. Macrolides discussed include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin which bind the 50S ribosomal subunit. Common first-line antitubercular drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol which are used in combination for short course chemotherapy to rapidly kill tuberculosis organisms.
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This document discusses antimicrobial chemotherapy and provides details about various chemotherapeutic agents. It begins by defining chemotherapeutic agents as chemical substances used to treat or prevent infectious diseases. There are three main types of agents - antibiotics, which are natural products; semi-synthetic antibiotics that are modified natural products; and synthetic drugs. The document then provides examples and details of mechanisms and clinical uses of several antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and other antimicrobial agents. It also discusses ideal characteristics of chemotherapeutic agents and methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility, including minimum inhibitory concentration.
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics derived from amino sugars that are effective against many aerobic gram-negative bacilli. They work by binding to the 30S ribosome in bacteria and inhibiting protein synthesis. Common examples include streptomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin. While bactericidal, they are not absorbed orally and can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with prolonged use. Resistance develops through enzymatic inactivation of the drug.
Anti TBs.pptx
This document discusses various antimicrobial agents used to treat different mycobacterial infections including tuberculosis, leprosy, and MAC. It provides details on the first and second line treatments for each infection, including the typical dosage of each drug. It also describes the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, resistance issues, and side effects for many of the major antimicrobial agents used, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, and others. Combination therapy is emphasized to reduce resistance and rapidly decrease the bacterial population for tuberculosis treatment.
Aminoglycosides_abhijit.pptx
This is only for study purpose. Kindly share with other students. If you like kindly follow this account for other update and share with others.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsMore Related Content
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Antimycobacterial Drugs.pptx
This document discusses antimycobacterial drugs used to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and other mycobacterial infections. It focuses on the first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. For each drug, it describes the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, resistance issues, and clinical uses. The document emphasizes that treatment of mycobacterial infections is complicated by factors such as slow bacterial growth, intracellular location, emergence of drug resistance, and need for long treatment durations.
Aminoglycosides
This document discusses aminoglycoside antibiotics. Aminoglycosides are natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics containing amino sugars that are used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections. Examples discussed include streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and netilmycin. The document provides details on the structure and uses of each drug. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit, interfering with protein synthesis and causing the production of defective proteins that inhibit bacterial growth.
Aminoglycosides.pptx
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are produced by soil bacteria. They are primarily used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria and some are used for mycobacterial infections. Aminoglycosides work by binding to bacterial ribosomes which interferes with protein synthesis. They have concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against many gram-negative organisms but limited activity against gram-positive bacteria. Common adverse effects include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important when using aminoglycosides to minimize toxicity risks.
Amino glycosides and streptomycin pharmac
This document discusses aminoglycosides and spectinomycin antibiotics. It describes that they are obtained from streptomyces bacteria, are bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis, and are useful against aerobic gram-negative organisms. The document covers their mechanisms of action, resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetics including once-daily dosing rationale, adverse effects including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, and clinical uses such as for sepsis and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Aminoglycosides and streptomycin- pharmaceutical Chemistry
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics derived from actinomycetes bacteria. They are bactericidal and work by binding to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. Streptomycin was the first aminoglycoside discovered in 1943 from Streptomyces gresius. It is effective against various bacterial infections like tuberculosis. Aminoglycosides are administered via injection and can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects.
Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin.pptx
This document discusses aminoglycosides and spectinomycin. It describes that aminoglycosides are obtained from streptomyces bacteria and are bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis. They are used to treat aerobic gram-negative infections. The main aminoglycosides are described along with their mechanisms of action, resistance, pharmacokinetics, dosing, adverse effects, and clinical uses. Spectinomycin is also discussed as structurally related to aminoglycosides and used to treat drug-resistant gonorrhea.
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This document discusses classification of drugs, specifically antimicrobials and analgesics. It describes two main classes - antimicrobials which treat microbes like bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, and analgesics which relieve pain. Analgesics are further broken down into narcotics/opioids which control central nervous system pain and non-narcotics like NSAIDs which control peripheral pain. Various antimicrobial classes, mechanisms of action, and issues with antimicrobial resistance are also summarized.
