The document analyzes conventions used in documentary filmmaking. It discusses techniques like handheld camera, close-ups, establishing shots, and symbolic placement of objects. It also covers the use of subtitles, voiceovers, interviews, and archival footage to provide context and different perspectives. Visual elements like lighting, colors, and framing of shots are used to guide viewer interpretation and influence their views of the subjects.

1. BBC 3

2.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Hand held
 Quick transition
 Tracking shot
 Lens movement
 Symbolic placement
 Close up
 Establishing shots
 Slow- motion
 Time lapse
 Blurred faces/protect identity
 Walking in front of camera shots/
immersed in the scene

3. • Symbolic placement of objects
relating to these peoples opinions
• Spread throughout the opening
shot
• Unable to escape it, audience
confronted with these drastic views
suddenly
• The word “obey” is reappears in
both these stills from the
documentary, suggesting that
everyone should behave in the
same manner as them
• The use of t-shirts as propaganda
for this groups message is
interesting to highlight
• An everyday item of clothing worn
by a everyday person perhaps
shows their believed normality of
what they are promoting and that is
like a trend that should catch on to
others, showing the extremeness of
this group
• As a result the documentary
chooses to portray this group
negatively as soon as the
documentary starts with the
opening shot

4. • Tracking shot
• We see the back of him
• Face not revealed yet
• Unknown to us yet
• Physical identity concealed
• Another aspect of his identity, the
group and practices he associates
with is shown throughout the
documentary in the build up to
meeting this character
• In the bottom right of the shot a
hand is on his arm, suggesting he is
supported by a group of people
and to them is viewed as a positive
figure
• Symmetrical
• All represent the
same views
• We also see there
backs as they are
observing the
preacher or
awaiting his
arrival

5. • Both shots show similar use of
symmetry
• Both have 4 people in the forefront of
the still but representing opposing
views
• The 1st still the people are protestors
who represent radical views shown by
the sign they hold and the slogan t-
shirts they wear
• They have their backs to the audience
instead looking at the crowd forming on
the other side of the fence, they are not
given an identity suggesting that the
documentary makers don’t deem them
worthy of one because of their opinions
• They are outnumbered by the crowd
who are blocked by the fence who are
presumably against their views
• In the 2nd still the 4 people are police
officers who are similar to the barricade
in the previous picture, blocking the
two crowds and views from clashing
• These police officers are facing the
audience watching the documentary ,
they are given an identity, it is clear
from their uniform that they represent
the law and ideas of what is right and
wrong

6. • Trump is a re- occurring
theme in American
documentaries
• Showing that the issues
being discussed in this
documentary are not
confined and able to
relate to different
aspects of America
socially and politically

7. • On the outside looking in on the
congregation through the window
• Audience is getting close to being a part of
the congregation and viewing what is said
by the preacher
• From this outside view they seem like
normal people and would be impossible to
tell the believed such thing on first glance
• In contrast to previous followers of this style
of preaching they are not dressed in the
same way with bold t-shirts and huge signs
• From this shot of the congregation we
get to see a diversity of people present
• Instantly the woman at the back of the
congregation with her head piece on is
clearly visible
• Showing a range of people from
different backgrounds all come
together in this type of community
• Highlighting that these views are
shared across a range of people

8. • In both these shots
the children’s faces are
blurred out which is a
techniques to keep
people anonymous
• The fact that there are
children present at this
congregation and
listening to what the
preacher is saying
show how these views
will continue to form in
people exposed to
them, even children

9. • Tracking shot
• Following preacher
through congregation
crowd
• Only following him, his
story, his views
• Which happen to
resonate with the
people surrounding him
• He is the most
important/ significant
out of everyone at the
church
• He stands out, his white
shirt contrasts against all
the other colours in the
background
• White signifies
innocence and purity
which is what this
preacher believes he
represents when he
teaches his views

10.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Fade out
 Fade in
 Fast and slow edits
 Dialogue and sound relates to clips

