3. The term “ Ayurveda” is derived from two Sanskrit
words , Ayur and Veda .
Ayur means life and Veda means knowledge or
science.
Therefore Ayurveda means science of life or way
of life.
Its is upveda of Atharveda.
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4. Contributors
Charaka-
oldest text of Ayuurveda------
Is edited from Agnivesh samhita
Agnivesh-desciple of sage Atreya
Sushrut-Father of surgical medicine
Nagarjun- phylospher, physician, alchemist and
Buddhist monk.
Application of chemistry and alchemy to the
medicines
Rasa ratnakar, Rasa kanchputa and Yoga sataka
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5. Theory and basic
principles
Gun ras
virya
vipaka
Tridosha Panchmahabhuta
sindhanta
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6. 3/25/2024 Pradnya Wadekar Bapat, Asst. Prof, ABCP
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Prithv
Body
form &
Shape
Akash
• Vacul
oles
• Trans
porati
on of
nutrie
nts
Aap
Maintai
ns
moistur
e &
lubricati
on
Tej/Agn
Produce
heat &
energy
Vayu
Prana
8. Vata
• Akash + Vayu
• Light and mobile
• Imbalance due to cold weather, vatta food
Pitta
• Tej + aap
• Acidic, bright and hot
• Imbalance due to hot weather, spicy food
Kapha
• Aap+ Prithvi
• Watery and heavy
• Imbalance due to cold weather, heavy metal, too
much rest
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9. Rasa Gun Virya Vipakaprabhava
These 5 principles are Panchsheel of Ayurvedic
Indicates characteristics of dravya (drug
substance)
Rasa- therapeutic active ingredient
Gun- quality
Virya- active principle by which the potency is
characteerised
Vipaka- end product of digestion
Prabhava- actual therapeutic activity of drug in
indivudual
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10. Tridosha dhatu mala sidhanta
8 dhatu- rasa, raktam, mansa, meda, asthi,
majja, shukra and oja
3 mala purisha (feaces), mutra and sweda
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12. Diagnosis
Charak samhita describes Nidana sthana nadi
(Pulse),tongue , skin, physical features, stool, urine
etc idea about Prakruti of patient
General history is also recorded
Systemic examination like functional nature of
respiratory tract, GIT, circulatory systems, etc are
also done
Mala is also taken into consideration
Ayurvedic practitioner can tell about the
dominance of the particular Dosha
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13. Treatment
The importance of treatment is to restore the balance and
harmony of doshas with proper diet and drugs
Charak Samhita describes Chikitsa Sthana
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Types of chikitsa treatment
Kayachikitsa General medicine
Shalakyatantra Treatment of diseases abovr clavicular
region by shalaka
Shalyatantra Acute and chronic diseases caused due
to foreign bodies
Vishgaravairodhika chikitsa Toxic substances
Rasayan chikitsa Promotional health
Vajeekaranam Diseases of genital organs
Koumaryabhryatya tantra For pediatric diseases
Bhutvidya For diseases which have no logical
causative factor
14. Types of drugs formulation in
ayurveda
Powders Liquids Semisolids Tablets
Churna Swaras Kalka Vatika
Bhasma Putpak Ghrita Gutika
Satva Manda Malam vati
Rasayan Kwath Avaleha
Pisti Phanta rasayoga
Mandur Hima
Parpati Taila
kshar Asava
Arishta
Arka
Drawana
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17. Siddha system of medicines:
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18. Siddha system of medicines:
Dates back pre-ayurveda poeriod
Developed in Indus valley but transported into
south india with migration of dravidian people
Migration led to addition of few more plants in to
this system
Siddha vaidya has studied thousands of herbs
and have arrived at tangible solutions for health
problems
It is effective in managing chronic health
problems, digestive conditions, viral and heart
diseases.
