ALUs and HDLs .pptx
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An ALU (arithmetic logic unit) carries out arithmetic and logic operations on operands in computer instructions. It receives an opcode and operands from memory and performs operations like addition, subtraction, AND, OR, XOR. An FPGA (field-programmable gate array) is a programmable integrated circuit that allows a user to implement custom logic functions. Verilog HDL (hardware description language) is used to describe the behavior of digital circuits, including how blocks are connected and data flows through an FPGA.
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An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise logical operations on integer binary numbers.
This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units.
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- 1. Eembedded Systems II ALU and HDL basics
- 2. ALUs
- 3. What is an ALU? An arithmetic-logic unit is the part of a CPU that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units: an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU).
- 4. How does an ALU work? the ALU has direct input and output access to the processor controller, main memory (random access memory or RAM in a personal computer) and I/O devices. Inputs and outputs flow along an electronic path that is called a bus. The input consists of a machine instruction word, that contains an "opcode," one or more operands and sometimes a format code. The operation code tells the ALU what operation to perform and the operands are used in the operation.
- 5. Operations supported by ALUs The following are a few examples of bitwise logical operations and basic arithmetic operations supported by ALUs: Addition. Adds A and B with carry-in or carry-out sum at Y. Subtraction. Subtracts B from A or vice versa with the difference at Y and carry-in or carry-out. Increment. Where A or B is increased by one and Y represents the new value. Decrement. Where A or B is decreased by one and Y represents the new value. AND. The bitwise logic AND of A and B is represented by Y. OR. The bitwise logic OR of A and B is represented by Y. Exclusive-OR. The bitwise logic XOR of A and B is represented by Y. ALU shift functions cause A or B operands to shift, either right or left, with the new operand represented by Y.
- 7. What is an FPGA? FPGA stands for field- programmable gate array. an FPGA is a hardware circuit that a user can program to carry out one or more logical operations. FPGAs are integrated circuits, or ICs, which are sets of circuits on a chip—that’s the “array” part. Those circuits, or arrays, are groups of programmable logic gates, memory, or other elements.
- 8. Why not MCU or ASIC? always
- 9. Verilog The Verilog Hardware Description Language (Verilog HDL) is a language that describes the behavior of electronic circuits, most commonly digital circuits. Blocking and non-blocking assignments are provided to control the execution order within an always block. statement execution. Port-mapping is the way in which you order your parameters(instantiate your module). There are 2 techniques: o Port mapping by order o Port mapping by name
- 11. Questions?