This document discusses global action to support those affected by illness. It outlines:
1. Coordinated support from various groups including religious groups, teachers, health workers, and community leaders.
2. Holistic care of the ill that includes physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual support both in hospitals, homes and communities.
3. Education and prevention activities like informing the public, stopping infections, teaching safe behaviors, and providing treatment.
Considering the main theme of the Congress “Innovations in Social Psychiatry Across the World,” our symposium, which is organized by the WASP Section of Family Intervention Programs, will address both themes proposed by the congress: Psychosocial Interventions in Psychiatry and Mental Health Users and Care Givers and their role in improving the recovery of psychotic patients, especially with the Covid-19 pandemic tsunami:
(1) Prof. Mathew Varghese will talk about Family interventions with psychoses, in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic through a trial of an online caregiver training program.
(2) Dr. Yann Hodé’s presentation addresses whether the Family Intervention Program “Profamille” reduces suicidality due to better compliance.
(3) Dr. Fattah’s presentation will develop a new management paradigm involving a former patient as a new agent of recovery and elaborate the role of the Peer Health Mediator within an outpatient unit and what he brings with his experiential knowledge of the disease, promoting recovery in patients and empowerment in their families.
(4) Prof. Vincenzo Di Nicola addresses the impact on vulnerable youth and families of the Covid-19 “syndemic” (defined as a series of simultaneous pandemics with both biological and social psychiatric vectors), with an emphasis on youth at risk for psychosis and related mental and relational disorders.
Key Words: Family Intervention Programs, Caregivers, Recovery
WASP Webinar -
Mental Health, Well Being, and Social Psychiatry:
Challenges Imposed by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Friday, 18 September 2020
Contribution by Vincenzo Di Nicola, WASP President-Elect
"Mental Health and Well Being in the Covid-19 Era"
Objectives:
1. To offer an overview of the mental health consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, focusing on vulnerable populations
2. To highlight factors that foster well being in individuals, families, and communities
For many individuals in recovery self-help groups have evolved to give encouragement, support, and understanding to individuals who face lifelong trauma. Support groups outline a way of living that is not just related to issues of chemical use and abuse but provide a path to a more positive life worth living. A survivor’s sense of emotional and physical safety, autonomy, and the ability to make crucial decisions that impact a person’s future is fundamental to a successful recovery process
“The Experimental Child”: Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic o...Université de Montréal
World Psychiatric Association
World Congress – Bangkok, Thailand 2020
WPA-WASP Inter-organizational Symposium
“The Experimental Child”:
Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Children
and the Future of Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA, FCPA
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal
President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP)
President-Elect, World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP)
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus pandemic a natural laboratory of stress offering social psychiatrists a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020). This exceptional set of circumstances – in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies – is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced experimental childhood in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions and prospective pediatric, psychological and social studies will be outlined.
Considering the main theme of the Congress “Innovations in Social Psychiatry Across the World,” our symposium, which is organized by the WASP Section of Family Intervention Programs, will address both themes proposed by the congress: Psychosocial Interventions in Psychiatry and Mental Health Users and Care Givers and their role in improving the recovery of psychotic patients, especially with the Covid-19 pandemic tsunami:
(1) Prof. Mathew Varghese will talk about Family interventions with psychoses, in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic through a trial of an online caregiver training program.
(2) Dr. Yann Hodé’s presentation addresses whether the Family Intervention Program “Profamille” reduces suicidality due to better compliance.
(3) Dr. Fattah’s presentation will develop a new management paradigm involving a former patient as a new agent of recovery and elaborate the role of the Peer Health Mediator within an outpatient unit and what he brings with his experiential knowledge of the disease, promoting recovery in patients and empowerment in their families.
(4) Prof. Vincenzo Di Nicola addresses the impact on vulnerable youth and families of the Covid-19 “syndemic” (defined as a series of simultaneous pandemics with both biological and social psychiatric vectors), with an emphasis on youth at risk for psychosis and related mental and relational disorders.
