This slide talk about HIV disease. This is for nursing student or anyone deal with health sciences

1. AIDS
Mdm Rozila Ibrahim
February 2023

2. History of HIV
• It was probably passed to humans
when humans hunted these
chimpanzees for meat and came
in contact with their infected
blood. Over decades, HIV slowly
spread across Africa and later into
other parts of the world. The virus
has existed in the United States
since at least the mid to late
1970s.

3. Introduction AIDS
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
is a virus that attacks the body's
immune system. If HIV is not treated,
it can lead to AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome). There is
currently no effective cure. Once
people get HIV, they have it for life.

4. Etiology HIV
• HIV is caused by a virus. A retrovirus belonging to the family of human T-
cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) was isolated from several patients
with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex
(ARC) and asymptomatic homosexual males at increased risk of developing
AIDS. This new virus was designated HTLV-III.
• It can spread through sexual contact
• Illicit injection drug use or sharing needles
• Contact with infected blood,
• From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
• HIV destroys CD4 T cells — white blood cells that play a large role in
helping your body fight disease.

5. Pathophysiology
• CD4+ T-cells are the central mediators of immune response in humans,
crucially coordinating cellular and humoral immune responses against
infections. Very early studies on subjects with AIDS documented
lymphopenia, low lymphocyte proliferative responses after stimulation
with antigens, and an inversion in the ratio of helper T-cells to cytotoxic T-
cells.
• Further studies in this line confirmed that HIV selectively infects CD4+ T-
cells and destroys them for its own benefits. Later, it was shown that
suppressing HIV replication with antiretroviral therapy (ART) rapidly
increased peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts and reversed
immunodeficiency. Now, most researchers agree that HIV majorly infects
CD4+ T-cells and leads to progressive loss of the cells from circulation and
from the total body stores.

8. Symptoms of AIDS
• Rapid weight loss.
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats.
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness.
• Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in
the armpits, groin, or neck.
• Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week.
• Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals.
• Pneumonia.

10. Treatment
• HIV treatment reduces the amount of HIV in your body and helps you
stay healthy. There is no cure for HIV, but you can control it with HIV
treatment. Most people can get the virus under control within six
months. HIV treatment does not prevent transmission of other
sexually transmitted diseases.
• Without treatment, HIV infection advances in stages, getting worse
over time. HIV gradually destroys the immune system and eventually
causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

12. COMPLICATIONS

13. Nursing diagnosis and nurse's role
• Low self esteem due to disease process evidence of introvert.
• Risk of an infection due to low body immunity
• Changes of elimination process evidence of having diarrhea.
• Anxiety and fears related to disease process.

14. ROZILA IBRAHIM