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These are the presentations from the Conference parallel session "Local Strategies for Sustainable Rural Energy Communities: Transforming
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For more information visit https://www.oecd.org/rural/rural-development-conference/.
Professor Alan McKinnon, Kühne Logistics University is Guest Speaker for a CILT Green Series Webinar examining green technology and sustainability issues in relation to the logistics and transport sector
2 - Local Sustainable Energy-Heino Von Meryer.pdfOECDregions
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Rural Places".
These are the presentations from the Conference parallel session "Local Strategies for Sustainable Rural Energy Communities: Transforming
Emission-Intensive Activities into Environmentally Friendly and Net-Zero Alternatives".
For more information visit https://www.oecd.org/rural/rural-development-conference/.
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Brochure about RECREATE European project which aims to develop a set of innovative technologies aimed at exploiting the potential of end-of-life complex composite waste (mainly carbon fiber reinforced composites, and glass fiber reinforced composites) as a feedstock for profitable reuse of parts and materials in the manufacturing industry.
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One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...
Alternative Fuels for the Transport Sector - Introduction
1. Alternative Fuels for the transport sectors: advanced
biofuels & synthetic fuels
30 June 2023
2. Biofuels and advanced biofuels
1° generation: from food-based feedstock, predominantly
using crop plants to make biodiesel and bioethanol, such as
corn, sugarcane, wheat, and oilseeds (canola, soybean, palm)
2° generation: from non-edible ligno-cellulosic materials as
agricultural byproducts like sugarcane bagasse and cellulosic
crop waste as well as non-crop plants
3° generation: from marine macroalgae, seaweed, algal
biomass, and cyanobacteria
Alternative Fuels for the transport sectors:
advanced biofuels & synthetic fuels
Synthetic Fuels:
Also named e-fuels or “Renewable liquid and gaseous
transport fuels of non-biological origin” (RFNBO)
Synthetic fuels are produced via green and renewable
energy and chemical processes (e.g. electrolysis +
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis).
Source: Fritsch, M., Puls, T., & Schaefer, T. (2021). IW-Expertise Synthetic fuels : potential for Europe. Instiut Der Deutschen Wirtschaft, March.
3. Hydrogen
Hydrogen is an energy carrier with multiple benefits and purposes that can be entirely produced
from carbon free and renewable energy sources
hydrogen is not an energy source but an energy vector
hydrogen acts as a fuel
the combustion of hydrogen does not produce CO2 but only water
it can act as an energy storage for renewable energy sources
Alternative Fuels for the transport
sectors: hydrogen
4. The European Strategy towards climate-
neutrality and hydrogen energy
Biofuels and electrification: Short-term EU strategy to
decarbonize the transport sector
Synthetic fuels: Short-medium term EU strategy
Hydrogen: long-term EU strategy towards climate neutrality
Phase 1 (2020-24):
support and fund green hydrogen production
and deploy the grid infrastructure
Phase 2 (2024-30):
strategic objective to install at least 40 GW of
renewable hydrogen electrolysers by 2030.
expansion into new sectors, including steel-
making, trucks, rail and maritime transport
Phase 3 (2030 -2050):
renewable hydrogen technologies should
reach maturity and be deployed at large
scale to reach all hard-to-decarbonize
sectors where other alternatives might not
be feasible or have higher costs.
Source: IRENA. (2022). Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet
the 1.5°C Climate Goal: Part I - Trade Outlook for
2050 and Way Forward. In Global Hydrogen Trade to
Meet the 1.5°C Climate Goal: Trade Outlook for 2050
and Way Forward.
