This presentation discusses fall protection systems and why they are needed in the construction industry. It provides statistics showing that falls are a leading cause of fatalities. It then defines fall protection and describes different philosophies for preventing or arresting falls, including guardrails, safety nets, warning lines, and fall arrest systems. The presentation outlines planning considerations and controlling fall exposures. It details various fall protection systems and components, such as harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, positioning devices, and safety nets. Planning for rescue is also addressed.
Safety harness - fall protection - Wessam AtifWessam Atif
A brief presentation on how and when to use fall arrest system, how to don full body harness, when to use shock absorber and what to do if someone falls while wearing harness and lanyard to rescue them. Dr. Wessam Atif.
"Falls from height and slips, trips or falls on the same level are associated with more fatal and major/specified injuries to workers than any other injury kind." This statement can be reversed if we train and empower the workers at workplace.
Safety harness - fall protection - Wessam AtifWessam Atif
A brief presentation on how and when to use fall arrest system, how to don full body harness, when to use shock absorber and what to do if someone falls while wearing harness and lanyard to rescue them. Dr. Wessam Atif.
"Falls from height and slips, trips or falls on the same level are associated with more fatal and major/specified injuries to workers than any other injury kind." This statement can be reversed if we train and empower the workers at workplace.
Confined Space Presentation University of Technology,MauritiusTarun Kumar Cheddy
Presentation for Industrial Toxicology Module
Confined Space Presentation University of Technology,Mauritius
Message me if u want me to send u the power point
Fall hazard means a circumstance that exposes a worker in a workplace to a risk of a fall that is reasonably likely to cause injury to the worker or other person.
Assessing risks from working at height.
Common Fall Hazards at construction site.
Common Scaffold Hazards.
PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION.
Travel-Restraint Systems.
Fall-Arrest Systems.
Lifelines.
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man made structures.
Confined Space Presentation University of Technology,MauritiusTarun Kumar Cheddy
Presentation for Industrial Toxicology Module
Confined Space Presentation University of Technology,Mauritius
Message me if u want me to send u the power point
Fall hazard means a circumstance that exposes a worker in a workplace to a risk of a fall that is reasonably likely to cause injury to the worker or other person.
Assessing risks from working at height.
Common Fall Hazards at construction site.
Common Scaffold Hazards.
PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION.
Travel-Restraint Systems.
Fall-Arrest Systems.
Lifelines.
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man made structures.
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Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
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Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
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www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
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4. .33sec./2 feet
.67 sec./7 feet
1 sec./16 feet
2 sec./64 feet
Anatomy
of a Fall
• It takes most people
about 1/3 of a second to
become aware.
• It takes another 1/3 of
a second for the body to
react.
• A body can fall up to 7
feet in 2/3 of a second.
6. Falls
• Falls are one of the leading cause of
fatalities in the construction industry.
• In 2005 there where approximately 469
fatal falls, with the trend on the increase.
• The cost of care for injuries related to falls
is a financial burden for the entire industry.
7. What Is Fall Protection?
• A series of reasonable steps taken to
eliminate or control the injury
effects of an unintentional fall while
working at a height.
8. Philosophies of Fall Protection
Stop/Prevent The Fall
Catch The Fall
Restraint/Positioning
Fall Arrest
Guardrails
Safety Nets
Warning Lines
Controlled Access Zones
Controlled Decking Zones
Safety Monitors
Catch Platforms
9. Planning for Fall Protection
• Best practice dictates that fall protection
becomes an integral part of the project planning
process, from constructability, to systems
installation, to use and maintenance
• A project cannot be truly safe unless fall
protection is incorporated into every phase of the
construction process
• Planning will keep workers safe and minimize
liability for all parties involved
10. Controlling Fall Exposures
• Select fall protection systems appropriate for given
situations.
• Use proper construction and installation of safety
systems.
• Supervise employees properly.
• Use safe work procedures.
• Train workers in the proper selection, use, and
maintenance of fall protection systems.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of all steps
12. Methods of Roof Fall Protection
Safety
Monitors
Guardrails and
warning lines
Fall
Arrest
13. Flat/Low Slope
• 4:12 Slope or Less
• Beyond the Use of Guardrails, OSHA
Allows the Use of
– Warning Lines
– Safety Monitors
• Recommended:
– Guardrails or PFAS where feasible
– Limited use of lines and monitors on flat roofs
only
14. Roof Warning Lines
• Must be 6 feet
back from
edges
• Warning lines
must be
maintained at
34 - 39” above
the working
surface
15. Safety Monitor
• Oversees work
outside the warning
lines.
• Establishes the
procedure to protect.
• Workers must receive
special training.