11. • Fade out of the
titles shot
• Fades into Paris
footage and
mourning scenes

12. • Clip relates to voice over
• The establishing shot of
the church is used when
the voice over discusses
that “300 people attend”
the church, and that they
are “evangelical Christians”
• These are some of the “300
people” who attend the church
• This still is taken from when
there is a cut to a crowd
reaction once the preacher
makes what he deems as a joke
about the phrase LGBTQ
standing for “let god burn them
quickly”
• This shot shows through a
supposed positive expression
the sinister atmosphere of this
congregation and there state of
mind towards issues such as
homosexuality

13.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Diegetic and non diegetic
 Location sound
 Speech
 Voice over
 Music
 Natural sound

14. • MAN ON SPEAKER PHONE:
“god is eternal, god is
infinite”- opening phrase
for documentary
• VOICE- OVER: “ America is
fighting for its soul”
• The idea of a “soul” links
with the male speakers
reference to god being
“eternal”
• “soul” has religious
connotations that also link
to his dialogue

15. • Pastor shaking hands with someone
• PASTOR: “ Hey what's up”
• VOICE OVER: “ The Obama era has alienated and
angered a growing number of evangelical
Christians”
• There is contrast between the two pieces of
dialogue, the pastor seems to communicate well
with those who is talking to as shown with the
handshake and his casual dialogue shown with
his use of the greeting “hey”
• Whereas the voice over talks of the alienating
effect of people with strong opposing beliefs
• Cut to this shot straight after voice
over of previous still from
documentary
• PASTOR: “ I didn’t choose this fight,
this fight has come to us, and you
know what I say? BRING IT ON!”

16. • MAN ON SPEAKER
PHONE: “ you might
have a Muslim walking
around here today that
may bomb for Allah and
take you out”
• VOICE OVER: “and a
network who take their
extreme and shocking
views onto the streets”
• The man is preaching
his extreme views of
Muslims in front of a
woman walking by who
is one
• He is unaware or not
concerned with who
may be listening and if
they are offended

17. • VOICE OVER: “ their preaching
intolerance and homophobia more
and more aggressively”
• Straight after this we see a shot of
the protestors being spat on by a
member of the crowd who
opposes their views
• Linking with the aggression the
voice over discussed
• WOMAN INTERVIEWEE: “its
disgusting there's on reason
for it”
• A view from the public
• Not everyone in this setting
shares the same views

18. • VOICE OVER: “ gaining
new followers as
American Politics
becomes more polarised”
• DONALD TRUMP:
“Donald trump is
calling for a total and
complete shut down
of Muslims entering
the United States”
• MALE IN RED ”FEAR” SHIRT: “ get back
Muslims, here's some bacon for you swine”
• He is also holding a packet of bacon
• Outright offensive comments
• Sees them as a joke
• These views are seemingly linked with Trump
and his supporters as they are edited to
directly follow one another

19. • PASTOR” “pastor Anderson here I am, now
are you guys homo’s or just sympathisers”
• The LGBTQ flag can be seen in the top left
hand corner, a symbol of that community
• The Pastor is a symbol of an directly
opposite community
• He is in the forefront therefor appears larger
and more intimidating than the flag, his
choice of the word “homo’s” shows his lack
of compassion and respect for members or
in his case “sympathisers” towards that
community
• VOICE OVER: “welcome to
the world of Christian hate
preaching”
• PASTOR: “ even if they kill
me I’ll just be that much
more popular”