Key Words: Family Intervention Programs, Caregivers, Recovery
WASP Webinar -
Mental Health, Well Being, and Social Psychiatry:
Challenges Imposed by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Friday, 18 September 2020
Contribution by Vincenzo Di Nicola, WASP President-Elect
"Mental Health and Well Being in the Covid-19 Era"
Objectives:
1. To offer an overview of the mental health consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, focusing on vulnerable populations
2. To highlight factors that foster well being in individuals, families, and communities
For many individuals in recovery self-help groups have evolved to give encouragement, support, and understanding to individuals who face lifelong trauma. Support groups outline a way of living that is not just related to issues of chemical use and abuse but provide a path to a more positive life worth living. A survivor’s sense of emotional and physical safety, autonomy, and the ability to make crucial decisions that impact a person’s future is fundamental to a successful recovery process
“The Experimental Child”: Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic o...Université de Montréal
World Psychiatric Association
World Congress – Bangkok, Thailand 2020
WPA-WASP Inter-organizational Symposium
“The Experimental Child”:
Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Children
and the Future of Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA, FCPA
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal
President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP)
President-Elect, World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP)
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus pandemic a natural laboratory of stress offering social psychiatrists a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020). This exceptional set of circumstances – in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies – is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced experimental childhood in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions and prospective pediatric, psychological and social studies will be outlined.
Presentation on Giger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model and its use in assessing care of clients from multicultural populations for medical professions.
Misha Fell, Independent Psychologist and Lynn Fordyce Family Therapist presentation at the Supporting Families in Difficult Times Conference held on 18-19th September 2014
Caring for a vulnerable person should be a noble calling, inspired by love and affection for the individual and sustained by the support of a caring community. The reality of life as a Carer for most people in South Africa cannot be further removed from this ideal.
Learning to live with lingering loss - Deirdre RyanArthritis Ireland
Why is the loss associated with illness especially difficult? Which losses are common with a chronic pain condition? How can we build resilience? These are some of the questions addressed by Deirdre Ryan in this presentation. A loss can be anything related to a person’s life, such as relationships, their role in life, privacy, identity, health, dignity and so on. In learning to live with lingering loss, people frequently move from holding on to and dwelling on that part of themselves which has been lost to letting go. Letting go – rethinking and replanning your life – can be an essential component of grieving.
While loss associated with chronic pain can be exhausting and involves continual adjustment and re-adjustment, building emotional resilience can help people deal with their loss. Strategies for building emotional resilience include making connections, looking for self-discovery, being realistic, taking decisions, accepting changes and nurturing a positive view of self. To help deal with lingering loss, Deirdre suggests having compassion for yourself, making small incremental changes, having a plan, avoiding boom-bust and connecting with nature or others.
Deirdre Ryan is Chairperson of Chronic pain Ireland and a pre-accredited psychotherapist.
Caring for a family member with dementia is fraught with burden and stress: A...GERATEC
The title “Caregiving for a family member with dementia is fraught with burden and stress” elicits more questions than answers. Who is this caregiver – husband or wife, son or daughter, second husband or wife, stepson or –daughter, daughter- or son-in-law, grandchild – a list with endless variations. Would the experience be different when caring for a mother to that of caring for a father, husband or wife, brother, uncle, aunt, cousin, and nephew? Can the term “caregiver” be considered a singular entity with a singular emotional experience? What is the role of - amongst others - culture, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, language, religion, age, personality, social environment and education? What role does the type of dementia of the care recipient play? Do all people deal with burden and stress in the same way, and if not, why not? What constitutes burden and stress, and how are these defined within the heterogeneous environment of caregiving?
It is often said, “If you have met one person with dementia, you have met one person with dementia”. The same might very well apply to the family caregiver. Nolan et al (2002) refer to Dilworth-Anderson and Montgomery & Williams (2001) when saying that “In essence the message is clear – caregiving can only be fully appreciated and adequately supported in its appropriate context”.
