The Internet began in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first satellite, alarming US military leaders. In response, the US military created DARPA to develop new technologies and regain technological leadership. DARPA developed the ARPANET in the 1960s to connect universities and research labs, allowing for resource-sharing. The ARPANET used early networking protocols like NCP and eventually adopted TCP/IP in 1983. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, more networks were established that were eventually connected, establishing the Internet.