AH-UNIT 2 DB
History 1120
With regard to other nations in the Western Hemisphere, was the U.S. in the right when enforcing the Monroe Doctrine? Why, or why not?
Note the way the question is worded--With regard to other nations in the hemisphere. This requires you to look at the issue from the point of view of those outside the US. Specific examples will be needed to argue either side of the question.
Tahiti and Moorea
Paradise or Possession?
Cultural Geography
Dr. Wright
Learning Objectives
Polynesia and the Polynesian Triangle
Micronesia
Melanesia
Indonesia
Nuclear testing in the Pacific
Enjoy the beauty of these islands
Polynesian Triangle
Pacific Island Regions
• Polynesia – “Many Islands”
• Micronesia – “Small Islands”
• Melanesia – “Islands of Black People”
• Indonesia – “India Islands
Bora Bora
Images of “Paradise”
“Paradise” in the Tuamotus
French nuclear testing
Tuamotu Islands 1950s
U..S. Nuclear testing
Bikini Island, Micronesia
Bikini Island nuke crater
Pacific Islands were
nuked dozens of times
Tahiti
Tahiti Cultural Geography
• French Colony/Possession
– French Navy stations here
– 120,000 people total in Tahiti and Moorea
• Polynesians arrived by boat 5,000 years ago
• Tahitians: native, Demi (mixed), or French in identity
• Sexuality is open despite Catholic church presence
– Mahus are straight me who dress as women
– Raras are gay or bi men who dress as women
• Volcanic islands: lagoons and fringing coral reefs
• Tourism economy is 40% of the total, resorts
• Mutiny on the Bounty story still attracts visitors
Breadfruit
Reason for the Bounty’s journey
Captain Bligh vs. Fletcher Christian
English women
Tahitian women
Captain Bligh cast adrift
Original Bounty route
Christian and the mutineers sail to Pitcairn
Bligh and 18 men make it to Timor
Pitcairn Island
Remote and tough
Pitcairn Island – population 50
Descendants of Fletcher Christian
• Pitcairn Island
• 2009 – 4 men convicted in English court of
serial sexual abuse of young girls
Tahiti and Moorea
Black tip sharks
When you see them, it is safe
Same for White Tip Sharks
Beware the Tiger Shark
Aggressive species
Tiger Shark, Martha’s Vineyard
1,100 pounds
Rays like to play
Stag horn coral
Mahu
Learning Objectives
Polynesia and the Polynesian Triangle
Micronesia
Melanesia
Indonesia
Nuclear testing in the Pacific
Enjoy the beauty of these islands
Scandinavia
How did the Vikings Become Peaceful?
Cultural Geography
Dr. Wright
Learning Objectives
• Seven factors that explain why the Vikings
became peaceful
– Do these factors explain other countries?
“Peace”
• How do you define this?
Global Peace Index (GPI)
Criteria (which are biased and how?)
• Number of.
This document provides an overview of contemporary globalization and its key aspects, including:
- Economic globalization and the increasing interconnectedness of economies through trade organizations like NAFTA and the WTO.
- Technological globalization driven by advances in communication technologies.
- Cultural globalization and the spread of Western culture through multinational corporations.
- Political globalization represented by institutions like the United Nations.
- Military globalization and the role of global alliances.
It also discusses theories of globalization's effects from scholars like Friedman and potential consequences such as environmental damage, labor exploitation, and the erosion of traditional cultures.
This document provides an overview of a lecture series on education, markets, and globalization. It outlines the schedule, assignment details, and topics to be covered in each of the 10 lectures. The lectures will analyze the impacts and key aspects of globalization, including the threats and opportunities it presents, the major players involved, and its effects on issues like women's rights and workers' rights. The document provides a detailed agenda and content for each lecture.
Vicky Donnelly is a facilitator with the Galway One World Centre whose work includes coordinating the Global Teachers Award, and carrying out global justice and diversity training with colleges, schools, youth and community groups around the country.
This workshop aimed to deepen our understanding of racism (and other forms of oppression) in the context of strengthening diversity in our libraries.
The document discusses various quotes about truth and propaganda from historical figures like Hitler and Obama. It also includes quotes questioning aspects of modern society like globalization, climate change, and the Federal Reserve system. The overall message seems to advocate for skepticism of mainstream views and finding deeper truths.
This document discusses several conspiracy theories related to events in history such as the assassination of a king in 1793. It also discusses central banking systems and the creation of the US Federal Reserve in the early 1900s. Finally, it covers the Bilderberg Group, an annual private conference attended by influential business and political leaders from North America and Western Europe since 1954.
The political dimensions of globalizationMandeep Raj
The document provides an overview of the political dimensions of globalization. It discusses several topics:
1) It defines globalization and outlines several phases of increasing global connection and integration throughout history.
2) It identifies several types and effects of globalization, including technological, economic, financial, cultural, political, military, environmental, health, and resource-related globalization.
3) It examines the political dimension of globalization in more depth, identifying both threats such as fragile states, terrorism, authoritarianism, and organized crime, as well as benefits such as expanded diplomacy, international law, democracy, and development.
This document promotes openness and sharing of information to address major issues facing humanity. It discusses creating an Earth Intelligence Network to connect people and information. Key points include harnessing open source intelligence and sharing across networks, cultures, and organizations to understand threats and foster positive trends like sustainable problem solving. The goal is empowering citizens with accessible, transparent information.
This document provides an overview of contemporary globalization and its key aspects, including:
- Economic globalization and the increasing interconnectedness of economies through trade organizations like NAFTA and the WTO.
- Technological globalization driven by advances in communication technologies.
- Cultural globalization and the spread of Western culture through multinational corporations.
- Political globalization represented by institutions like the United Nations.
- Military globalization and the role of global alliances.
It also discusses theories of globalization's effects from scholars like Friedman and potential consequences such as environmental damage, labor exploitation, and the erosion of traditional cultures.
This document provides an overview of a lecture series on education, markets, and globalization. It outlines the schedule, assignment details, and topics to be covered in each of the 10 lectures. The lectures will analyze the impacts and key aspects of globalization, including the threats and opportunities it presents, the major players involved, and its effects on issues like women's rights and workers' rights. The document provides a detailed agenda and content for each lecture.
Vicky Donnelly is a facilitator with the Galway One World Centre whose work includes coordinating the Global Teachers Award, and carrying out global justice and diversity training with colleges, schools, youth and community groups around the country.
This workshop aimed to deepen our understanding of racism (and other forms of oppression) in the context of strengthening diversity in our libraries.
The document discusses various quotes about truth and propaganda from historical figures like Hitler and Obama. It also includes quotes questioning aspects of modern society like globalization, climate change, and the Federal Reserve system. The overall message seems to advocate for skepticism of mainstream views and finding deeper truths.
This document discusses several conspiracy theories related to events in history such as the assassination of a king in 1793. It also discusses central banking systems and the creation of the US Federal Reserve in the early 1900s. Finally, it covers the Bilderberg Group, an annual private conference attended by influential business and political leaders from North America and Western Europe since 1954.
The political dimensions of globalizationMandeep Raj
The document provides an overview of the political dimensions of globalization. It discusses several topics:
1) It defines globalization and outlines several phases of increasing global connection and integration throughout history.
2) It identifies several types and effects of globalization, including technological, economic, financial, cultural, political, military, environmental, health, and resource-related globalization.
3) It examines the political dimension of globalization in more depth, identifying both threats such as fragile states, terrorism, authoritarianism, and organized crime, as well as benefits such as expanded diplomacy, international law, democracy, and development.
This document promotes openness and sharing of information to address major issues facing humanity. It discusses creating an Earth Intelligence Network to connect people and information. Key points include harnessing open source intelligence and sharing across networks, cultures, and organizations to understand threats and foster positive trends like sustainable problem solving. The goal is empowering citizens with accessible, transparent information.
National Defense, International Security, & Globalization in the Post-Cold Wa...Carl B. Forkner, Ph.D.
This document summarizes key topics related to national defense, international security, and globalization. It discusses definitions of national security and strategies for national defense. It also examines global influences like Israel/Palestine, major powers, and regional issues. Military history from 1990 to 2003 is reviewed. Economic forces of globalization and their impacts are considered. Finally, traditional and non-traditional security challenges are presented, with the question of where future wars may occur.