A critical assessment of the research literature that explores the disclosure...GERATEC
Being diagnosed with dementia can impact on an individual’s emotional, vocational, spiritual, physical, social, intellectual and personal dimensions of wellness (Montague, 2013). The stigmatisation that comes with the diagnosis can be as devastating as the disease itself. For this reason alone, seeking a diagnosis when suspecting that there could be something wrong with one’s cognitive functioning, is not a simple or easy decision.
Christine Bryden, in her book “Dancing with Dementia” (2005), makes the statement “It took me three years before I could speak openly about my diagnosis, overcoming the hopelessness and depression that exacerbated my dementia and took me on a downward spiral of dysfunction” (Bryden, 2005, p39).
The psychological impact of a diagnosis (Lee et al., 2014) is severe, taking some individuals up to six months to adjust and cope with the feelings of loss before they can start to create new coping strategies and mechanisms of living with dementia.
Dementia diagnosis in lesser developed countries like those on the African continent, where research is scarce and stigmatisation can put lives in danger (Kalula and Petros, 2011), is in itself problematic. Bunn et al. (2010) allude to the transferability of research findings that are mostly geographically limited, implying that the disclosure of a diagnosis might be even more complex in non-western cultures.
Not disclosing a diagnosis raises ethical concerns (Rai, 2009) that seem to be missing in much of the research.
Community-based Palliative Care: Trends, Challenges, Examples and Collaborati...wwuextendeded
Community-based Palliative Care: Trends, Challenges, Examples and Collaboration with Payers - Eric Wall, MD, MPH
Presented at the 2015 Palliative Care Summer Institute conference at Bellingham Technical College
Presentation on Giger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model and its use in assessing care of clients from multicultural populations for medical professions.
Misha Fell, Independent Psychologist and Lynn Fordyce Family Therapist presentation at the Supporting Families in Difficult Times Conference held on 18-19th September 2014
Caring for a vulnerable person should be a noble calling, inspired by love and affection for the individual and sustained by the support of a caring community. The reality of life as a Carer for most people in South Africa cannot be further removed from this ideal.
Learning to live with lingering loss - Deirdre RyanArthritis Ireland
Why is the loss associated with illness especially difficult? Which losses are common with a chronic pain condition? How can we build resilience? These are some of the questions addressed by Deirdre Ryan in this presentation. A loss can be anything related to a person’s life, such as relationships, their role in life, privacy, identity, health, dignity and so on. In learning to live with lingering loss, people frequently move from holding on to and dwelling on that part of themselves which has been lost to letting go. Letting go – rethinking and replanning your life – can be an essential component of grieving.
While loss associated with chronic pain can be exhausting and involves continual adjustment and re-adjustment, building emotional resilience can help people deal with their loss. Strategies for building emotional resilience include making connections, looking for self-discovery, being realistic, taking decisions, accepting changes and nurturing a positive view of self. To help deal with lingering loss, Deirdre suggests having compassion for yourself, making small incremental changes, having a plan, avoiding boom-bust and connecting with nature or others.
Deirdre Ryan is Chairperson of Chronic pain Ireland and a pre-accredited psychotherapist.
Caring for a family member with dementia is fraught with burden and stress: A...GERATEC
The title “Caregiving for a family member with dementia is fraught with burden and stress” elicits more questions than answers. Who is this caregiver – husband or wife, son or daughter, second husband or wife, stepson or –daughter, daughter- or son-in-law, grandchild – a list with endless variations. Would the experience be different when caring for a mother to that of caring for a father, husband or wife, brother, uncle, aunt, cousin, and nephew? Can the term “caregiver” be considered a singular entity with a singular emotional experience? What is the role of - amongst others - culture, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, language, religion, age, personality, social environment and education? What role does the type of dementia of the care recipient play? Do all people deal with burden and stress in the same way, and if not, why not? What constitutes burden and stress, and how are these defined within the heterogeneous environment of caregiving?