5. European Climate Law
Source: European Parliament. (2021). BRIEFING Towards climate neutrality: Fit for 55 package. December. https://www.europarl.europa.eu
6. Aviation, Maritime and Road
transportation
Year
Minimum Share of… (over the total of aviation fuel)
SAF (of which) synthetic fuel
2025 2% -
2030 5% 0.7%
2035 20% 5%
2040 32% 8%
2045 38% 11%
2050 63% 28%
ReFuelEU Aviation
Year CO2 emissions Reduction [X gCO2eq/MJ]
2025 -2%
2030 -6%
2035 -13%
2040 -26%
2045 -59%
2050 -75%
FuelEU Maritime
Period Cars (M1) Vans (N1)
CO2 emission
target
ZLEV share CO2 emission
target
ZLEV share
2021-2024 95 gCO2 / km - 147 gCO2 / km -
2025-2029 -15% 15% -15% 15%
2030-2034 -37.5% (-55%)* 35% -31% (-50%)* 30%
2035+ -100% 100% -100% 100%
Road Transportation
Period Member State
2021 -
2025
2026 -
2030
Trucks (N2, N3)
Italy, Germany, Netherlands, 10% 15%
Spain 10% 14%
Romania 6% 7%
Buses (M3)
Italy, Germany, Netherlands, 45% 65%
Spain 45% 65%
Romania 24% 33%
Light-duty vehicles
Italy, Germany, Netherlands, 38,5% 38,5%
Spain 36,3% 36,3%
Romania 18,7% 18,7%
Table 11: Minimum procurement targets for the share of clean light and heavy-duty vehicles in the total number
of light and heavy-duty vehicles (according to Table 3 and 4 of the ANNEX of Directive (EU) 2019/1161)
7. Alternative Fuel Infrastructure
Regulation (AFIR)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 13: TEN-T core network representation. (a) Inland waterways and ports, (b) Railways (freight), ports and rail
road terminals (RRT), (c) Roads, ports, rail road terminals (RRT) and airports and (d) Railways (passengers) and
airports
Object and Article Reference Max Distance / Criteria Year
Electric light-duty vehicles
(Art. 3)
Member State registered EV 1 kW per EV every year
Member State registered
PHEV
0.66 kW per PHEV
TEN-T Core Network 60 km 31 Dec 2025
TEN-T Core Network 60 km 31 Dec 2030
Electric heavy-duty vehicles
(Art. 4)
Urban Nodes 1 per urban node 31 Dec 2025
Urban Nodes 1 per urban node 31 Dec 2030
Safe and secure parking 1 per safe parking 31 Dec 2030
TEN-T Core Network 60 km 31 Dec 2025
TEN-T Core Network 60 km 31 Dec 2030
TEN-T Comprehensive
Network
100 km 31 Dec 2030
TEN-T Comprehensive
Network
100 km 31 Dec 2035
Hydrogen refuelling stations
for road vehicles (Art. 6)
Urban nodes 1 per urban node 31 Dec 2030
TEN-T Core and
Comprehensive Network
450 km 31 Dec 2030
shore-side electricity supply
in maritime ports Member
(Art. 9) and inland waterway
ports (Art. 10)
TEN-T core and TEN-T
comprehensive maritime
ports
90 % demand satisfied
per port
1 Jan 2030
TEN-T Core Network 1 shore-side electricity
supply per inland port
1 Jan 2025
TEN-T Core Network 1 Jan 2030
supply of electricity to
stationary aircraft Member
(Art. 12)
TEN-T Core and
Comprehensive Network
at all gates 1 Jan 2025
at all outfield posts 1 Jan 2030
8. Financial aspects: alternative fuels costs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Bioethanol
(Straw)
Bioethanol
(Tree
Prunings)
Blended
Biomethane
(MSW)
Biomethane
(MSW)
Blended
Biomethane(Tree
Prunings)
Hydrotreated
Vegetable
Oils
(HVO)
Methane
Fischer-Tropsch
Liquids
Methanol
to
Petrol
Petrol
(at
50
€/bbl)
Petrol
(at
100
€/bbl)
Petrol
(at
150
€/bbl)
Diesel
(at
50
€/bbl)
Diesel
(at
100
€/bbl)
Diesel
(at
150
€/bbl)
Fossil
H2
(SMR)
Hydrogen
(Electrolysis)
Natural
Gas
Fossil
Hydrogen
(SMR)
Ethanol
(50
€/tonne)
(Steel
Mill)
Ethanol
(75
€/tonne)
(Steel
Mill)
Ethanol/Methanol
(at
0
€
feedstock)
Biofuel efuel Fossil Fuel Hydrogen Recycled Carbon Fuel
COST
[€/TOE]
2020 (€/toe) 2030 (€/toe) 2040 (€/toe) 2050 (€/toe)
Source: Paris, B., Papadakis, G., Janssen, R., & Rutz, D. (2021). Economic analysis of advanced biofuels, renewable gases, electrofuels and recycled carbon fuels for the Greek transport
sector until 2050. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144(February), 111038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111038
9. Non-financial aspects: storage capacity, valley
of death, and maximum range for vehicles
Source: 1) IEA. (2015). Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. 2) European Commission.
