introduction, general characteristics, properties, Sources, mode of intake, pathophysiological effects, toxic effects, signs, symptoms, complications, Lab diagnosis, treatment & preventive measures of Aluminum poisoning

1. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, UIAHS.
Course Code: 20MLB-308 Course Name:Advance Clinical Chemistry
Aluminium Toxicity Notes
Name of the Faculty: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar E13404 Program Name: BSc. MLT Sem-5

2. About Myself
Attuluri Vamsi Kumar
Assistant Professor
Department of MLT, UIAHS
www.mltmaster.com
Contact Information
•Phone Number: 7416660584
•Mail ID: attuluri.e13404@cumail.in CUID: E13404
•Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Attuluri-Kumar
•ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9278-6714
•Linked-In: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vamsi-kumar-attuluri-ab8987128/
•Website: www.mltmaster.com
•YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDBDu8tnIZY&t=91s
•Slide Share: https://www.slideshare.net/VamsiIntellectual
•Subject Website: https://sites.google.com/view/haematologybmls2002/home
•Research Area: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Virtual
Portfolio QR

3. Program Structure B.Sc MLT 2020 Sem-5
SN Code Title L T P S C CH
Pre-
requisite
Co-
requisites
1 20MLT-301 Clinical Microbiology- IV (Virology
and Mycology)
3 0 0 0 3 3 20MLT-204
20MLT-251
20MLP-
304
2 20MLT-302 Analytical Biochemistry-II 3 0 0 0 3 3 20MLT-152 20MLP-
305
3 20MLT-303 Cytotechnology 3 0 0 0 3 3 20MLT-203 20MLP-
306
4 20MLP-304 Clinical Microbiology- IV (Virology
and Mycology) Lab
0 0 2 0 1 2 -- 20MLT-301
5 20MLP-305 Analytical Biochemistry-II Lab 0 0 3 0 1.5 3 - 20MLT-302
6 20MLP-306 Cytotechnology Lab 0 0 3 0 1.5 3 - 20MLT-303
7 20MLA-307 Biomedical Engineering 2 0 0 0 2 2 - -
8 20MLB-308 Advance Clinical Chemistry 2 0 0 0 2 2 - -
9 20UCY-396 Life skill & Mentoring-V 0 1 0 0 1 1 - -
10 20MLY-309 Professional Training 2 0 2 2 - -
11 20MLY-BBB Emergency to First Aid 1 0 0 0 1 1 - -
12 20MLY-BBB Introduction to NABL 1 0 0 0 1 1 - -
13 20MLY-BBB Wellness Management 1 0 0 0 1 1 -
Total 24 28

4. Course Objectives
The Advance Clinical Chemistry
subject aims to augment students awareness toward the
New testing and their procedures by operating advanced
instruments
To enrich their knowledge about tests.
To build base for further by the knowledge of instruments

5. Course outcomes
Subject Outcome
1 The student would be able to produce
knowledge of testing procedure
2 Students would be able to reproduce
instrument knowledge.

6. Syllabus overview
Unit -1
Toxic effects of over exposure of metals – (Aluminum, antimony,
arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,
Manganese, Mercury, platinum, selenium, silver, thallium
.
Unit -2
Clinical biochemistry of cardiac bio markers, cardiac injury
biomarkers, renal insufficiency markers
Clinical biomarkers for diabetes insipidus, renal calculi laboratory
support for replace therapy

7. For any heavy metal toxicity the following
need to be addressed
1. Introduction/General
characteristic/properties of Heavy metal
2. Sources of heavy metal – Mode of intake
3. Patho physiological effects – mechanism
4. Toxic effects – signs and symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis of heavy metal exposed
person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive measures
1) Aluminum,
2) antimony,
3) arsenic,
4) beryllium,
5) cadmium,
6) chromium,
7) cobalt,
8) copper,
9) iron,
10) lead,
11) Manganese,
12) Mercury,
13) platinum,
14) selenium,
15) silver,
16) thallium

12. Aluminium Toxicity

13. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/
properties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

14. Aluminium toxicity Introduction
Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/
properties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

15. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

16. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

17. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

18. • Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of aluminum toxicity. Aluminum toxicity affects different body organs, including brain,
parathyroid gland, kidney, lungs, liver, bones, and bone marrow, leading to various clinical manifestations. Aluminum effect on bone
marrow leads to the formation of abnormal red blood cells besides its effect parathyroid gland and on musculoskeletal system is
represented by abnormalities like osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Liver stenosis and nephrotic syndrome are other important
manifestations of aluminum toxicity. Brain and respiratory system can also be severely damaged, followed by aluminum poisoning.
Memory loss, tremor, jerk, and death are important manifestations of brain injury. Lung injury can be represented by different clinical
manifestations such as asthma and chronic bronchitis (created with BioRender.com).
Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

19. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in
the person
exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

20. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in
the person
exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

21. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/pr
operties of Heavy
metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

22. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

23. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

24. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

25. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

26. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

27. Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

28. Treatment
• Chelation therapy is suggested in acute and chronic cases of poisoning
with aluminum salts. Undoubtedly, the only chelator with confirmed
useful effects in the case of aluminum poisoning is deferoxamine mesylate
(desferrioxamine) (DFO) (Figure 2). The National Kidney Foundation Kidney
Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) recommends the use of
DFO when the concentration of aluminum is in the range of 60 to
200 μg/liter in dialysis patients. In acute and chronic cases and minimizing
anticipated encephalopathy, DFO is prescribed. Chronic dialysis patients
will receive a dose of 5 mg/kg of DFO (or sometimes a lower dose) for
more than an hour before the scheduled dialysis session. It is also
prescribed in acute conditions at a higher dose of 15 mg/kg/day.
Deferoxamine binds to aluminum and forms aluminoxamine chelate which
is excreted by urine or hemodialysis. The duration of use differs in
dementia, osteomalacia, and encephalopathy [19, 73, 74].
Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/emi/2022/1480553/

29. • Prevention
• People who are on dialysis or get IV
nutrition should talk to their doctor about
ways to reduce the risk of taking in too
much aluminum.
Aluminium
1.Intro/General
characteristics/p
roperties of
Heavy metal
2. Sources of
heavy metal –
Mode of intake
3. Patho
physiological
effects –
mechanism
4. Toxic effects –
signs and
symptoms in the
person exposed
5. Complications
6. Lab Diagnosis
of heavy metal
exposed person
7. Treatment
8. Preventive
measures

30. Aluminium Toxicity
• Reference:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782734/#:~:text=Following%20oral%20expos
ure%2C%20aluminium%20distributes,alterations%20reported%20after%20excessive%20doses.
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071840/pdf/ITX-12-45.pdf
3. https://www.winchesterhospital.org/health-library/article?id=164929