It is often said, “If you have met one person with dementia, you have met one person with dementia”. The same might very well apply to the family caregiver. Nolan et al (2002) refer to Dilworth-Anderson and Montgomery & Williams (2001) when saying that “In essence the message is clear – caregiving can only be fully appreciated and adequately supported in its appropriate context”.
A critical assessment of the research literature that explores the disclosure...GERATEC
Being diagnosed with dementia can impact on an individual’s emotional, vocational, spiritual, physical, social, intellectual and personal dimensions of wellness (Montague, 2013). The stigmatisation that comes with the diagnosis can be as devastating as the disease itself. For this reason alone, seeking a diagnosis when suspecting that there could be something wrong with one’s cognitive functioning, is not a simple or easy decision.
Christine Bryden, in her book “Dancing with Dementia” (2005), makes the statement “It took me three years before I could speak openly about my diagnosis, overcoming the hopelessness and depression that exacerbated my dementia and took me on a downward spiral of dysfunction” (Bryden, 2005, p39).
The psychological impact of a diagnosis (Lee et al., 2014) is severe, taking some individuals up to six months to adjust and cope with the feelings of loss before they can start to create new coping strategies and mechanisms of living with dementia.
Dementia diagnosis in lesser developed countries like those on the African continent, where research is scarce and stigmatisation can put lives in danger (Kalula and Petros, 2011), is in itself problematic. Bunn et al. (2010) allude to the transferability of research findings that are mostly geographically limited, implying that the disclosure of a diagnosis might be even more complex in non-western cultures.
Not disclosing a diagnosis raises ethical concerns (Rai, 2009) that seem to be missing in much of the research.
Community-based Palliative Care: Trends, Challenges, Examples and Collaborati...wwuextendeded
Community-based Palliative Care: Trends, Challenges, Examples and Collaboration with Payers - Eric Wall, MD, MPH
Presented at the 2015 Palliative Care Summer Institute conference at Bellingham Technical College
This presentation given by Elizabeth Mlambo at the Under the Baobab African Diaspora Networking Zone at the International AIDS Conference, AIDS 2014, discusses the value of a peer support group for African Australians living with HIV.
AIDSTAR-One Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Children Living with HIV in AfricaAIDSTAROne
An abbreviated version of the Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV in Africa report, this technical brief documents promising practices in critical services related to the psychological and social wellbeing of perinatally-infected children in Africa. These promising practices include the identification, testing, and counseling of children so that they are linked to appropriate care as early as possible, as well as on-going support to help children and their families manage disclosure, stigma, grief and bereavement processes.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/care_and_support/resources/technical_briefs/foundation_future
Chris spent a month in the North East of Brazil, working to develop a new communications campaign for an HIV/Aids NGO called Gestos, with their host agency Mart Pet. The brief from Gestos was to: ‘Create a communications plan for the launch of their 15th anniversary in 2008’, as well as to come up with ideas on how Gestos will get the funds to create and run it.
Chris found the placement challenging, daunting at times, but overall extremely rewarding. He discovered more about the world of development, learned how to approach communications for HIV/Aids, stretched himself from a professional and personal point of view and created some fantastic work for the organisation.
At the 2016 CCIH Annual Conference, Dr. Jonathan Quick of Management Sciences for Health discusses recent pandemics and explores the keys to preventing future outbreaks.
Where's the hope? Dialogues for Solidarity - Session 1ReShape
Session 1: GIPA Principles for the 21st Century with guest, Sean Strub, Sero Project, USA
Where’s the Hope?, a year-long series of dialogues for solidarity, is coordinated by ReShape, an independent London-based think tank formed to respond to the ongoing crisis in sexual health.
Working together, activists and organisers will share their experiences and explore new op- portunities to address explore chronic obstacles to successful organising in HIV, HCV and re- lated sexual and mental health concerns. Emerging advocates and organisers are especially welcome.
