1. Sustainable Landscape Design PlantWise, WaterWise, FireWise John Peter Thompson Alaska, January 2010

2. John Peter Thompson Immediate past Vice Chair National Invasive Species Council Advisory Committee Member, Maryland Invasive Species Council Past President and founding director, Mid Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Past President, Maryland Nursery & Landscape Association Technical Advisor, Sustainable Site Initiative Vegetative Subcommittee (LEEDS standards) Member, Chesapeake Conservation Landscape Council Invasive Species Consultant, ANLA

3. Principles of Traditional Horticulture Organize Control (De)limit Create

4. Versailles; It’s Good to be The King Traditional Landscapes provide an informing function. There is a common grammar which allows a common understanding. The syntax includes form, color and texture and is based upon infinite resources to be exploited

5. Traditional Landscape Model Food, Medicine, Genetic resources, Raw materials

6. Underlying Historic Ecosystem Services Aesthetic information, Cultural and artistic , Spiritual and historic , Science and education , Recreation

7. Ecosystem interactionsin the traditional landscape model

8. Resources taken for granted or assumed The slowly varying aspects of the atmosphere–hydrosphere–landsurface system. It is typically characterized in terms of suitable averages of the climate system over periods of a month or more, taking into consideration the variability in time of these averaged quantities From: Glossary of Meteorology

9. Charts to ponder Temperature change CO2 change

10. Warning Investment in Agricultural, including Horticultural, Research.

11. As temperature and carbon dioxide change, what are the implications for agriculture & horticulture? Temperature Temperature + CO2 Water Agro & horto-ecosystems.

12. Weed Control Agroecosystems: Ambient CO2 Future CO2 Increasing CO2 reduces herbicide efficacy. e.g. Ziska et al. Weed Science 52:584-588, 2004

13. Agroecosystems: Greater selection for invasive species Does rising carbon dioxide favor invasive weeds within the plant community? Species Community Favored? Reference Yellow star thistle California grassland Yes? Dukes, 2002 Honey mesquite Texas prairie Yes. Polley et al. 1994 Japanese honeysuckle Forest under-story Yes. Belote et al. 2003 Cherry laurel Forest under-story Yes. Hattenschwiler & Korner 2003 Red Brome Desert Yes. Smith et al. 2000

14. A New Landscape Matrix

15. Regulating services CO2 • carbon sequestration and climate regulation • waste decomposition and detoxification • nutrient dispersal and cycling Foods, Forests, Flowers, Fuels, Fibers Nutrients, H2O Any change in light, water, nutrients or carbon dioxide will alter plant growth.

16. Regulating services • purification of water and air • crop pollination and seed dispersal • pest and disease control Photograph © Jay Cossey http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/biocontrol_aphidsf2.jpg

17. Preserving services • genetic and species diversity for future use • accounting for uncertainty • protection of options

18. Provisioning services • foods (including seafood and game) and spices • precursors to pharmaceutical and industrial products • energy (hydropower, biomass fuels)

19. Informing services • cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration • recreational experiences (including ecotourism) • scientific discovery

20. SoilWise Preserve and protect healthy soils Improve health of degraded soils Reduce waste during maintenance

21. WaterWise Balance your water budget Incorporate water infiltration into the site design Reuse water Clean and slow the flow of water to protect and enhance down stream water bodies.

22. ResourceWise Manage resources and materials efficiently. Select materials for durability. Use local materials. the urban heat island effect.

23. PlantWise Protect and conserve existing vegetation. Eliminate the use of invasive plants. Specify plants from local growers Minimize the amount of time that plants are stored on-site before planting.

24. PeopleWise Provide spaces for physical activities. Support on-site food production. Provide spaces for social interaction.

25. FireWise Local area fire history. Site location and overall terrain. Prevailing winds and seasonal weather. Property contours and boundaries. Native vegetation. Plant characteristics and placement (duffage, water and salt retention ability, aromatic oils, fuel load per area, and size). Irrigation requirements.

26. A New Landscape Matrix Regulating services • carbon sequestration and climate regulation • waste decomposition and detoxification • nutrient dispersal and cycling • purification of water and air • crop pollination and seed dispersal • pest and disease control Preserving services • genetic and species diversity for future use • accounting for uncertainty • protection of options Provisioning services • foods (including seafood and game) and spices • precursors to pharmaceutical and industrial products • energy (hydropower, biomass fuels) Cultural services • cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration • recreational experiences (including ecotourism) • scientific discovery

27. THANK YOU