• Use should be
extremely limited
16. High Slope
• Over 4:12 Slope
• OSHA Mandates
– Guardrails
– Catch Platforms
– Nets
– Restraint Devices
– Personal Fall
Arrest Systems
(PFAS)
18. Personal Fall Arrest Systems
• Anchorage
• Body Harness
• Connector
Harnesses
Caribiners
Rope
Grabs
Beam
Wraps
Lanyards
Positioning
19. Anchorages
• Must support 5000 lbs. per employee
attached,
– Or as part of a complete personal fall arrest
system which maintains a safety factor of at least
two
– Or 3000 lbs. when using fall restraint or a SelfRetracting Lifeline (SRL, Retractable, or “yo-yo”)
which limits free fall distance to 2 feet
• Should always be at or above D-ring height
21. Use of Eye Bolts
• Rated for loading
parallel to the bolt
axis.
• If wall mounted, the
rating perpendicular
to the axis must be
good for 5,000 lbs.
per employee
Rated
Needed
22. Girder Grip Anchorage
Rings
• These attachments can be mounted through
bolt holes on steel members.
• They are rated at 5,000 lbs. in all directions
23. Beam Clamps
Beam clamps can make an effective anchorage when used properly, and
with the correct lanyard
TIGHT
BEAM
CLAMP
PIN SET
Be sure pin is inserted full length and
clamp is tight.
25. Horizontal Life Lines
• Provide maneuverability.
• Must be designed,
installed and used under
the guidance of a
qualified person
26. Line Stanchions
5,000lb.
• The connection
3 ft.
of the line
stanchion to the
flange must
support the
bending moment
applied to the
base.
Bending
Moment
15,000 ft-lb
27. Body (Harnesses)
• Need to be inspected frequently (daily
before use by the worker, at least monthly
by a Competent Person)
• Should never be modified
• Should be taken out of service
immediately if defective or exposed to an
impact
28. Harness Fitting
Chest strap tightened
at mid chest
“D” ring between
shoulder blades
Proper snugness
shoulder to hips
Leg straps snug but
not binding
Butt strap
supports the load
• Harness must be sized for the worker
29. Proper Adjustment Is Key
“Rules of Thumb”
• Be able to reach your Dring with your thumb
• Maximum Four (flat)
Fingers of Slack at the legs,
straps as high as
comfortably possible
• Ensure chest strap is
across the
chest/breastbone
• Have a buddy double
check for twists, etc…
30. Harness Pressure Points
Spread load
across butt strap
and belt strap if
on the harness
Excess pressure here can
cut blood flow to the legs
Some studies have indicated permanent damage to the lower extremities when
the worker hangs for more than twenty (20) minutes
31. Connectors (Lanyards)
• Should be inspected before each use
• Should not be tied back to themselves
(unless specifically designed for such use)
• Should be worn with the impact
absorber/shock pack at the d-ring
• Should have the appropriate clip for the
intended anchorage points
– Do not use large climbing/rebar/ladder hooks
with “beamers”
32. Free Fall Distance
• How far a worker falls before shock absorbing
or deceleration equipment begins to take effect
– Affects both impact forces and total fall distance
• Anchorage point location in relation to D-ring
height
– Below the D-ring allows excessive falls
– Above the D-ring minimizes free fall to less than 6’
33. Impacting Structures Below
(Total Fall Distance)
• Consider:
– anchorage point location in relation to D-ring
height
– lanyard length,
– harness elongation,
– shock absorber opening length,
– body below D-ring
– body viscosity (soft tissue injuries!)
34. Impacting Structures Below
(Total Fall Distance)
6’ Lanyard Length
3.5’ Deceleration Device
5’ From D-Ring to
Worker’s Feet
3’ Safety Factor (stretch,
bounce, etc.)
Total 18.5’
below
anchorage
point
All distances are approximate, and shown for illustration only. This is why it is critical to maintain the safety factor distance!
35. Retractable
Lifelines
• Very effective for vertical
applications.
• Will normally lock up in 1 –2
feet, minimizing total fall
distance and impact forces
on the worker’s body
36. Do Not Hook Lanyards
to Retractables!
• This worker is hooked
to a retractable lifeline
with his lanyard.
• This can cause hook
failures and affect the
locking capability of the
retractable.
• The retractable should
be attached directly to
the “D” ring.
37. Positioning Systems
• Positioning Devices
Provide Hands-free
Work
– Additional Fall
Protection (tie-off) may
be required to move or
access
38. Fall Restraint
Restraint Line
Edge
• Fall restraint assumes the employee cannot reach the
edge.
• He is basically on a short leash.
• If the employee could reach to the edge and fall over the
edge, he must be in fall arrest.
39. Use of Restraint Cables
Example of restraint cables used during deck
anchoring.
RESTRAINT CABLE
Do these stop/prevent the fall?