Dr. Grace was privileged to offer this presentation to a panel at the Unicef located at UN headquarters concerning the ministry of the Kenya Heritage Foundation.
Welcome to Careif’s 10th anniversary newsletter.
Careif is an international mental health charity that works towards protecting and promoting mental health and resilience, to eliminate inequalities and strengthen social justice. Our principles include working creatively with humili-ty and dignity, and with balanced partnerships in order to ensure all cultures and societies play their part in our mission of protecting and promoting mental health and well‐being. We do this by respecting the traditions of all world soci-eties, whilst believing traditions can evolve, for even greater benefit to individ-uals and society.
Careif believes that knowledge should not only be available to those with wealth or those who live in urban and industrialised parts of the world. It considers knowledge sharing to be a basic human right, where this knowledge can change lives and help realise true human potential. Further-more there is substantial knowledge to be found in the less developed, rural and poorer areas of the world and this is valuable to the wellbeing of people in areas which are wealthier.
The newsletter has been produced on a voluntary basis by me, Erica Camus, a freelance journalist, and public speaker with schizo-affective. If you’d like to book me for editorial work, or for a talk please contact me on cromptonerica@hotmail.com.
Women's right to mental health scwsd 14 9-06VIBHUTI PATEL
Mental health issues of women are gaining ground in the social work discourse. Universalist ETIC approach is found limiting in dealing with mental health problems. EMIC approach that emphasises cross-cultural psychiatry and evaluates mental health condition of women from within a culture is found more useful. Worsening socio-economic and political situation has enhanced the rates of common mental disorders and minor psychiatric morbidity. Trauma caused by violence against women should be tackled with the help of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. The paper also discusses mental issues of adolescent girls, substance abusers, HIV-AIDS patients and women in reproductive age group. Media can play progressive role by providing empowering role models for women. Mental health of women in shelter homes, mental hospitals and police custody\ prison needs enlightened intervention by the state, non-government organisations and civil society. Self help groups provide democratic space for rebuilding broken lives. To make women’s material reality more secure, liberating and healthy, breakthrough counselling is need of an hour. Sensitization and training of general practitioners and other health personnel with this objective is a must. Ethics of valuing and respecting others must be observed by the counsellor. The counsellor should know that healing is a part of empowerment.
Where is the Family in Global Mental Health? Di Nicola - Opening Plenary - SS...Université de Montréal
Title: Where Is the Family in Global Mental Health?
Presenter: Vincenzo Di Nicola, M.D., Ph.D.
Learning Objectives:
Audience participants will be able to:
(1) Articulate why a central role for families is needed for the effectiveness of clinical and research programs in Global Mental Health (GMH);
(2) Describe how health categories that focus solely on individuals can obscure awareness of relational, social, and cultural processes that contribute to health and illness.
Abstract:
From a family perspective, the Global Mental Health Movement appears as a regressive step to the usual Western health categories that focus on individuals as bearers of larger issues in the family, community, society and culture. These larger envelopes are addressed in the impersonal way of categories—e.g., child abuse, substance abuse, violence, and treatment gaps—rather than from the relational, social and cultural perspectives that define mental health and illness more fully, meaningfully, and realistically. These aspects of GMH may deepen the practitioners’ perception of public health and epidemiology and their international organizations as being removed from clinical concerns and from their meaningful relational contexts. Without such notions as attachment and belonging, ignoring the most significant of human relationships based on the family and community, GMH risks creating another disembodied field divorced from our lived experience as communal and relational beings.
References
Di Nicola, Vincenzo. A Stranger in the Family: Culture, Families, and Therapy. New York & London: W.W. Norton, 1997.
Di Nicola, Vincenzo. Letters to a Young Therapist: Relational Practices for the Coming Community. New York & Dresden: Atropos Press, 2011.
