Conscience is derived from the Latin word "conscientia" and refers to one's self-judgment and moral guidance to determine right from wrong. It has two aspects - antecedent conscience prevents wrong actions while consequent conscience results in spiritual joy or regret depending on the morality of one's actions. There are different types of conscience - a true conscience renders judgments aligned with moral law, whereas a false conscience's principles are wrong. Conscience can also be certain or uncertain, with the latter risking an incorrect judgment. The document emphasizes that the means do not justify the end.