Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is an impairment of vision that occurs when the nerve pathway from one eye to the brain does not develop normally in childhood, usually caused by an eye turning inward or outward or one eye having significantly better focus than the other. It is the most common vision problem in children affecting ages 1-10. While treatment is most effective before age 8, vision therapy can still help those diagnosed later in childhood or as adults. Treatment involves correcting refractive errors with glasses and patching or medicating the stronger eye to encourage use of the weaker eye.
Lazy eye and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for lazy eye and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Several hidden eye problems can be detected and prevented as early as birth. Furthermore, a routine eye examination from age 4 onwards is recommended for all children. For more information, visit us on https://bit.ly/3feqoSm
9 Signs Your Child May Have Vision ProblemsDuPageMedGroup
According to the American Public Health Association, nearly 10% of preschoolers have eye or vision problems. Vision plays a critical role in a child's development. As they grow, children depend on their vision to learn new tasks and develop their coordination and motor skills. It can be difficult to determine if your child is experiencing vision issues, especially when they are young. DuPage Medical Group's Ophthalmologists share what signs to watch for that may indicate vision problems in children.
Ophthalmology Procedures List | Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures PdfMedcureIndia
Learn more about Surgical Procedures at Advanced Eye Care! Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye by. MedcureIndia can assist you with the following Ophthalmology procedures
Lazy eye and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for lazy eye and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Several hidden eye problems can be detected and prevented as early as birth. Furthermore, a routine eye examination from age 4 onwards is recommended for all children. For more information, visit us on https://bit.ly/3feqoSm
9 Signs Your Child May Have Vision ProblemsDuPageMedGroup
According to the American Public Health Association, nearly 10% of preschoolers have eye or vision problems. Vision plays a critical role in a child's development. As they grow, children depend on their vision to learn new tasks and develop their coordination and motor skills. It can be difficult to determine if your child is experiencing vision issues, especially when they are young. DuPage Medical Group's Ophthalmologists share what signs to watch for that may indicate vision problems in children.
Ophthalmology Procedures List | Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures PdfMedcureIndia
Learn more about Surgical Procedures at Advanced Eye Care! Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye by. MedcureIndia can assist you with the following Ophthalmology procedures
Your eyes are an important part of your health. There are many things you can do to keep them healthy and make sure you are seeing your best.If you have any questions about your eyes, please speak to your pharmacist, doctor or optometrist.
Short but detailed slide about the different eye conditions that can be obtained.
For more information
HBT MEDIA----MEDICAL MARKETING
WWW.HBTMEDIA.CO.UK
Email: CUSTOMERSERVICE@HBTMEDIA.CO.UK
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Several hidden eye problems can be detected and prevented
as early as birth. Furthermore, a routine eye examination from
age 4 onwards is recommended for all children.
Your eyes are an important part of your health. There are many things you can do to keep them healthy and make sure you are seeing your best.If you have any questions about your eyes, please speak to your pharmacist, doctor or optometrist.
Short but detailed slide about the different eye conditions that can be obtained.
For more information
HBT MEDIA----MEDICAL MARKETING
WWW.HBTMEDIA.CO.UK
Email: CUSTOMERSERVICE@HBTMEDIA.CO.UK
TEL: +447958403978 / +447932063427
Several hidden eye problems can be detected and prevented
as early as birth. Furthermore, a routine eye examination from
age 4 onwards is recommended for all children.
Persian 021912 email tounitedstatescongressVogelDenise
Will need 2010 PowerPoint to view – Free Download at http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/try/:
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Visit: www.vogeldenisenewsome.net Better viewed through FireFox Web Browser – Free Download at http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
03/12/11 PETITION FOR EXTRAORDINARY WRIT (President Barack Obama)VogelDenise
03/12/11 PETITION FOR EXTRAORDINARY WRIT (President Barack Obama).
This is the ORIGINAL Lawsuit involving United States of America President Barack Obama that the United States White, United States Supreme Court and United States Congress is trying to KEEP from being filed!
Lazy eye and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for lazy eye and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Lazy eye and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for lazy eye and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
Lazy eye and its homeopathy treatment in Chembur, Mumbai, India.Shewta shetty
"Treatment & remedies for lazy eye and its effective homeopathy treatment.Personalised online consultancy & treatments provided at our clinic by efficient panel of doctors in our center at mumbai,Bombay,Chembur, India.Contact us."
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From Pakistan, Dr. Waqar Ahmad received his FCPS in ophthalmology. Additionally, he has completed CHPE in Medical Education from Pakistan and ICO Clinical from the UK. He is employed as an assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital and the Lahore Medical and Dental College.
From Pakistan, Dr. Waqar Ahmad received his FCPS in ophthalmology. Additionally, he has completed CHPE in Medical Education from Pakistan and ICO Clinical from the UK. He is employed as an assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital and the Lahore Medical and Dental College.