This document discusses challenges facing news media in providing comprehensive global coverage in the digital age. It notes that while the internet has potential for more international perspectives and collaboration, most US news websites remain US-centric and focused on domestic issues. Foreign audiences are attracted to US sites but their interests are not fully reflected. Reasons discussed include commercial pressures to target national audiences, a lack of resources for extensive foreign reporting, and a tendency to frame foreign stories through a domestic lens. The document questions if this insular approach can be sustained as global connections intensify.
The document discusses three powerful women leaders of the 20th century: Golda Meir, Margaret Thatcher, and Indira Gandhi. Some common traits among them were that they were all first female leaders of their respective countries - Meir as Prime Minister of Israel, Thatcher as Prime Minister of Great Britain, and Gandhi as Prime Minister of India. They were also described as strong-willed leaders who took decisive actions. However, they differed in their approaches to foreign policy, with Gandhi aligning more closely with the Soviet Union while Thatcher strongly opposed the USSR and supported the United States instead.
Professor David Hulme, Executive Director of the Global Development Institute spoke at the Japan International Cooperation Agency in July 2016.
The presentation links to his new book 'Should Rich Nations Help The Poor'
This document discusses the concept of public diplomacy. It defines public diplomacy as a government's efforts to influence foreign audiences and engage in cultural and information exchange. The document outlines some key aspects of public diplomacy, including its role in international relations alongside diplomatic, economic, and military tools. It also discusses the difference between "hard power" which uses threats or coercion, and "soft power" which uses attraction and persuasion to achieve goals. The effectiveness of public diplomacy depends on appealing to foreign audiences through credible information and ideas.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a 3-day training on information sharing and analytics for UN personnel from different agencies in Lebanon. The training aims to improve information sharing across UN organizations and identify open source resources. The agenda covers introducing participants and resources, discussing current events, sources and methods for analysis, and conducting a security risk assessment exercise. The overall goal is to enhance the UN's access to and use of multinational information for decision support.
The document discusses the concept of information peacekeeping through collective intelligence. It outlines seven "information tribes" that currently operate independently but could collaborate, including the military, law enforcement, business, academia, NGOs/media, citizens/labor/religion, and national governments. The document proposes creating a global open source information network and data capture service that would connect these tribes by sharing unclassified information. This would allow for more comprehensive analysis and connecting of information across domains to support peacekeeping and humanitarian efforts.
This is Tim Love's second lecture at Oxford University. The first, titled "Advertising & Universal Compatibility, Think Like the Sun," was given March, 2007.
Access the transcript at: http://www.timlovesworld.com/files/oxfordlecture2.pdf
This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Rosalind Warner about Canada's role in a changing world. It discusses the liberal international order established after WWII and signs it is unraveling. Three possible futures are examined: a neoliberal renewal, a clash of civilizations, or multiple cascading crises. Canada's strengths like its location and moral leadership are noted, but also weaknesses in being heard on the global stage. Opportunities in technology and threats to Canada are considered.
Bin Laden, Intelligence, And National Securityzmiers
This document provides an overview of intelligence failures and recommendations for reform. It argues that the US spends too much on secret intelligence and military programs, and not enough on open source intelligence, humanitarian aid, and understanding other cultures. It recommends a more balanced approach across diplomatic, economic and social issues to better address the root causes of conflicts and threats.
New lecture created for Texas A&M member Tarleton, a really great class focusing on internaitonal reality and what we can know about it and do about it.
This document summarizes the results of a survey conducted in Ringmer, UK on issues of national identity and patriotism. Key findings included:
- Respondents identified with multiple national identities like British and English
- Respecting a country's laws and being born there were most important aspects of nationality
- A majority felt British identity had been affected by globalization
- Support for the UK's most recent wars varied, with Afghanistan having majority support
- Most said it's not unpatriotic to disagree with a country's decision to go to war
- There were varied views on when military force should be used in the future
The document provides an overview of major global trends and events since 1945 across three sections:
1. The Changing Political Climate - Decolonization led to the emergence of over 50 new nations by 1980 amidst the Cold War. Most new nations struggled with stability and democracy while international organizations expanded.
2. Global Economic Trends - The world divided into a relatively wealthy Global North and poorer Global South. Nations grew interdependent yet obstacles hindered development in the South. Environmental damage increased with modernization.
3. Changing Patterns of Life - Urbanization, women's rights advances, and new technologies transformed daily life while a new global culture emerged through modern communication. Traditional ways weakened as Western influences spread globally.
Human Trafficking involves the exploitation of victims through forced labor or sexual exploitation. The document provides background on the history of human trafficking dating back to the slave trade. It discusses how an estimated 600-800,000 people are trafficked worldwide each year, many of them children subjected to the commercial sex trade. The document also outlines laws aimed at combating trafficking like the Trafficking Victims Protection Act and important organizations and individuals working to end human trafficking.
Human Trafficking involves the exploitation and enslavement of victims for forced labor or sexual exploitation. The document provides background information on human trafficking including its history dating back to the 17th century slave trade, current statistics estimating 600-800,000 victims annually, and risks faced by victims such as physical and psychological harm. Key organizations working to combat human trafficking and support victims are also mentioned such as UNICEF, Truckers Against Trafficking, and important figures like Dr. Laura Lederer.
1. Culture affects many aspects of business including consumption habits, management styles, and laws. Key cultural factors include religion, values, education, technology, and concepts of time and space.
2. Several models have been developed to analyze cultural differences, such as Hofstede's dimensions of power distance, individualism, and time orientation. Hall emphasized high- versus low-context cultures and monochronic versus polychronic time.
3. The political environment influences business through government stability, forms of government, nationalism, and political risk. Strategies can help minimize risks like joint ventures and planned domestications.
THE UNITED NATIONS the guarantor of international peace POL 101 KSU SIR.pptxAbidKhan326
The United Nations has failed to adequately fulfill its role of maintaining international peace and security during several recent crises, according to the document. Specifically, the UN failed to prevent or stop conflicts like the Iraq War and intervene effectively in humanitarian crises in Libya and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. More recently, the UN was unable to curb the economic and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic or respond strongly to the Russian invasion of Ukraine due to geopolitical divisions among its most powerful member states. Overall, the document argues that the UN has not provided security to nations and civilians in need as intended due to failures of cooperation and action by UN bodies like the Security Council.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Canada for American educators. It begins by asking what students typically know about Canada, such as that it is north of the US, associated with hockey, polar bears/igloos, and long cold winters. It then discusses what it means to be Canadian and presents some familiar national symbols of Canada like the maple leaf flag. The document provides basic facts about Canada's geography, noting that it is the 2nd largest country by size and has a population of about 33.5 million people across 10 provinces and 3 territories. It highlights Ottawa as the capital and discusses Canada and the US sharing a long border and history. The presentation concludes by offering support for American educators to teach more about Canada
The document discusses the Brandt Line, which was developed in the 1980s as a way to show the geographic divide between relatively richer and poorer nations. It places most richer countries in the northern hemisphere and poorer countries in the southern hemisphere. It then discusses some key differences between the "Global North" (developed societies in Europe and North America) and the "Global South" (developing agrarian societies in Africa, India, China, and Latin America), including differences in levels of wealth, standards of living, industrial development, populations, and economic industries.
This document outlines activities at a diversity and culture sensitivity training. It includes introductions where participants share their name, something unique about themselves and where they are from. Two activities have the participants define diversity in 10 words and sort statements as facts or opinions. A poem is shared that uses M&M candies as a metaphor for a diverse society where differences are embraced rather than judged. The conclusion emphasizes embracing both individual uniqueness and each other's differences to celebrate diversity.