Di Nicola, Vincenzo. Family, psychosocial, and cultural determinants of health. In: Sorel, Eliot, ed., 21st Century Global Mental Health. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012, pp. 119-150.
Bio Sketch
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, is a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist who uses family, social and cultural perspectives to investigate children and families in disadvantaged contexts, both at home and abroad. He works with migrant children and families and the impacts of trauma. Di Nicola is the author of “A Stranger in the Family: Culture, Families, and Therapy” (1997), “Letters to a Young Therapist” (2011), and a forthcoming selection of his writing, “On the Threshold: Children, Families, and Culture Change,” edited and introduced by Armando Favazza, MD, MPH. Di Nicola is Chair of the APA Global Mental Health Caucus and Full Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Montreal.
2. GLOBAL
ACTION
Religious
Nurses
groups
Social
counsellor
s Traditional
Teachers organisations
3. GLOBAL
ACTION
FAMILY
DOCTOR
S
LEADER
S
TRADITIONA
L HEALERS POLITICIA
NS
4. GLOBAL
ACTION
Physical,
Information for psychological,
the sick :
voluntary and Social emotional and
confidential suppor spiritual care
test t
Treatment in hospital, in
the community, in the
Support of the family
family and the
community
5. GLOBAL
ACTION
1 Listen to the ill and their families
2 Help them to plan the future
3 Coordinate social assistance and
prevention
4 Respect for the human person
6. GLOBAL
ACTION
5 Guarantee of confidentiality
6 Prevention of chance infections
7 Collaboration of the community
8 Final phase treatment at home
9 Assistance of families
7. IN THE HOME GLOBAL
ACTION
Family, neighbours,
friends, social In the
workers community:
Nurses, doctors,
teachers, religious
leaders, social
leaders, volunteers,
movements…
In hospital:
Medicine, patients, social
support, social workers.
8. GLOBAL
ACTION
Training of
ACTIVITIES carers
Ways to
stop Medical
infection assistanc
Participatio e
n of the Volutary testing
9. GLOBAL
ACTION
Means:
ACTIVITIES medicine,
clothing,
Physical money….
care
Legal Support for
backing nurses
Social, spiritual, emotional support
10. GLOBAL
ACTION
Instructions to the
Effective caretakers
support
Teach the
women to
tend the ill visits
FAMILY CARE
11. GLOBAL
ACTION
Legal assistance : Financial support:
for widows for the sick, for
and widowers their children in
Medicine school
Home care
The sick persons and their families
appreciate home visits very much
12. GLOBAL
ACTION
share knowledge of
the disease
DISCUSSION know how infection
and takes place
COOPERATION Inform the sick of
available treatment
by ALL
Teach how to avoid
future re-infection
13. GLOBAL
ACTION
Information for the public
on :
THE DISEASE,
HOW IT IS SPREAD,
THE CONSEQUENCES,
14. GLOBAL
ACTION
INFORMATION to the
PUBLIC on :
Sex education,
Personal Relationship
behaviour, with the sick
15. GLOBAL
ACTION
A good opinion:
Get rid of feelings of rejection and loneliness
Help people to face their problems
Stop the spread of HIV/AIDS
Health personnel have the best opporuniy to advise, to
assist and to help in regard to H AIDS
IV/
16. GLOBAL
ACTION
Respect for personal DIISCUSSION
dignity with affected
persons
Attitude of
The sick persons
understanding themselves should make
and acceptance decisions
CIVE : information,
advice and support
17. GLOBAL
ACTION
E E NCE
XP RIE S BELIEFS
FEARS CIRCUMSTANCE
S
FAMILY AND
NEEDS SOCIAL P RSP CT S
E E IVE
SUPPORT
18. GLOBAL
ACTION
BELIEFS AND RISKY BEHAVIOUR
KNOWLEDGE OF THE
PERSON + Sexual relationships
+ Risk for
+ on AIDS the couple
+ on how it is passed on + Transfusions
+ on its + Injections
PREVENTION