TITANIUM

1. Titanium and its
alloys

2. Introduction
• What is titanium?
Titanium is a chemical element with the
symbol Ti and atomic no 22. It is lustrous
transition metal with a silver colour, low
density and high strength.
• Discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by
William Gregor in 1791

3. Properties of titanium
• High strength
• Stiffness
• Toughness
• Low density
• Not a good conductor of electricity
• If copper conductivity is taken as 100% then
conductivity of titanium is 3.1%

4. What is alloy?
• An alloy is a combination of metals or a
combination of one or more metals with non-
metallic elements
• Examples of common alloys: Steel: A
combination of iron (metal) and carbon (non-
metal) Bronze: A combination of copper
(metal) and tin (metal) Brass: A mixture of
copper (metal) and zinc (metal)

5. Titanium alloys
• Metals that contain a mixture of titanium and
other chemical elements
• Examples:
 Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo
 Ti-6Al-4V
 Ti-6Al-7Nb

6. Alloying system
• Alpha phase (HCP structure)
• Beta phase (BCC structure)
• Allotropic transformation from alpha to beta
at 882.3 C
ALLOYING ELEMENTS
• Alpha Stabilizers elements: Al, O, N
• Beta Stabilizers elements: Mo, V, Ni, Cu
• Neutral: Zr, Si, Sn

7. Classification of titanium alloys
• Commercially pure (CP) titanium alpha and
near alpha titanium alloys
Generally non-heat treatable and weldable
Medium strength, good creep strength
• Alpha-beta Titanium alloys
Heat treatable, good forming properties
Medium to high strength, good creep strength
• Beta titanium alloys
Heat treatable and readily formable
Very high strength and low ductility

8. Production of titanium alloys
• Extraction processes
• Melting processes
• Casting processes
• Forming processes
• Heat treatments

9. Properties of titanium alloys
• High tensile strength
• High toughness
• Light in weight
• Extraordinary corrosion resistance
• Ability to withstand extreme temperatures
• Bio compatible materials
• Non-magnetic properties

10. Application of Titanium alloys
• Used mainly in aerospace
• marine
• chemical
• biomedical applications
• consumer electronics
• sports