Your NamePractical ConnectionYour NameNOTE To insert a .docxnettletondevon
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Your Name
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Table of Contents
Phase 1: Educational and Employment History 2
Educational History and Goals (Include Certifications) 2
Employment History and Goals (Do NOT mention the name of the company you are writing about). 2
Phase 2: Telecommunications and Network Security Protocols implemented by your company (Fully describe 3 of the following components. Do NOT mention your company’s name, only the Industry) 2
Hosts and Nodes 2
IPv4 versus IPv6 2
Firewall 2
Virtual Private Network (VPN) 3
Proxy Servers 3
Network Address Translation (NAT) 3
Routers, Switches, and Bridges 3
The Domain Name System (DNS) 3
Intrusion Detection Systems and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) 3
Network Access Control 3
Phase 3: As a Security Consultant and based on what you have learned in this course, how would you improve your company’s Telecommunications and Network Security Protocols? 3
Improvement 1 3
Improvement 2 3
Improvement 3 3
Bibliography 4
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Remember to update the TOC after adding any data to the body of the paper. To update the TOC simply click anywhere in the TOC, select Update Table, then select Update entire table and OK.
Please erase this note before you submit.Phase 1: Educational and Employment HistoryEducational History and Goals (Include Certifications)
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Your namePresenter’s name(s) DateTITILE Motivatio.docxnettletondevon
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Presenter’s name(s):
Date:
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a. Materials:
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LETTERS
nature materials | VOL 3 | APRIL 2004 | www.nature.com/naturematerials 249
T issue engineering aims to replace, repair or regeneratetissue/organ function, by delivering signalling molecules andcells on a three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials scaffold that
supports cell infiltration and tissue organization1,2. To control cell
behaviour and ultimately induce structural and functional tissue
formation on surfaces, planar substrates have been patterned with
adhesion signals that mimic the spatial cues to guide cell attachment
and function3–5. The objective of this study is to create biochemical
channels in 3D hydrogel matrices for guided axonal growth. An agarose
hydrogel modified with a cysteine compound containing a sulphydryl
protecting group provides a photolabile substrate that can be
patterned with biochemical cues. In this transparent hydrogel we
immobilized the adhesive fibronectin peptide fragment, glycine–
arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–serine (GRGDS),in selected volumes of
the matrix using a focused laser.We verified in vitro the guidance effects
of GRGDS oligopeptide-modified channels on the 3D cell migration
and neurite outgrowth. This method for immobilizing biomolecules in
3D matrices can generally be applied to any optically clear hydrogel,
offering a solution to construct scaffolds with programmed spatial
features for tissue engineering applications.
Hydrogels have been widely studied as tissue scaffolds because they
are biocompatible and non-adhesive to cells, allowing cell adhesion
to be programmed in6–8. Current microfabrication methods for
3D hydrogel matrices with controlled intrinsic structure mainly
include photolithographic patterning9–11, microfluidic patterning12,
electrochemical deposition13 and 3D printing14. Notably, although these
layering techniques can conveniently shape the hydrogel on X–Y planes,
they have limited control over both the coherence of the layers along the
z direction and the local chemistry. Combining photolabile hydrogel
matrices with focused light provides the possibility of eliminating the
layering process and directly modifying the local physical or chemical
properties in 3D. This results in a promising (and perhaps facile) way to
fabricate novel tissue constructs15,16, as is described herein to control cell
behaviour by controlling the local chemical properties of gels.
Reconstituting adhesive biomolecules into biomaterials is of great
importance to understanding cell–substrate interactions that can be
translated to tissue-regeneration designs. Using 2D lithographic
techniques, adhesive biomolecules can be localized in arbitrary shapes
and sizes17,18. For example, patterning narrow strips of the extracellular
matrix (ECM) adhesion protein, laminin, on non-cell-adhesive 2D
substrates elicited.
More Related Content
Similar to AH-UNIT 2 DBHistory 1120With regard to other nations in the .docx
National Defense, International Security, & Globalization in the Post-Cold Wa...Carl B. Forkner, Ph.D.
This document summarizes key topics related to national defense, international security, and globalization. It discusses definitions of national security and strategies for national defense. It also examines global influences like Israel/Palestine, major powers, and regional issues. Military history from 1990 to 2003 is reviewed. Economic forces of globalization and their impacts are considered. Finally, traditional and non-traditional security challenges are presented, with the question of where future wars may occur.
This document discusses challenges facing news media in providing comprehensive global coverage in the digital age. It notes that while the internet has potential for more international perspectives and collaboration, most US news websites remain US-centric and focused on domestic issues. Foreign audiences are attracted to US sites but their interests are not fully reflected. Reasons discussed include commercial pressures to target national audiences, a lack of resources for extensive foreign reporting, and a tendency to frame foreign stories through a domestic lens. The document questions if this insular approach can be sustained as global connections intensify.
The document discusses three powerful women leaders of the 20th century: Golda Meir, Margaret Thatcher, and Indira Gandhi. Some common traits among them were that they were all first female leaders of their respective countries - Meir as Prime Minister of Israel, Thatcher as Prime Minister of Great Britain, and Gandhi as Prime Minister of India. They were also described as strong-willed leaders who took decisive actions. However, they differed in their approaches to foreign policy, with Gandhi aligning more closely with the Soviet Union while Thatcher strongly opposed the USSR and supported the United States instead.
Professor David Hulme, Executive Director of the Global Development Institute spoke at the Japan International Cooperation Agency in July 2016.
The presentation links to his new book 'Should Rich Nations Help The Poor'
This document discusses the concept of public diplomacy. It defines public diplomacy as a government's efforts to influence foreign audiences and engage in cultural and information exchange. The document outlines some key aspects of public diplomacy, including its role in international relations alongside diplomatic, economic, and military tools. It also discusses the difference between "hard power" which uses threats or coercion, and "soft power" which uses attraction and persuasion to achieve goals. The effectiveness of public diplomacy depends on appealing to foreign audiences through credible information and ideas.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a 3-day training on information sharing and analytics for UN personnel from different agencies in Lebanon. The training aims to improve information sharing across UN organizations and identify open source resources. The agenda covers introducing participants and resources, discussing current events, sources and methods for analysis, and conducting a security risk assessment exercise. The overall goal is to enhance the UN's access to and use of multinational information for decision support.
The document discusses the concept of information peacekeeping through collective intelligence. It outlines seven "information tribes" that currently operate independently but could collaborate, including the military, law enforcement, business, academia, NGOs/media, citizens/labor/religion, and national governments. The document proposes creating a global open source information network and data capture service that would connect these tribes by sharing unclassified information. This would allow for more comprehensive analysis and connecting of information across domains to support peacekeeping and humanitarian efforts.
This is Tim Love's second lecture at Oxford University. The first, titled "Advertising & Universal Compatibility, Think Like the Sun," was given March, 2007.
Access the transcript at: http://www.timlovesworld.com/files/oxfordlecture2.pdf
This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Rosalind Warner about Canada's role in a changing world. It discusses the liberal international order established after WWII and signs it is unraveling. Three possible futures are examined: a neoliberal renewal, a clash of civilizations, or multiple cascading crises. Canada's strengths like its location and moral leadership are noted, but also weaknesses in being heard on the global stage. Opportunities in technology and threats to Canada are considered.
Bin Laden, Intelligence, And National Securityzmiers
This document provides an overview of intelligence failures and recommendations for reform. It argues that the US spends too much on secret intelligence and military programs, and not enough on open source intelligence, humanitarian aid, and understanding other cultures. It recommends a more balanced approach across diplomatic, economic and social issues to better address the root causes of conflicts and threats.
New lecture created for Texas A&M member Tarleton, a really great class focusing on internaitonal reality and what we can know about it and do about it.
This document summarizes the results of a survey conducted in Ringmer, UK on issues of national identity and patriotism. Key findings included:
- Respondents identified with multiple national identities like British and English
- Respecting a country's laws and being born there were most important aspects of nationality
- A majority felt British identity had been affected by globalization
- Support for the UK's most recent wars varied, with Afghanistan having majority support
- Most said it's not unpatriotic to disagree with a country's decision to go to war
- There were varied views on when military force should be used in the future
The document provides an overview of major global trends and events since 1945 across three sections:
1. The Changing Political Climate - Decolonization led to the emergence of over 50 new nations by 1980 amidst the Cold War. Most new nations struggled with stability and democracy while international organizations expanded.
2. Global Economic Trends - The world divided into a relatively wealthy Global North and poorer Global South. Nations grew interdependent yet obstacles hindered development in the South. Environmental damage increased with modernization.
3. Changing Patterns of Life - Urbanization, women's rights advances, and new technologies transformed daily life while a new global culture emerged through modern communication. Traditional ways weakened as Western influences spread globally.