AMINO FOR BDS.pptx
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics produced by soil bacteria. They include streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. Aminoglycosides are bactericidal and act by binding to the bacterial ribosome, interfering with protein synthesis. They have a narrow spectrum against gram-negative bacilli. Common side effects include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Aminoglycosides are administered intravenously or intramuscularly for serious gram-negative infections. Gentamicin is a first-line agent while amikacin treats resistant infections. Topical formulations of neomycin and framycetin avoid systemic toxicity.
Kanamycin
Kanamycin is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It works by blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Common side effects include hearing loss and kidney problems. It is recommended for short-term use of 7-10 days and is not suitable during pregnancy due to risks to the fetus.
3. aminoglycosides.pptx
INTRODUCTION
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics used mainly in the treatment of aerobic gram-negative bacilli infections, although they are also effective against other bacteria including Staphylococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
They are often used in combination with other antibiotics.
Streptomycin – 1944
Actinomycetes – Streptomyces griseus
Bactericidal antibiotics which is interfere with protein synthesis
Used to treat aerobic Gram –ve bacteria
Exhibit ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
MECHANISM OF ACTION
These drugs inhibit protein synthesis in the bacteria, there permeability is increased and cell contents leak out and death of cell occurs. These drugs leave bactericidal action.
CLINICAL USES
Gram –ve bacillary infection – Septicaemia, pelvic & abdominal sepsis
Bacterial endocarditis – enterococcal, streptococcal or staphylococcal infection of heart valves
Pneumonias, Tuberculosis
Tularemia
Plague, Brucellosis
Topical – Neomycin, Framycetin:- Infections of conjunctiva or external ear and also used it before surgery.
COMMON INDICATIONS OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Gram negative bacillary infections particularly septicemia, meningitis, UTI’s renal, pelvic and abdominal sepsis.
Bacterial endocarditis: usually gentamicin is preferred as a part of regimen.
Other infections such as tuberculosis, plague, brucellosis etc.
Topical uses: neomycin, framycetin and sisomicin are used for various topical infections.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
The renal function should be regularly monitored.
Patients should be regularly enquired about any side effects.
Patients should be warned for not driving or operating the machinery.
Patient should be advised to take plenty of water during the course.
Monitor the sign and symptoms of hearing loss.
protein synthesis inhibitors.pptx
This document discusses aminoglycoside antibiotics, including their mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and are effective against many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. They have concentration-dependent bactericidal activity but can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Common aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, which are used to treat serious infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
Aminoglycosides
1) Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis.
2) They are derived from actinomycetes bacteria and have an aminosugar component joined by an aminocyclitol component.
3) Common side effects include ototoxicity (hearing loss and dizziness) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage). Dosing must be monitored based on a patient's kidney function.
Aminoglycosides p pt
The document provides information about aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics. It discusses the discovery of the first aminoglycoside streptomycin in 1944. It then summarizes that aminoglycosides are first-line therapies for infections like plague, tularemia, and tuberculosis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. The document also lists some common aminoglycosides and provides brief sections on their mechanisms of action, microbial resistance, absorption, uses, and adverse effects.
Chemo 3
This document provides information on various classes of antibiotics used in chemotherapy. It discusses aminoglycosides, their mechanism of action as inhibiting protein synthesis, indications such as gram negative infections, and important nursing responsibilities like monitoring for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Macrolides and broad spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline and chloramphenicol are also summarized. Their mechanisms, uses, adverse effects and nursing care are highlighted. Sulphonamides are described as inhibiting folic acid synthesis, with uses for UTIs and dosing examples provided.
Aminoglycosides
This document summarizes key information about aminoglycoside antibiotics. It describes their origin from soil actinomycetes, common agents like streptomycin, gentamicin and tobramycin. It outlines their mechanism of action inhibiting protein synthesis, broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria and some protozoa. Resistance development via modifying enzymes is discussed. Important aspects of pharmacokinetics like renal excretion and dosing/monitoring are covered. The document also reviews the individual pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses of different aminoglycosides and their potential adverse effects like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
5 aminoglycosides,macrolides, anti tb dental
This document discusses various classes of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, macrolides, and antitubercular drugs. It provides details on specific antibiotics within each class, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects. It notes that aminoglycosides include gentamicin and tobramycin which can be used both locally and systemically. Macrolides discussed include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin which bind the 50S ribosomal subunit. Common first-line antitubercular drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol which are used in combination for short course chemotherapy to rapidly kill tuberculosis organisms.
