Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, refers to reduced vision in one or both eyes that results from suppression of the retinal image. It is caused by uncorrected refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism between the eyes (anisometropia); eye misalignment like strabismus; or visual deprivation from conditions that obstruct the visual axis. Symptoms include misaligned eyes, poor depth perception, eye closing or squinting, and eyes not moving together. Treatment involves correcting refractive errors with glasses or contacts, patching or blurring the stronger eye to stimulate the weaker eye, and sometimes surgery to repair eye alignment issues or remove obstructions.

1. AMBLYOPIA
(lazy eye)
By-
Anurag Boral
3rd year, 5th sem
B.OPTOM
14901721012

2. Amblyopia
Amblyopia by definition refers to a partial loss of vision in one eye and rarely in both eyes. It
results from physical suppression of the retinal image .
It is decrease of vision in one or both eyes in best corrected visual acuity caused by visual
deprivation,defocus,deviation.

3. Etiology
3D
Defocus
Deviation Deprivation

4. •Amblyopia due to defocus: The most common cause of amblyopia. Difference
between refractive errors of two eyes (anisometropia ).
•Amblyopia due to deviation: Results from suppression of the deviating eye.
•Amblyopia due to deprivation: Deprivation amblyopia is the least common and
typically most severe form of amblyopic and develops when visual axis is obstructed.
Etiology

5. Signs and symptoms of amblyopia include:
•Misalignment of the eyes, or strabismus
•Poor depth perception and peripheral vision
•Repeated eye closure or squinting
•Eyes that don’t move in the same direction when the child is trying to focus.
•A persistent head turn or head tilt
•Persistent shaking of the eyes
Signs and symptomps

6. Treatment and management
•Corrective eyewear: Glasses or contact lenses can correct problems such as nearsightedness,
farsightedness or astigmatism that result in lazy eye.
• Eye patches: To stimulate the weaker eye, your child wears an eye patch over the eye with
better vision for two to six or more hours a day. In rare cases, wearing an eye patch too long can
cause amblyopia to develop in the patched eye. However it's usually reversible.
•Bangerter filter: This special filter is placed on the eyeglass lens of the stronger eye. The filter
blurs the stronger eye and, like an eye patch, works to stimulate the weaker eye.
•Eyedrops: An eyedrop of a medication called atropine (Isopto Atropine) can temporarily blur
vision in the stronger eye. Usually prescribed for use on weekends or daily, use of the drops
encourages your child to use the weaker eye, and offers an alternative to a patch. Side effects
include sensitivity to light and eye irritation.
• Surgery: Your child might need surgery if he or she has droopy eyelids or cataracts that cause
deprivation amblyopia. If your child's eyes continue to cross or wander apart with the
appropriate glasses, your doctor might recommend surgical repair to straighten the eyes, in
addition to other lazy eye treatments.