Human Trafficking involves the exploitation of victims through forced labor or sexual exploitation. The document provides background on the history of human trafficking dating back to the slave trade. It discusses how an estimated 600-800,000 people are trafficked worldwide each year, many of them children subjected to the commercial sex trade. The document also outlines laws aimed at combating trafficking like the Trafficking Victims Protection Act and important organizations and individuals working to end human trafficking.
Human Trafficking involves the exploitation and enslavement of victims for forced labor or sexual exploitation. The document provides background information on human trafficking including its history dating back to the 17th century slave trade, current statistics estimating 600-800,000 victims annually, and risks faced by victims such as physical and psychological harm. Key organizations working to combat human trafficking and support victims are also mentioned such as UNICEF, Truckers Against Trafficking, and important figures like Dr. Laura Lederer.
1. Culture affects many aspects of business including consumption habits, management styles, and laws. Key cultural factors include religion, values, education, technology, and concepts of time and space.
2. Several models have been developed to analyze cultural differences, such as Hofstede's dimensions of power distance, individualism, and time orientation. Hall emphasized high- versus low-context cultures and monochronic versus polychronic time.
3. The political environment influences business through government stability, forms of government, nationalism, and political risk. Strategies can help minimize risks like joint ventures and planned domestications.
THE UNITED NATIONS the guarantor of international peace POL 101 KSU SIR.pptxAbidKhan326
The United Nations has failed to adequately fulfill its role of maintaining international peace and security during several recent crises, according to the document. Specifically, the UN failed to prevent or stop conflicts like the Iraq War and intervene effectively in humanitarian crises in Libya and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. More recently, the UN was unable to curb the economic and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic or respond strongly to the Russian invasion of Ukraine due to geopolitical divisions among its most powerful member states. Overall, the document argues that the UN has not provided security to nations and civilians in need as intended due to failures of cooperation and action by UN bodies like the Security Council.
This document provides an overview and introduction to Canada for American educators. It begins by asking what students typically know about Canada, such as that it is north of the US, associated with hockey, polar bears/igloos, and long cold winters. It then discusses what it means to be Canadian and presents some familiar national symbols of Canada like the maple leaf flag. The document provides basic facts about Canada's geography, noting that it is the 2nd largest country by size and has a population of about 33.5 million people across 10 provinces and 3 territories. It highlights Ottawa as the capital and discusses Canada and the US sharing a long border and history. The presentation concludes by offering support for American educators to teach more about Canada
The document discusses the Brandt Line, which was developed in the 1980s as a way to show the geographic divide between relatively richer and poorer nations. It places most richer countries in the northern hemisphere and poorer countries in the southern hemisphere. It then discusses some key differences between the "Global North" (developed societies in Europe and North America) and the "Global South" (developing agrarian societies in Africa, India, China, and Latin America), including differences in levels of wealth, standards of living, industrial development, populations, and economic industries.
This document outlines activities at a diversity and culture sensitivity training. It includes introductions where participants share their name, something unique about themselves and where they are from. Two activities have the participants define diversity in 10 words and sort statements as facts or opinions. A poem is shared that uses M&M candies as a metaphor for a diverse society where differences are embraced rather than judged. The conclusion emphasizes embracing both individual uniqueness and each other's differences to celebrate diversity.
Similar to AH-UNIT 2 DBHistory 1120With regard to other nations in the .docx (20)
Your NamePractical ConnectionYour NameNOTE To insert a .docxnettletondevon
Your Name
Practical Connection
Your Name
NOTE: To insert a different Cover Page select the Insert tab from the Ribbon, then the cover page you want. Insert Your Name. Enter Your Industry and Phase below. You can use this template if you wish. Please erase this note before you submit.
Table of Contents
Phase 1: Educational and Employment History 2
Educational History and Goals (Include Certifications) 2
Employment History and Goals (Do NOT mention the name of the company you are writing about). 2
Phase 2: Telecommunications and Network Security Protocols implemented by your company (Fully describe 3 of the following components. Do NOT mention your company’s name, only the Industry) 2
Hosts and Nodes 2
IPv4 versus IPv6 2
Firewall 2
Virtual Private Network (VPN) 3
Proxy Servers 3
Network Address Translation (NAT) 3
Routers, Switches, and Bridges 3
The Domain Name System (DNS) 3
Intrusion Detection Systems and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) 3
Network Access Control 3
Phase 3: As a Security Consultant and based on what you have learned in this course, how would you improve your company’s Telecommunications and Network Security Protocols? 3
Improvement 1 3
Improvement 2 3
Improvement 3 3
Bibliography 4
NOTE: To include a Word generated TOC select the References tab from the Ribbon, then Table of Contents. Select the format you wish. Remember, to use the built-in TOC you must use the MS Word “Styles” format from the Ribbon, specifically “Heading 1” for each phase heading, “Heading 2” for the phase sub-headings and “Normal” for the body.
Remember to update the TOC after adding any data to the body of the paper. To update the TOC simply click anywhere in the TOC, select Update Table, then select Update entire table and OK.
Please erase this note before you submit.Phase 1: Educational and Employment HistoryEducational History and Goals (Include Certifications)
Type Your Data Here.
NOTE: For each Phase you must have at least 2 references. Please use the References feature of Microsoft Word to manage your references.
To add a reference to the database do the following:
Select References from the Ribbon
Select Style, then APA
Select Insert Citation
Select Add New Source
Select Type of Source
Fill in the required information, select OK
To insert a reference from the database do the following:
Place the cursor just before the period at the end of the sentence. Then select Insert Citation and select the correct reference from the list (Sewart, 2014).
Please erase this note before you submit.Employment History and Goals (Do NOT mention the name of the company you are writing about).
Type Your Data Here. Type Your Data Here. Type Your Data Here. Type Your Data Here. Type Your Data Here.Phase 2: Telecommunications and Network Security Protocols implemented by your company (Fully describe 3 of the following components. Do NOT mention your company’s name, only the Industry)Hosts and Nodes
Type Your Data Here. Type Your Data Here. Type Your Da.
Your namePresenter’s name(s) DateTITILE Motivatio.docxnettletondevon
Your name:
Presenter’s name(s):
Date:
TITILE:
Motivation(s)/Statement of problem(s):
Objective(s):
Approach(s):
a. Materials:
b. Methods:
Findings:
Conclusions
LETTERS
nature materials | VOL 3 | APRIL 2004 | www.nature.com/naturematerials 249
T issue engineering aims to replace, repair or regeneratetissue/organ function, by delivering signalling molecules andcells on a three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials scaffold that
supports cell infiltration and tissue organization1,2. To control cell
behaviour and ultimately induce structural and functional tissue
formation on surfaces, planar substrates have been patterned with
adhesion signals that mimic the spatial cues to guide cell attachment
and function3–5. The objective of this study is to create biochemical
channels in 3D hydrogel matrices for guided axonal growth. An agarose
hydrogel modified with a cysteine compound containing a sulphydryl
protecting group provides a photolabile substrate that can be
patterned with biochemical cues. In this transparent hydrogel we
immobilized the adhesive fibronectin peptide fragment, glycine–
arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–serine (GRGDS),in selected volumes of
the matrix using a focused laser.We verified in vitro the guidance effects
of GRGDS oligopeptide-modified channels on the 3D cell migration
and neurite outgrowth. This method for immobilizing biomolecules in
3D matrices can generally be applied to any optically clear hydrogel,
offering a solution to construct scaffolds with programmed spatial
features for tissue engineering applications.
Hydrogels have been widely studied as tissue scaffolds because they
are biocompatible and non-adhesive to cells, allowing cell adhesion
to be programmed in6–8. Current microfabrication methods for
3D hydrogel matrices with controlled intrinsic structure mainly
include photolithographic patterning9–11, microfluidic patterning12,
electrochemical deposition13 and 3D printing14. Notably, although these
layering techniques can conveniently shape the hydrogel on X–Y planes,
they have limited control over both the coherence of the layers along the
z direction and the local chemistry. Combining photolabile hydrogel
matrices with focused light provides the possibility of eliminating the
layering process and directly modifying the local physical or chemical
properties in 3D. This results in a promising (and perhaps facile) way to
fabricate novel tissue constructs15,16, as is described herein to control cell
behaviour by controlling the local chemical properties of gels.