20. 00:00- 01:35 Music playing : Royal Blood- Figure It Out, instrumental version of song, no lyrics, doesn’t distract from voice
over, near 01:35 the sound of the plane overlaps the music
01:35- 03:15 String instrument and drum, slow and eerie, the voice over discussing the mourning of victims of the Paris
attacks contrasts the shouting from the preacher, two opposing sounds/ meanings put together- “worshiping
death”
03:15- 03:45 Dialogue of preacher, sound of the car driving, “raw bible preaching” is what he believes to be a successful
aspect of his popularity, the “raw” element links to the fact that there is only location sound heard and no music
in this scene
03:45- 04:05 Country style music, guitar, deep one note, dark undertone to upcoming scene, voice over also present
04:05- 04:45 Sound of a crying baby is heard when the preacher says that their government is “for homosexuality”, preachers
voice is projected from the microphone, this is used to voice over shots of the congregation he is preaching to,
the preacher says LGBT stands for “let god burn them” to which the congregation responds harmoniously and
the phrase “right” is heard but the shot of the crowd is not cut to yet, the sound of a baby crying is heard again,
he then goes on to say that LGBTQ means “let god burn them quickly” to which the congregation responds to by
laughing which contrasts the baby's distress and this time we do cut to a shot of the crowd to see their response
04:45- 05:25 Piano sound starts at end of previous scene and carries on into this one, along with the noises of the crowd and
the voice over, the piano music is made prominent where necessary when no/little dialogue is taking place,
there is also a piano in one of the shots in this scene being played linking the sound directly to what the
audience is viewing
05:25- 05:50 Whilst the interview is taking place with the preacher the crowd can be heard in the background, just dialogue
no music track, location sound is used instead, when the preacher says “any man who would have sex with
another man would have sex with an animal” the crowd noise suddenly gets louder adding tension to the
interview, he goes on to state “that’s reality” and then shots of children playing in the church are cut to, showing
the innocence contrasting with what he is saying in the same room as them, and that perhaps they will grow up
to see what he is saying as “reality”
05:50- 06:03 The preacher says homosexuals should “kill themselves”, on this occasion his drastic opinions are not said out
in the open but confined to the private room in which the interview is taking place, where no children are
present

21.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Direct and indirect
 Mid shot
 Close up
 Direct address
 String of interviews
 Cutaways
 Visual coding
 Natural lighting

22. • Hands off steering wheel whilst
talking in car
• First sign of his carelessness as a
person
• Close up of wheel
• Drives a Hyundai car
• Suggests his occupation allows him to
make a descent living
• Can live sufficiently as a result
• Outfit- t-shirt
• Casual wear
• Not typical image of a pastor
• Made to appear “normal”/
“everyday”

23. • Outfit changed
• Smart attire- shirt and tie
• In a professional place- his
occupation
• Not in a casual setting like he was
previously in his car
• Takes his role seriously in his
church showed through his
clothing and others in the crowd
behind him
• All dressed smart
• Important occasion to hear him
preach
• This interview doesn’t take place
in the open, instead talking in a
private room, presumably his
office
• His computer is visible in the
background, the placement of
this object suggests that his
views are the opinions of a new
generation of people

24.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Gender- female
 Voice of god – challenged
convention
 Authorative
 Moves narrative forward

25. • Voice over is the woman making
the documentary
• Involvement
• Personal
• Not just anyone
• Has involvement in story as seen
with the use of subtitles in this
still
• She is brought into the
documentary and although she
is not physically seen her voice
and the subtitles aid in the
audience building up a version
of her character and views on
the topic
• Her authority is asserted in the
subtitles use of punctuation
with the use of the exclamation
mark to highlight her strong
opinion in his views

26.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Variety of views on topic
 Historical knowledge
 Videos or images

27. • The voice over says
the pastor has been
“banned from
entering the UK”
• The footage has a
green tint to it which
disassociates it with
what is being shown
in the present
• Audience is aware it
is video from a past
preaching
• Archive footage of a Donald Trump
speech
• Audience watching is aware of the
political situation in America and
therefore of trump
• His dialogue links to the documentary
and its exploration of peoples views

28.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Computer generated
 Text and titles
 Two lines

29. • Subtitles used when
something prominent is
being said/discussed
and needs to be heard
buy audience
• also seen on the screen
to reinforce their
conversation as a part
to pay attention to
• The text is in white but
highlighted by a grey
box so it doesn’t blend
in with the setting
• Text in white
• All capitals- know its
important, sum sup
the documentary
• Not a bold font,
objects from backing
scene like the
aeroplane allowed to
over lap the text

30.  CONVENTIONS USED:
 Natural (from environment)
 Low key lighting
 High key lighting

31. • Lens flare
• Filmed in natural lighting
• Realism
• The idea that what is being shown to audience
cant be contained within the documentary but
expands to outside of their viewing
• Ideas shown are not only isolated to this one
area focused on
• Low key lighting
• Scene filmed at night
• Sets the mood/tone for their discussion
• Dark/sinister/unpleasant/ frightening
• The idea of social realism, this is the reality for
people who listen to or preach these views
• Daylight scenes
• High key lighting
• Sense of morality attached to these scenes
• What is right or wrong
• These protestors view what they are
representing as right but others would disagree
• Conflict between viewer and what is being
shown