(2017b). Energy storage – the role of electricity. Commission Staff Working Document, 25. 3)
Ball, M., & Weeda, M. (2016). The hydrogen economy—Vision or reality? In Compendium of
Hydrogen Energy. Elsevier Ltd.
10. Non-financial aspects: environmental
impact
Source: Ocko, I. B., & Hamburg, S. P
. (2022a). Climate consequences of hydrogen emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(14), 9349–9368.
Reaction Where Direct Effect Indirect effect
H2 + 2OH ->
2H2O
Troposphere
Increased lifetime and concentration of
methane (CH4)
CH4 warms the climate for a longer period
chain reaction Troposphere Increased Ozone (O3) concentration
higher concentration of Ozone increases global
warming
H2 + 2OH ->
2H2O
Stratosphere Increased water vapor
Cooling of stratosphere, increased infrared capability
and global warming effect
11. Non-financial aspects: substitution rate
and average age of vehicles in Europe
Source: ACEA. (2023a). Fuel types of new cars: battery electric 12.1%, hybrid 22.6% and petrol 36.4% market share full-year 2022. https://www.acea.auto/fuel-pc/fuel-types-of-new-cars-
battery-electric-12-1-hybrid-22-6-and-petrol-36-4-market-share-full-year-2022/
(a) Cars (b) Vans
12. Identification of barriers
Existing financial and non financial barriers to the development of hydrogen in Europe
and in Italy are of different nature including, among other aspects,
the high cost of plants (both CAPEX and OPEX) and the low efficiency of plants
the low existing supply and demand able to stimulate a rapid development
together with the nearly non-existent required infrastructure, ending in a non-
functioning national/European market (beyond the industrial sector)
the lack of a clear legal framework regarding safety and risk assessment as
well as related to the different nature of hydrogen (e.g. blue and green),
other aspects, such as the scarce information in final users regarding the most
advanced biofuels, from synthetic fuels to the hydrogen itself and the scarce
understanding of the impact of hydrogen emissions at the global scale.
13. Towards sector-coupling
Source: Chehade, Z., Mansilla, C., Lucchese, P
., Hilliard, S., & Proost, J. (2019). Review and analysis of demonstration projects on power-to-X pathways in the world. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy, 44(51), 27637–27655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.260
Name Acronym Description
Power-to-
Hydrogen
PtH
Hydrogen production from low-carbon or renewable
energy
Hydrogen-to-
Power
HtP Electricity production from hydrogen through fuel cells
Hydrogen-to-Gas
HtG-H2 Hydrogen injection into natural gas (or ad hoc) grid
HtG-M
Synthetic methane injection into natural gas grid
produced from PtH processes (methanation)
Hydrogen-to-Fuel
HtF-H2 Consumption of hydrogen into FCEV
HtF-S
Liquid synfuel applications: liquid biofuels, synthetic
liquid fuels, methanol
HtF-G Biogas and synthetic methane for mobility
Hydrogen-to-
Industry
HtI Hydrogen from PtH for industrial use (e.g. refining)
Hydrogen-to-Heat HtQ H2-fuelled boilers or CHP
Hydrogen-to-
Chemicals
HtC
H2 to methanol, syngas, ammonia and other energy
vectors
Pathway/life cycle phase
Energy Source
(electricity)
Production
(electrolysis)
Methanation Compression
Transport &
Distribution
Fuel Cell / Gas
Turbine
Power-to-Power 100% 73% - 67% - 29%
Power-to-Gas (blending) 100% 73% - 70% 68% 26%
Power-to-Gas (Methanation) 100% 73% 58% 55% 54% 21%
Power-to-Fuel 100% 73% - 67% 54% 24%