Reconstituting adhesive biomolecules into biomaterials is of great
importance to understanding cell–substrate interactions that can be
translated to tissue-regeneration designs. Using 2D lithographic
techniques, adhesive biomolecules can be localized in arbitrary shapes
and sizes17,18. For example, patterning narrow strips of the extracellular
matrix (ECM) adhesion protein, laminin, on non-cell-adhesive 2D
substrates elicited.
Your nameProfessor NameCourseDatePaper Outline.docxnettletondevon
Your name
Professor Name
Course
Date
Paper Outline
Thesis: Thesis statement here
I. Rough draft of introduction to essay/paper
II. First Major Point
A. Secondary point
B. Secondary point
C. Transition sentence into next paragraph
III. Second Major Point
A. Secondary point
B. Secondary point
C. Transition sentence into next paragraph
IV. Third Major Point
A. Secondary point
B. Secondary point
C. Transition sentence into next paragraph
(If there are more points, add them as items V, VI, etc. appropriately)
1
V. Rough draft of conclusion of essay/paper
A. Summary of discussion
B. Final observations
Works Cited
Livingston, James C. Anatomy of the Sacred: An Introduction to Religion. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009.
Rodrigues, Hillary, and John S. Harding. Introduction to the Study of Religion. Routledge, 2009.
.
Your name _________________________________ Date of submission _.docxnettletondevon
Your name: _________________________________ Date of submission: ______________________
ENG201 Milestone 4: #MyWordsChangeLives Project Outline
#MyWordsChangeLives Project Outline
#wordschangelives
Instructions: Save this document on your own computer. Type into each box and expand it as needed for the length of your response. Answer thoroughly!
PART 1: PERSONAL REFLECTION
TOPIC: What is one problem, issue, or need in the world, or in your own community, that you care a lot about?
PERSONAL CONNECTION: Why is this particular issue important to you? Is there something in your life experience or academic studies that relates?
ROOT CAUSE HYPOTHESIS: What do you think are some of the root causes of this issue? Explain.
AUDIENCE HYPOTHESIS: Based on the causes you have identified, who would be a good audience for you to try to make a change on this issue? Why?
RESEARCH QUESTIONS: The next step is research, What are 3 questions related to your issue that you want to answer during your research? Think of information that might help you better understand the issue in order to address or solve it.
PART 2: RESEARCH SUMMARY
SOURCE #1: Include APA-formatted citation here, including link if applicable:
How can you tell that this is a reliable source?
In this column, make a list of the most important facts or statistics you learned from this source:
In this column, explain in your own words why the facts you included to the left are important:
What was the most important thing you learned from this source? Why?
SOURCE #2: Include APA-formatted citation here, including link if applicable:
How can you tell that this is a reliable source?
In this column, make a list of the most important facts or statistics you learned from this source:
In this column, explain in your own words why the facts you included to the left are important:
What was the most important thing you learned from this source? Why?
SOURCE #3: Include APA-formatted citation here, including link if applicable:
How can you tell that this is a reliable source?
In this column, make a list of the most important facts or statistics you learned from this source:
In this column, explain in your own words why the facts you included to the left are important:
What was the most important thing you learned from this source? Why?
PART 3: PROJECT PLANNING OUTLINE
CREATE YOUR OWN TEXT-BASED CAMPAIGN!
Start outlining the components of your final project here.
You will explain each choice in greater detail and polished prose for your final project.
Headline: What is the “headline” of your campaign? What phrase or hashtag will you use? Why those words?
Message: What is the subtext of the campaign? In other words, what messages are you communicating by the headline?
Audience: With whom is your campaign de.
Your NameECD 310 Exceptional Learning and InclusionInstruct.docxnettletondevon
Your Name
ECD 310: Exceptional Learning and Inclusion
Instructor
Date
Inclusive and Differentiated Learning and Assessments
Hint 1: This template is intended to guide you; however, you’re encouraged to add or delete from this format as long as your final product aligns with the assignment requirements found under Week 3>Assignment.
Hint 2: Delete these highlighted “hints” before final submission.
Hint 3: Delete the prompt text included on each slide and replace it with your own content.
Only use this template if you are enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education
Introduction
On this slide, provide a brief introduction to the topic of standardized assessment.
Hint: For help creating and editing slides in PowerPoint, see this guide on Creating PowerPoint Presentations.
Including All Students
On this slide, describe how you will ensure that all students are included in assessments and how you will make decisions about how children participate in assessments.
Accessibility for All
Summarize how you will make sure that the assessments are designed for accessibility by all.
Ensuring Fairness and Validity
Explain how you will make sure the assessment results are fair and valid.
Reporting the Results
Describe the importance of reporting the results of the assessment for all students.
Evaluating the Process
Examine how you will continually evaluate the assessment process to improve it and ensure student success.
Hint: Use scholarly sources in your presentation to support your ideas. Remember to include in-text citations.
Rationale
Explain your rationale, based on the age of children you plan to work with, the reasons why you would use standardized assessments.
Some reasons might be programmatic planning, differentiating instruction, identifying individual needs, and ensuring alignment with standards.
Hint: Make sure to support your reasoning with at least one scholarly source.
Collaboration
Discuss how, as an early childhood educator, you will collaborate with your colleagues to differentiate the assessment tools you will use to support the children you work with.
Conclusion
Include a brief conclusion to bring closure to your presentation.
.
Your Name University of the Cumberlands ISOL634-25 P.docxnettletondevon
The document discusses defensible space and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). It defines defensible space as using barriers and surveillance to control an environment and divide it into zones. CPTED is defined as a multidisciplinary approach to reducing crime through the design of environments in a way that improves safety and allows for better physical and operational controls.
Your Name Professor Name Subject Name 06 Apr.docxnettletondevon
Your Name:
Professor Name:
Subject Name:
06 April 2019
Active exhibition
For most people, a hospital is a place that we don't want to go, but we may have to go if
we get ill. Pain and death brought by diseases terrify us, which make us avoid thinking
of a hospital, not to mention visiting a hospital if not necessary. As for me, a hospital is a
special place. My father is a doctor who helps thousands of patients get well. I spent my
childhood watching him cure patients and bring happiness back to their life. A hospital
represents hope and wellness to patients and their loved ones, and we cannot simply
correlate it with the negative image brought by diseases, form an idea for illness and
even hospital fear. I want to propose a series of exhibitions to awaken people's outdated
and even prejudiced views, just like “A Hacker Manifesto” taught us. We need to bring
this spirit to break the perception in the traditional sense. This exhibition, I hope to let
patients or visitors think more deeply about what disease or disability has brought us.
Inspired by ‘A Hacker Manifesto’, I want to subvert mundane ideas and provide a
completely new experience to hospital visitors through this exhibition. Many relate their
past bad experiences and sad stories with hospitals. Thus, they hold a negative and
prejudice attitude toward the hospital and refuse to change. In this exhibition, I will
present the ‘hope’ and ‘wellness’ side of the hospital. Instead of breaking us down, a
hospital is protecting us from losing health or even life. Also, I want to exhibit the
optimism and fortitude the patients have when they fight against diseases. The shining
qualities they maintain to win the battle of life are so inspiring. We can understand the
meaning of life better from the hospital exhibition.
To organize an impressive exhibition, I choose a comprehensive hospital with a large
amount of patients. In this way, more people will be attracted to the exhibition in the
hospital than in smaller hospitals. They can enjoy the exhibition works when they wait in
line. There are many kinds of patients in general hospitals. I hope to bring some new
concept or idea to the patient.
After comparing several local hospitals in San Francisco, I decided to choose the
hospital in Kaiser Permanente. Kaiser's hospitals are widely distributed, and almost all
of California's medical systems are involved. Exhibitions can have more widely flowed,
and the community around Kaiser is rich. There are companies as well as residential
areas and even schools. The success of the exhibition can benefit the surrounding
communities more broadly.
Kaiser Permanente Campus in San Francisco
For a specific location, I chose the Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center
and Medical Offices (2425 Geary Blvd, San Francisco, CA 94115). In the lobby of the
entrance, you can see a very wide area, on the righ.