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19. Contributers
Boagar- a Taoist chinese has done extensive
work on alchemy and medicine
Pullppari- Chinese, good knowledge in
medicinal alchemy
Turumular- founded Siddha schools
Atreya- also contributed for schools. Agattiyar
charaku
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20. Basic theory
According to this system the human body is the
replica of the universe and so are the food and
drugs irrespective of their their origin
Based on principles of Triguna
Vata, pitta and Kapha
Believed as its origin itsellf in foetal developmental
stages in mothers womb
These imbalanced due to nutritional, physical and
environmental conditions
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21. Predominance of triguna according to time in a
day is as below-
6.00 am to 10.00 am-Vata
10.00 am to 2.00 pm- Pitta
2.00 pm to 6.oo pm- Kapha
Same order of time followed by body in night
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26. Nadi: balance of triguna change in pulse
Full nadiasthematic condition
½ or ¼ nadi gases, pains, arthritis, swelling
Abnormal nadi TB
Propagates to left loss of self control
Propagates to right sign of death
Dwani:
High sound pitta, hyperacidity
Low sound low BP
Tongue:
With boils imbalance of vata
Bitter taste pitta imbalance
Slimy indigestion and low BP
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28. The Siddha Physician has thorough knowledge
of herbs and their effectiveness in specific
composition and formulation
Drugs are prepared from vegetable, animal
and mineral origin
Hg, Au,Ag, S, Zn, Cu, alum, borax, mica,
asbestos, and Ar are also used
Drugs from animals secretions like civet, musk,
shells, bones of aquatic animals, deer horns,
animal flesh
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Treatment:
36. Unani system of medicines
Unani system originated in Greece
Unani system of medicine was developed during
Arabian civilization
In Europe its known as Arab medicines
It has its origin in concept of Hippocrates in 460 BC
Aristotle, Dioscorides & Galen contributed further
Greek medicines were further added in Unani
system
It was introduced in India by the Arabs and
Persians sometime around the eleventh century.
Indian ayurvedic system of medicines were further
added in Unani system
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37. Theory and basic concepts:
Its is based on the Hippocratic theory of 4 humours
and Pythagorian theory of four proximate qualities
Hippocratic theory of 4 humours- blood (khoon),
phlegm(balgham), yellow bile(safra) and black
bile(sauda)
These are end product of digestion
Known to regulate functions of body.
Pythagorian theory of four proximate qualities- ie state
of matter-
cold, hot, wet, dry
Associate with each other to give combinations
Earth and water develop organs
Air and fire produce energy
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38. •These four qualities are inherent in elements and their
interaction with each other gives rise to the quality of the
person ie. Mijaz or temperament
9 types of Mijaz- 4 qualities+ 4 combinations+ euable (Motadi)
As per temperament, personalities-
Hot moist Air
Hot dry Fire
Cold moist Water
Cold dry earth
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Hot Mija-e-har
Cold Miajaz-e-barid
Dry Mijaz-e-yabis
Moist Mijaz-e-rath
39. The humour (put into a good mood) is also
assigned temperament as blood is hot and wet,
Phlegm is cold and wet, Yellow bile is hot and dry
and Black bile is cold and dry
Phlegm is cold and wet: Thick, sticky, stringy
mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the
respiratory tract, as during a cold or other
respiratory infection.
Yellow bile is hot and dry: A yellow, or greenish,
viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by
the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids
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40. Black bile is cold and dry: a humor that was once
believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen
and to cause sadness
Health: 4 humours in correct proporation
Diseae: due to humour deficiency, plethora,
imbalance in humour, or external factor eg infection
ie Tadia
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41. Diagnosis
Hakeems and physician diagnose patients by
observing- pulse, sputum, urine, stool
Patient’s psychology, age, sex, habits, family
history, hobbies, occupation working conditions
can also be considered
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42. Treatment:
Treats root cuase of disease, not the symptom.
Treament is divided into two parts-
Attempts to remove cause of disease
Strenthening of natural deffence mechanism and prevention of
relapse
Disease imbalance of humours homours is end
product of digestion
Hence, diet is regularized in order to remove
accumulated toxins and restore homour balance
Body might be cleaned by purgation, vomiting,
bleeding followed by suitable treatment
Physical, mental emotional exercises promot inner
health
Massage for tonning of nervous and circulatory
system
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48. INTRODUCTION
Homeopathy = homois (similar) + pathos
(suffering)
It's based on the principle that substances that
cause symptoms in healthy people can be used in
extreme dilution to treat illnesses that cause the
same symptoms (likes cure like)
Basically homeopathy allows the body to heal itself
by triggering body’s natural immune response
Eg: caffeine can treat insomnia
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49. Samuel Hahnemann
Founder of Homeopathy
1755-1843
Picture from the London
Homoeopathic Hospital
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50. HISTORY
Homeopathy began in the late
1700s, developed by a German
doctor named Samuel Hahnemann.