From Pakistan, Dr. Waqar Ahmad received his FCPS in ophthalmology. Additionally, he has completed CHPE in Medical Education from Pakistan and ICO Clinical from the UK. He is employed as an assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital and the Lahore Medical and Dental College.
This PowerPoint presentation serves as a comprehensive resource on strabismus, an ocular condition characterized by the misalignment of the eyes. By addressing various aspects of strabismus, including its causes, types, diagnosis, treatment, and patient care, this presentation offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking a deeper understanding of the condition.
The presentation begins with an introduction, providing a clear definition of strabismus and a brief historical background to set the context. It then delves into the anatomy and physiology of the ocular system, explaining the intricate mechanisms of eye movements, the role of extraocular muscles, and the pathways involved in visual perception.
To facilitate a comprehensive understanding, the etiology and classification of strabismus are thoroughly explored. The presentation differentiates between congenital and acquired strabismus, comitant and incomitant forms, and primary and secondary manifestations. Specific etiological factors that contribute to strabismus development are also discussed, shedding light on the diverse causes behind this condition.
Clinical features and symptoms associated with strabismus are highlighted to familiarize the audience with the manifestations of misalignment. These include binocular vision impairments, amblyopia (commonly known as lazy eye), diplopia (double vision), and the overall impact of strabismus on patients' quality of life. Understanding these aspects is crucial in recognizing the functional and psychosocial consequences of strabismus and emphasizes the importance of timely intervention.
The diagnostic evaluation section provides insights into the tools and techniques used to diagnose strabismus accurately. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination is explained, along with specific tests such as the cover-uncover test, alternate cover test, prism cover test, and various imaging techniques that aid in the assessment and quantification of eye misalignment.
Treatment modalities for strabismus are discussed, encompassing both non-surgical and surgical interventions. Non-surgical approaches include spectacle correction, patching therapy to treat amblyopia, pharmacological agents for specific cases, and vision therapy aimed at enhancing binocular vision and eye coordination. Surgical interventions are explored in detail, including indications, considerations, and an overview of different surgical techniques employed to correct eye misalignment.
The presentation highlights the importance of management strategies in strabismus care. Early intervention, particularly in cases involving amblyopia, is emphasized as a means to optimize treatment outcomes. The multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration between ophthalmologists, optometrists, orthoptists, and other healthcare professionals is underscored for comprehensive patient care. The long-term follow-up and monitoring required to address patients....
Do you know impaired vision can hamper your childs' performance in school? Don't worry! Disha Eye Hospital is the best eye care hospital in Kolkata, treats children's refractive errors.
For more details visit at: http://www.dishaeye.org/
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Amblyopia is when the
nerve pathway from one
eye to the brain doesn’t
develop during childhood.
This occurs because the
abnormal eye sends a
blurred image or the wrong
image to the brain.
Amblyopia can affect the
first decade of childhood
(1-10 yrs old). It is the most
common vision problem in
children.
3. Amblyopia usually starts when one eye
has much better focus than the other
eye.
› For example: one eye might be very
nearsighted or have a lot of astigmatism,
while the other does not. When the brain is
confronted with both a blurry image and a
clear image, it will begin to ignore the blurry
image. If this goes on for months or years, the
vision in the eye that sees the blurry image
will deteriorate.
4. Another cause of amblyopia is
“strabismus”.
› Strabismus is an ocular
misalignment, meaning that
one eye turns inward or
outward.
› This prevents the eyes from
focusing together on an
image and can cause
double vision.
› As a respond, the brain
generally chooses to ignore
the image from the
abnormal eye, causing the
vision in that eye to
deteriorate.
› Because one of the eyes is
misaligned, some people
refer to this as a "lazy eye."
5. Eyes that don’t appear to work together
Inability to judge depth correctly
Poor vision in one eye
Easily diagnosed with a complete
examination of the eyes
Eyes turn in or out
6. Correcting the optical
deficit, (wearing glasses),
forcing use of the eye
You can patch the good
eye or apply topical
atropine in the eye with
better vision
Full recovery is near
impossible in anyone
over eight
However, treatment in
Ages 9-adult is possible
through applied
perceptual learning
7. DugDale, D. C. (2010, August 12). Amblyopia. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002009/
Amblyopia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amblyopia
Causes of amblyopia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.eyecollege.com/Amblyopia.asp
Amblyopia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://eyerobics.com.au/amblyopia.html
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://uvahealth.com/services/childrens-
hospital/conditions-treatments/96469 (Photo 1)
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://healthy-ojas.com/eye/amblyopia.html
(Photo 2)
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://drpatch.ca/ (Photo )