Your muscular system examassignment is to describe location (su.docxnettletondevon
Your muscular system exam/assignment
is to describe location (superior & inferior attachments, action and innervations of the following muscles: please make sure to describe that mentioned above on each muscles.
Deltoid
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Sartorius
Iliotibial tract/band
Tensor Fascia Lata
Describe glenohumeral joint (anatomy, ligaments, and movements at this articulation).
.
Your midterm will be a virtual, individual assignment. You can choos.docxnettletondevon
Your midterm will be a virtual, individual assignment. You can choose one of the following to complete:
-Website (sites.google.com or wordpress.com)
-Blog (blogger.com or tumblr)
-Vlog
You have to find a way to tie in
ALL
of the following topics in your multimedia midterm project:
-Cellular Reproduction
-Meiosis
-DNA structure/Function
-Bacteria and Archaea
-Protists
You'll either have to explain your information at an elementary, lay (someone not familiar with science), or the scientific level.
Your midterm project will be due on February 26, 2020 at 11:59 pm.
In your project you aren’t giving definitions, you’re explaining in a unique way how all the topics tie in together. If you choose elementary you need to be creative and engaging as they have a short attention span and have little to no knowledge of science. For the lay audience you’ll need to relate it to the real world or real world events. Think of this audience as explaining these subjects to your mother or grandmother. For the scientific audience, you must use scientific language and present your information in a matter of fact way. This requires an innovative mindset.
.
Your local art museum has asked you to design a gallery dedicated to.docxnettletondevon
Your local art museum has asked you to design a gallery dedicated to works of art from one of the following movements:
Modernism
You may use Word or PowerPoint to design your gallery.
You will design your gallery as if you were guiding a visitor to each work of art.
In your gallery, include the following:
A brief introduction to your gallery, which includes a description of the movement and the time period to which your gallery is dedicated.
Six images of works of art that incorporate the characteristics significant to movement and time period. Along with each image of a work of art, include the citation for the work of art. A summary of how the media (materials), methods, and subject are significant to that time period and region, using appropriate art terminology.
A summary of how iconographic, historical, political, philosophical, religious, and social factors of the movement are reflected in the work of art.
Make use of at least three scholarly sources
Cite your sources
.
Your letter should include Introduction – Include your name, i.docxnettletondevon
Your letter should include:
Introduction – Include your name, if you are a full-time or part-time student, your program name and your semester of study.
Body of letter – Why do you think you qualify for an award? Include your volunteer work within the community.
Conclusion – Show your appreciation for being considered and include how receiving an award will assist with your education.
.
Your legal analysis should be approximately 500 wordsDetermine.docxnettletondevon
Your legal analysis should be approximately 500 words
Determine whether Mr. Johnson discriminated against Ms. Djarra based on religion.
Discuss whether Mr. Johnson offered reasonable accommodations to Ms. Djarra.
Identify the amount and type of damages to be awarded, if any.
The Religious Discrimination – Reasonable Accommodations analysis
Tip for what I need for the analysis section: An analysis section draws meaning from the events that occurred. Go in depth about the implications of their viewpoints or actions.
.
Your Last Name 1Your Name Teacher Name English cl.docxnettletondevon
Your Last Name 1
Your Name
Teacher Name
English class number
Due Date
Title
Start typing here. Delete the notes below after you read through them.
Indent each paragraph and use double spacing and the following formatting:
1 inch margins
Times New Roman
12 point font type
DO NOT use any of the following:
NO border,
NO word art,
NO drawings,
NO ALL CAPS,
NO exclamation points!,
Your Last Name 2
NO underlining,
NO bold,
NO italics (except for references to literature)
NO different font types, sizes or colors.
.
Your job is to delegate job tasks to each healthcare practitioner (U.docxnettletondevon
Delegate tasks to healthcare practitioners during the day shift by filling out a staffing table or describing each person's tasks. Use a primary, team, or modular nursing staffing model to help make delegation decisions. Follow APA style guidelines by typing responses into a Microsoft Word document and uploading the completed staffing table or document.
Your job is to look at the routing tables and DRAW (on a piece of pa.docxnettletondevon
Your job is to look at the routing tables and DRAW (on a piece of paper) the topology based on the information in the routing tables. All of the LANS have the first address (.1). Your deliverable is to draw the topology, with the router names, with the interface names and addresses based on the information given. Please take a picture of your drawing and attach it to the dropbox.
I already did this assignment. i am attaching my work also, i am so confused about these ports. i am attaching, my professors note as well. PLEASE READ IT CAREFULLY. and fix it
you did not list the serial ports correctly. The serial ports are what connect the routers together. 2 connecting serial ports will have addresses on the SAME network. The serial port does not stick out of the router like the LANs, the serial ports connect the routers to each other.
.
Your job is to design a user interface that displays the lotto.docxnettletondevon
Your job is to design a user interface that displays the lotto balls that are drawn when drawing up to balls from 5 total of 30 balls.
Use 5 image elements to display the ball images from this zipfile:
lottoballs.zip
(I WILL ATTACH THE FILE)
Use a button to perform the drawing.
Use a Lotto class object in the script lotto-class.js to simulate drawing the balls.
Use a CSS file to set the fonts, colors, and sizes of the elements on your page.
Include a link back to your index page. ** ONLY SHOW FIVE BALLS IN HTML
The Lotto class object draws the balls with replacement and sorts them in numeric order before outputting them.
Allow the user to choose how many balls from which to draw and how many balls to draw. This provides a variety of Lotto games to play.
.
Your Introduction of the StudyYour Purpose of the stud.docxnettletondevon
Your
Introduction
of the Study
Your
Purpose
of the study
Your
Methodology
Add your ethical considerations for the survey to your Methodology
Add your measurement strategy to your Methodology
Include a copy of the questionnaire or survey in the Methodology
Provide your
Data Analysis
with survey results
Data results should be provided in graphic form, making them user-friendly information
Provide your
Conclusion
regarding the study. Be sure to tell how well you answered your research question, the status of your hypothesis (true/false), and the value of your survey results for your topic moving forward
USE the attached paper to complete final.
.
Your instructor will assign peer reviewers. You will review a fell.docxnettletondevon
Your instructor will assign peer reviewers. You will review a fellow student's Week 1 materials and provide substantive and constructive feedback to them on the direction for their final paper (250 word minimum). Is something useful missing from the outline? Do you know additional sources (or places to find good sources) the person might want to include? Do you understand clearly his or her topic and thesis?
Fellow Student week I material:
Title of Paper: Long Term Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect.
Introduction:
The voice that is hardly heard. Child abuse and neglect have become predators within human history. As time has passed the outstanding cases that have come about over the many years have raised many eyebrows and society has become appreciative to the revilement of these evil acts within all communities. Child abuse and neglect can take place in a home as well as outside a home places many couldn’t even imagine such as within our school system as well as playgrounds. Even though many times these evil acts take place within a home it can be done by family, friends and acquaintances of the child. Child abuse and neglect can be performed in various ways such as neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse and emotional abuse.
Direct Statement and Research Question:
The voice that is hardly heard. Can child abuse and child neglect affect an individual?
Proposal:
The paper that I am presenting to you today will explore the aspects of child abuse, child neglect, effects of the abuse, signs of abuse, signs of neglect, symptoms, risk factors, treatment and prevention. Individuals have their own presumptions of their definition of child abuse as well as child neglect. Some of those presumptions that I have heard were the failure to provide enough love to a child, the failure to provide enough necessities to a child. Child neglect and abuse goes deeper than this the emotional neglect, physical neglect and medical neglect. Where a child sustained physical injuries due to the act of hitting, shaking, burning and kicking describes physical abuse. Sexual activity that the child cannot consent of or comprehend refers to sexual abuse. These acts involve anal and genital intercourse, oral contact, and fondling. Emotional as well as psychological abuse involves those words of putting children down, vulgar language, screaming and yelling can all involve emotional as well as psychological abuse towards a child.
Methodology and Data:
I plan on delivering my methodology through statistics such as research journals and individuals in society that also work with children who have been abused as well as neglected such as interviewing social workers, teachers, health professionals and individuals within society. Understanding that many abused children do not come forward because of that fear that has been placed in them. The fear of becoming the blame, the fear of being rejected or refused, the fear of the blame and the fear of being ashamed so.