Unit vi- antimicro. chemotherapy ppt
This document discusses antimicrobial chemotherapy and provides details about various chemotherapeutic agents. It begins by defining chemotherapeutic agents as chemical substances used to treat or prevent infectious diseases. There are three main types of agents - antibiotics, which are natural products; semi-synthetic antibiotics that are modified natural products; and synthetic drugs. The document then provides examples and details of mechanisms and clinical uses of several antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and other antimicrobial agents. It also discusses ideal characteristics of chemotherapeutic agents and methods for determining antimicrobial susceptibility, including minimum inhibitory concentration.
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics derived from amino sugars that are effective against many aerobic gram-negative bacilli. They work by binding to the 30S ribosome in bacteria and inhibiting protein synthesis. Common examples include streptomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin. While bactericidal, they are not absorbed orally and can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with prolonged use. Resistance develops through enzymatic inactivation of the drug.
Anti TBs.pptx
This document discusses various antimicrobial agents used to treat different mycobacterial infections including tuberculosis, leprosy, and MAC. It provides details on the first and second line treatments for each infection, including the typical dosage of each drug. It also describes the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, resistance issues, and side effects for many of the major antimicrobial agents used, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, and others. Combination therapy is emphasized to reduce resistance and rapidly decrease the bacterial population for tuberculosis treatment.
Aminoglycosides_abhijit.pptx
This is only for study purpose. Kindly share with other students. If you like kindly follow this account for other update and share with others.
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Aminoglycosides and streptomycin- pharmaceutical Chemistry
Aminoglycosides and streptomycin- pharmaceutical Chemistry
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Recently uploaded (20)
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
aminoglycosides pharmacology
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Aminoglycosides are antibiotics produced from soil actinomycetes. • They are generally administered as sulphate salts. • Streptomycin is the prototype of this class. • Gentamicin and netlimicin are derived from the species of actinomycetes. • The sugars are linked to aminocyclitol ring by glycosidic bond. • Gentamicin is the first line aminoglycoside antibiotic.
- 3. INTRO… • MICINS are derived from the micromonospora. • MYCINS are derived from the streptomyces. • They are generally used to treat gram negative bacteria. • They are acting as poly actions and have some polarity. • Aminoglycoside are bacteriocidal in nature.
- 4. MECHANISM OF ACTION • These drugs interfere with initiation of protein synthesis, leading to accumulation of abnormal initiation complexes ;these drugs can also cause misreading of mRNA. • These mostly acted by binding to 30s ribosomes. • These drugs have little activity against aerobic microorganisms and gram positive activity is limited. • Penicillins + aminoglycosides achieves synergistic bacteriocidal action.
- 5. SOME IMPORTANT AMINOGLYCOSIDES • GENTAMICIN: • Gentamicin is obtained from the Micromonospora purpurea. • It is surprised streptomycin because of high potency. • This drug is ineffective against TB.
- 6. TOBRAMYCIN • Pharmacological profile as same as Gentamicin. • It is obtained from the S. Tenebrarius. • Given through IV and IM. • Do not combined with penecillins .
- 7. NETLIMICIN • This drug has broad spectrum activity. • It is used to treat serious infections due to susceptible Enterobacteriae. • Used to treat urinary tract infections. • LESS TOXIC THAN ALL OTHER AMINOGLYCOSIDES.
- 8. STREPTOMYCIN • Generally used in combination with all other antibacterial agents. • It has narrow spectrum of activity. • Less potent than other aminoglycosides. • Active against aerobic gram negative bacteria. • It is obtained from the streptomyces griseus.
- 9. COMMON ADRs • Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity • Neuromuscular blockade • Little allergic potential
- 10. USES • UTI • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Peritonitis • Bacterial endocarditis • Sepsis • Tularemia • Cystic fibrosis • Topical applications.