Hahnemann was dissatisfied with
the often-severe treatments that
were being used and was looking
for a more natural way to treat
illnesses
Homeopathy achieved its greatest
popularity in the 19th century.
The first homeopathic schools
opened in 1830
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51. Discovering homeopathy
While translating William Cullen's A treatise of
the materia medica into German, Hahnemann
was struck by a passage that deal with
cinchona bark, which was used to treat malaria.
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52. Discovering homeopathy
• He concluded from this experience that
effective drugs must produce symptoms in
healthy people that are similar to the diseases
they will be expected to treat.
• Today this principal is known as the
"Law of Similars" and is the basis
for the use of the term
homeopathy ("similar suffering").
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53. Discovering homeopathy
• Cullen described its mechanism of action as a
function of its stomach-strengthening properties.
• Hahnemann did not accept this explanation and
took "four good drams of Peruvian bark, twice a
day for several days" to attempt to characterize
the action of the quinine-containing bark.
• Hahnemann reported that he began to develop
symptoms identical to those of malaria.
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54. Experimental stage
Hahnemann and colleagues began to test various
substances to determine the types of symptoms they
produced.
These results suggested to
Hahnemann what the drugs
would be useful to treat.
He published an essay on new
principles of ascertaining the
curative powers of drug and
some examinations of previous
principles
It was crtisised by scientific comminuity
But he was sure about it and stated its not new but
discovered long back by Hippocrates as Nature’s law of cure
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55. Experimental stage
With reduction of the dose to infinitesimal levels by
multiple serial dilutions of ten or hundred fold .
Soluble compounds or liquids were diluted in alcohol;
insoluble materials were serially diluted by grinding with
lactose.
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56. Experimental stage
Hahnemann practiced Homeopathic medicine
for almost 50 years until his death in 1843
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57. Theory and basic concept
Similia Similibus Curantur- Let like be treated
by like
Emphasises on root cause of disease and
naturer’s law of it’s cure ie Similia Similibus
Curantur
Uniquie feature – small dose and methodology
of serial dilution
Serial dilution causes liberation and transfer of
energy to meidum used as base ie sugar or
alcohol
Proving of drug
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58. 7 priciples-
Individualization
Principle of Similia
Principle of Simplex
Principle of minimum dose
Law of proving
Law of dynamisation and vital force
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59. Causes of disease
Hahnemann believed that the
cause of disease is the
disturbance of this vital or life
force.
Disturbances in the vital force
manifest themselves as specific
symptoms.
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60. Causes of disease
The Law of Susceptibility deals with the
invasion of the body by diseases.
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61. Law of Susceptibility
• The Law implies
that a negative state
of mind attracts
disease entities
called miasms to
enter and/or invade
the body.
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63. Treatment
Two patients may receive different treatment for
same symptoms
Single medicines
Only 2 or more dose
Or daily regular dose for 2-6 weeks
Progress is reviewed
If patient is fine stop treatment
If recurrence of disease repeat same
treatment or high potency
If symptom picture changes change
prescription but diagnosis remains same
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64. Serial dilution , succession and triturations
Potentiation of druglatent curative power of
drug are activated
Scales used- Dicimal, Centisimal, millesimal
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67. Herbs as raw
Definition of herb: It consists of entire plant or
any part of the plant. Or It can be defined as,
any plant which has leaves, stem, flowers, roots
and seeds; used for 99iiiiidifferent purposes like
flavoring, food, medicine or perfume. Or
Botanically, herb is any seed-bearing plant
which does not have a woody stem and dies
down to the ground after flowering or
completion of life cycle. Eg., Botanically, Tulsi
(Ocimum Sanctum) can be considered as herb
while Neem (Azadirachta Indica) is tree not
herb.
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Snehan- vaat, swedan– removal of swed mala for lightness, vaman- for removal pf kapha dosha, virechachan– for pitta, basti for cleaning urinogeniatl tract
Humour- moist vapor, moisture
Dr described vital force as dynamic power which preserves life force and its normal state indicates good health