Your initial reading is a close examination of the work youve c.docxnettletondevon
Your initial reading is a close examination of the work you've chosen before you read about it. In order to describe what you see, you might consider:
What do you notice first? Why? What do the colors convey? How? How is the space occupied? Is there a foreground and a background (2D) or is the piece sculptural (3D) with mass and volume? Is there an implied shape, such as a triangle, square, or circle, that brings balance to the composition? Are there diagonal lines that make it dynamic?
Next, read the materials provided about the work of art. You are welcome to do additional research on the internet as long as you use reputable websites, such as those from museums and art publications. Go back to your piece and take an even closer look. Think about what you've read and what you see. How does its meaning deepen from additional information the work of art?
Then, consider how the formal elements play into the artist's intention or audience's interpretation of the work. Making connections and observations about form and content are the key to writing a strong analysis. Remember to cite as appropriate.
Include several of areas from the first and second points to bring you to the third point.
1. Initial Reading (what do you see and understand when you first look at the work?)
Medium (materials)
Formal Elements
Subject
2. Contextual Research
Content
History
Emphasis
Effect
Symbolism
Relevance
Political Parallels
Social Implications
Audience?
Influences?
Captions/Title/Text
Ethical/Logical/Emotional Appeal?
3. Meaning
Bring it together. What does the work of art mean? Develop a persuasive, cohesive analysis that includes what you see through form and context.
.
Your initial posting must be no less than 200 words each and is due .docxnettletondevon
Your initial posting must be no less than 200 words each and is due
no later than Wednesday 11:59 PM EST/EDT.
The day you post this will count as one of your required four unique postings.
Identify the standard that courts use to qualify someone as an expert witness. Then discuss the standards used to allow that individual's testimony in court. Here, you will want to refer to the Federal Rules of Evidence as well as the Daubert Standard and several other important landmark cases. Include in your response the Saint Leo core value of integrity.
Saint Leo Core Value of Integrity:
The commitment of Saint Leo University to excellence demands that its members live its mission and deliver on its promise. The faculty, staff, and students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed.
.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
AH-UNIT 2 DBHistory 1120With regard to other nations in the .docx
1. AH-UNIT 2 DB
History 1120
With regard to other nations in the Western Hemisphere, was
the U.S. in the right when enforcing the Monroe Doctrine? Why,
or why not?
Note the way the question is worded--With regard to other
nations in the hemisphere. This requires you to look at the issue
from the point of view of those outside the US. Specific
examples will be needed to argue either side of the question.
Tahiti and Moorea
Paradise or Possession?
Cultural Geography
Dr. Wright
Learning Objectives
2. Polynesian Triangle
Pacific Island Regions
• Polynesia – “Many Islands”
• Micronesia – “Small Islands”
• Melanesia – “Islands of Black People”
• Indonesia – “India Islands
3. Bora Bora
Images of “Paradise”
“Paradise” in the Tuamotus
French nuclear testing
Tuamotu Islands 1950s
U..S. Nuclear testing
Bikini Island, Micronesia
Bikini Island nuke crater
Pacific Islands were
nuked dozens of times
4. Tahiti
Tahiti Cultural Geography
• French Colony/Possession
– French Navy stations here
– 120,000 people total in Tahiti and Moorea
• Polynesians arrived by boat 5,000 years ago
• Tahitians: native, Demi (mixed), or French in identity
• Sexuality is open despite Catholic church presence
– Mahus are straight me who dress as women
– Raras are gay or bi men who dress as women
• Volcanic islands: lagoons and fringing coral reefs
• Tourism economy is 40% of the total, resorts
• Mutiny on the Bounty story still attracts visitors
5. Breadfruit
Reason for the Bounty’s journey
Captain Bligh vs. Fletcher Christian
English women
Tahitian women
Captain Bligh cast adrift
Original Bounty route
Christian and the mutineers sail to Pitcairn
Bligh and 18 men make it to Timor
Pitcairn Island
Remote and tough
6. Pitcairn Island – population 50
Descendants of Fletcher Christian
• Pitcairn Island
• 2009 – 4 men convicted in English court of
serial sexual abuse of young girls
Tahiti and Moorea
Black tip sharks
When you see them, it is safe
Same for White Tip Sharks
7. Beware the Tiger Shark
Aggressive species
Tiger Shark, Martha’s Vineyard
1,100 pounds
Rays like to play
Stag horn coral
Mahu
9. • Seven factors that explain why the Vikings
became peaceful
– Do these factors explain other countries?
“Peace”
• How do you define this?
Global Peace Index (GPI)
Criteria (which are biased and how?)
• Number of conflicts
fought: 2001-2013
• Number deaths in
conflicts (external)
• Number of deaths from
conflicts (internal)
10. • Level of internal
conflict
• Relations with
neighboring countries
• Distrust in other
citizens
• Number displaced
• Political instability
• Human rights record
• Terrorism
• Homicide rate
• Violent crime rate
• Jailed as percent
GPI Criteria
• Military expenditure as
percent of GDP
• Military per 100,000
people
• Weapons imports
• Weapons exports
11. • UN deployments
• Non-UN deployments
• Heavy weapons per
100,000 people
• Ease of access to small
arms by citizens
• Military capability
Bias – every ranking system has it
• Military deployments are “anti-peace?”
• Military capability is “anti-peace?”
• Citizen access to guns is a bad thing?
• 60% “Internal Measures?”
• 40% “External Measures?”
• Violence against women and kids left out
• Factors weighted by a panel of “experts?”
12. USA Ranked 100th out of 162 countries
• USA ranked low because of…
– Military size
– Deployments and wars
– High violent crime rate
– Terrorist attacks
– Largest % of pop in jail in the world (1%)
– Easy access to hand guns
Top Ten most “peaceful” countries
• #1: Iceland
– No standing army
• #2: Denmark
– “Happiest people on
Earth”
• #3: New Zealand
– Isolationist, low
corruption
13. • #4: Austria
– Sheds its Nazi past
• #5: Switzerland
– Neutral, banking wealth
• #6: Japan
– No offensive military
• #7: Finland
– Post WWII peace
• #8: Canada
– Low crime, human rights
• #9: Sweden
– Anti-war, wealthy
• #10: Norway
– Oil wealth, low crime
Next 10 Most “Peaceful” Countries
• #11: Belgium
– Manufacturing wealth
14. • #12: Ireland
– High tech jobs
– No religious violence
• #13: Slovenia
– Post-Yugoslavia peace
• #14: Czech Republic
– Post-USSR peace
• #15: Germany
– Safe, wealthy society
– Post-Nazi pacifism
• #16: Australia and
Singapore
– Wealth, business
• #18: Portugal
– Post-colonial peace
• #19: Qatar
– Oil wealth
– Moderate Islam
• #20: Bhutan
– Remote Buddhist kingdom
Most Peaceful Countries
Forbes Magazine
• #1: Iceland
15. • #2: Denmark
• #3: New Zealand
• #4: Austria
• #5: Switzerland
• #6: Japan
• #7: Finland
• #8: Canada
• #9: Sweden
• #10: Norway
Most Peaceful Countries
• Most of these countries depend on the
United States or another major military
power for their national defense
– This factor skews the data
• But, the Least Peaceful Countries are pretty
obvious in the Global Peace Index (GPI)
16. Least “Peaceful” Countries
• #162 of 162: Afghanistan
– War, Taliban, al Qaeda
– Drug trade
• #161: Somalia
– Chaos, warlords
– A failing state
• #160: Syria
– A complex civil war
• #159: Iraq
– Sectarian violence
• #158: Sudan
– Ethnic/religious violence
• #157: Pakistan
– Jihadists, repression
• #156: Dem Rep Congo
– Gangs, civil war
• #155: Russia (2.8 score)
– Corruption, crime
– Gangs, oligarchs, thugs
– Chechnya
– Ukraine
– Putin
• #154: North Korea
– Madness, repression
• #153: Lebanon
17. – Hezbollah terrorists
– Syrian civil war spillover
• #152: Yemen
– Al Qaeda on the Arabian
Peninsula
Some Noteworthy Countries
What to you think of these rankings?