CAZ – No, it merely attempts to limit employee access. Human error, misjudgment, and inattentiveness can be a problem
CDZ – Similar to CAZ, a CDZ is an area defined in Subpart R where positive fall protection is not required, and a “plan” can be used to protect employees. Human error, misjudgment, and inattentiveness can be a problem
Safety Monitors – Do not necessarily prevent falls, their function is to warn employees of potential hazards as they occur. Human error, misjudgment, and inattentiveness can be a problem
While a plan is not required for all projects, and is not required to be written in any case, having a written, jobsite and hazard-specific plan is recommend. Remember that training (employee orientation to the specifics) is a critical component of a good plan
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OSHA recognizes that accidents involving falls are generally complex events frequently involving a variety of factors. Only a systematic approach to fall exposures will help to minimize the potential for these accidents
When performing roofing activities, not necessarily working on roofs…
Roof means the exterior surface on the top of a building. This does not include floors or formwork which, because a building has not been completed, temporarily become the top surface of a building.
Roofing work means the hoisting, storage, application, and removal of roofing materials and equipment, including related insulation, sheet metal, and vapor barrier work, but not including the construction of the roof deck.
When performing roofing activities, not necessarily working on roofs
Low-slope roof means a roof having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).
See interpretations for guidance
Steep roof means a roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).
Ensure that employees cannot slide through guardrail
See STD 03-00-001 - STD 3-0.1A - Plain Language Revision of OSHA Instruction STD 3.1, Interim Fall Protection Compliance Guidelines for Residential Construction for complete details
NOTE---HORIZONTAL LIFELINES---ONLY OPTION IS TWICE MAXIMUM ARRESTING FORCE – which will require some calculation, unless using a manufactured system in accordance with the manufacturers’ requirements
<number>
Another possible anchorage connector that can be inserted in bolt holes.
What happens when the employee reaches the next joist? He/she needs a second beamer to make the traverse over the joist end, otherwise will not be tied off 100% of the time. Also, some prefabricated building rafters/joists may not be suitable for the application of a beamer, as the flange is too thin to support the potential impact.
Many beams are coped back (top flange removed) to a point where the beamer is narrow enough to slip off of the end. This has happened, and employees below have been hit by the falling beamer! (Not to mention the fact that the employee above may lose his/her balance)
Shall be designed, installed, and used, under the supervision of a qualified person, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system, which maintains a safety factor of at least two.
<number>
This shows the potential moment force on the connection of a 3 foot high stanchion.
Note: Body belts are excluded as of 1/1/98
Note: If the personal fall arrest system meets the criteria and protocols contained in Appendix C to subpart M, and if the system is being used by an employee having a combined person and tool weight of less than 310 pounds (140 kg), the system will be considered to be in compliance with the provisions of paragraph (d)(16) of this section. If the system is used by an employee having a combined tool and body weight of 310 pounds (140 kg) or more, then the employer must appropriately modify the criteria and protocols of the Appendix to provide proper protection for such heavier weights, or the system will not be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (d)(16) of this section.
1926.502(d)(17)
The attachment point of the body belt shall be located in the center of the wearer's back. The attachment point of the body harness shall be located in the center of the wearer's back near shoulder level, or above the wearer's head.
1926.502(d)(18)
Body belts, harnesses, and components shall be used only for employee protection (as part of a personal fall arrest system or positioning device system) and not to hoist materials.
1926.502(d)(19)
Personal fall arrest systems and components subjected to impact loading shall be immediately removed from service and shall not be used again for employee protection until inspected and determined by a competent person to be undamaged and suitable for reuse.
1926.502(d)(20)
The employer shall provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or shall assure that employees are able to rescue themselves.
..1926.502(d)(21)
1926.502(d)(21)
Personal fall arrest systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage and other deterioration, and defective components shall be removed from service.
See interpretations for additional guidance.
See interpretations for additional guidance.
See interpretations for additional guidance.
For use on vertical surfaces only
42” plus or minus 3”, must support 200# in an outward or downward direction. Must be surfaced to prevent injury. All posts cut flush.
Although allowed (and in some instances required by site conditions, such as to prevent a fall to the inside of a scaffold from an outrigger), the use of cross bracing as either guardrail is not a recommended practice.
Although allowed (and in some instances required by site conditions, such as to prevent a fall to the inside of a scaffold from an outrigger), the use of cross bracing as either guardrail is not a recommended practice.
Although allowed (and in some instances required by site conditions, such as to prevent a fall to the inside of a scaffold from an outrigger), the use of cross bracing as either guardrail is not a recommended practice.
Test after installation, or certification by competent person – do you want to become liable for that system by signing off on it?
Ensure that employees cannot contact lower levels or net support structure
Even if employees do not hit deck or steel, a thirty foot (allowable) fall into a net can still cause injuries
Inspect for debris
Ensure that employees cannot contact lower levels or net support structure
911 is not necessarily an adequate response
Follow requirements in 1926.550(g) for the use of personnel platforms