• Vietnam: 41st
• South Korea: 47th
• Jordan: 52nd
• France: 53rd
• Cuba: 65th
• Brazil: 81st
• Haiti: 92nd
• Saudi Arabia: 97th
• USA: 100TH
• China: 101st
18. • Bangladesh: 105th
• Sri Lanka: 110th
• Tajikistan: 118th
• Mali: 125th
• Thailand: 130th
• Mexico: 133rd
• Colombia: 147
• Israel: 150th
Factors and Patterns
• Most Peaceful countries
– 13 of 20 are European
– Stable democracies common
– Prosperity and education
– Clean environments
– Low crime
– Secular or moderate religion
– Racially homogeneous
– Human rights
– Women’s rights?
– Not drug producers
– Many are Post –
empire/war/colonialism/
occupation
19. • Least Peaceful countries
– 9 of 11 are African or
Middle East/Central Asia
– Ethnic conflicts
– Brown Colonialism
– Poverty, lack of education
– Pollution
– Drug trade
– Religious extremism
– Military rule
– Crime
– Poor on human rights
– Poor on women’s rights
– Russia is a striking case study
French President de Gaulle
German Chancellor Adenauer
1958
France and Germany
reach peaceful relations
Both were democracies
21. – Not kings or dictators
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of religion
– Including, freedom from religion
• Are these ideas widely accepted in the world?
Factors in Peace
• Geographic distance between countries
• Geographic adjacency of countries
• Differences in military strength
• Nuclear deterrent
• Alliances
• Economic wealth reduces need for empires
• Economic interdependence of countries
• Globalization
• Political stability
22. • Religion?
Other World Peace Theories
• Capitalism and Trade
• Mutually Assured Destruction
• Reduce Nationalism
• Globalization of Ideas and Values
• Natural Resource Stewardship
• “Peace Through Superior Firepower”
– Have such a large military force that no-one dares to
attack you
– Is this possible now?
• Terrorism: 911 attacks on the USA
• Iraq and Afghanistan wars
• Russia’s invasions of Georgia and Ukraine
The United Nations
• The UN Charter
– “To maintain international peace and security…”
– “To take collective measures for the prevention
and removal of threats to peace…”
– “To settle international disputes…”
– “To develop friendly relations…”
23. – “To achieve international co-operation
Has this worked?
How can we measure that?
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=im
ages&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=hARmxZJKlxzmlM&tbnid=
kgjn3OyrV4DP_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://iprd.org.uk/?p
%3D6564&ei=KaVmU5UfpJvKAbuegMAC&bvm=bv.65788261,
d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNEhzpErjdzFOQFJm6oTpOP7lnjktw&ust=1
399322254715127
One Last Theory
• A complete military defeat changes a society
and turns it against making war
• World War II
– Germany
– Japan
– Italy
In WWII, Russia lost 23 million people, but won.
They lost the Cold War and now seem to be out for
lost territory and pride
25. Country Rankings
Foreign Aid as Percent of GDP
• #1: Luxembourg – 1%
• #2: Sweden – .99%
– $5.25 billion per year
• #3: Norway - .93%
• #4: Denmark - .84%
• #5 Netherlands - .71%
• #6: UK - .56%
• #7: Finland - .53%
• #8: Ireland - .48%
• #9: Belgium - .47%
• #10: France - .45%
• #18: Iceland - .22%
• #19: USA - .19%
– $30 billion per year
World’s Happiest Countries
Forbes Magazine Study
26. • #1: Norway
• #2: Denmark
• #3: Australia
• #4: New Zealand
• #5: Sweden
• #6: Canada
• #7: Finland
• #8: Switzerland
• #9: Netherlands
• #10: USA
• #12: Iceland
Lowest Murder Rates
• #1: Monaco
• #2: Hong Kong
• #3: Singapore
• #4: Iceland
– 0 murders in many years
• #5: Japan
27. • #6: French Polynesia
• #7: Brunei
• #8: Bahrain
• #9: Norway
– .6/100,000 people
• #10: Denmark
• #18: Sweden
• #28: Finland
– 2/100,000 people
• #?: USA
– 5/100,000 people
Nobel Peace Prize
• Given by Norway to someone each year for
their efforts in furthering peace
• Named for Alfred Nobel, a Norwegian, who
invented dynamite
What happened to Viking violence?
Who were the Vikings?
28. • Norse people from Scandinavia
• Raiding and Trading in Europe and beyond
• Became known as Vikings
– Named for Viken, a fjord near Oslo, Norway
• “Viking” became synonymous with piracy,
plundering, raping, but they were traders too
The Vikings
YouTube Videos
• Vikings European Raids (4:06)
• Vikings Attacking England (3:43)
PEAK OF VIKING CONTROL
29. Viking Conquest
and Expansion – WHY?
• Revenge
– Against continental Europeans for raids into Viking lands
– Against French and others because of their forced conversion
to
Christianity – those Vikings who resisted were killed
• Slaves
– Enslaved Christians, very profitable
• Resources
– Farmland, timber, metal
• “Wives”
– Shortage of women, rapes common
• Trade
– Created trade routes, settlements, outposts over a vast area
• After fall of Roman Empire, trade eventually shifted to
Islamic Empire
and the Silk Road
• Vikings opened new trade routes in Arab lands
30. Viking Raids
• Groups of men in boats raided after their
crops were planted back home in Scandinavia
• Vikings were Pagans
• Pillaged churches and town for wealth and
food
– Lindisfarne Monastery
in Northern England
• Killed Christian monks
• Vikings were seen as terrorists
Ruins of Lindisfarne Monastery
Viking Influence was Great
31. • Viking DNA in Great Britain, Ireland, France
and beyond beginning in 700 AD
– Attacked Muslim Andalusia in 844, captured
Seville, sacked Lisbon, then were defeated
– 966 attacked Lisbon and sacked Lisbon again
– Traded in Baghdad in 900s (Ibn-Fadlan account)
• “Vikings” were Norse, Swedish, Danish as we
recognize these ethnicities today
• Huge navies – fleets of 120 ships
• “Merchant-Warriors”
Iceland
• Vikings arrived in 874 AD
• Island was unoccupied, no indigenous people
• Icelandic Commonwealth created
– 435 male settlers
– Women came later
32. “The Viking Deception”
• Were Viking explorations of Vinland (North
America) real or imagined?
• “Vinland Map” is believed to show
Newfoundland
NEWFOUNDLAND
VIKING VOYAGES
Icelandic Sagas
• Written accounts of history, war, conquest,
kings, battles, customs, ancestry, family stories
• Written down in 13th century, but covering oral
history going back 400 years
• Give us much of what we know about Viking
history
33. – Icelandic is the closest language to what the Vikings
spoke
Iceland Saga Documents
40,000 square miles
300,000 people
Gulf Stream warmth
Middle Atlantic Ridge
Iceland
“Foss” means waterfall
42. Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
• #1: Christianity
– Scandinavian Kings converted to Christianity and
banned the enslaving of Christians which was the
largest source of income in many Viking raids
– Christianity made it easier for Vikings to trade
with other regions of Europe
– Now, nominally Lutheran, but very low church
attendance
Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
• #2: Military Losses
– Vikings from Norway were defeated by the
English in 1066, BUT, war continued inside
Scandinavia for centuries more
• Norway had a civil war that last a century
• Sweden had religious wars and built an empire that
included Finland and Norway
• Denmark fought with Norway and captured Iceland
43. • Prussians invaded in 1860s – more war
• Nazis invaded and captured Denmark and Norway
• Scandinavia grew tired of war
Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
• #3: NATO Protection
– Scandinavian countries have small militaries
because they are protect by the USA and NATO
Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
• #4: 20th Century Wealth
– Scandinavian countries are wealthy
– High Tech industry, oil and gas, trade, banking
– High Per Capita GDP
• Norway: $56,000, 10th highest
• Denmark, Finland, Iceland: $40,000
• USA: $53,000, 13th highest
Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
44. • #5: Democratically Elected
Governments
– Kings and Queens still exist but have little power
Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
• #6: Education and Social Change
– Scandinavia has excellent schools, a culture of
learning, honest government
– World Education Rankings (Pearson study)
• #1: Norway
• #2: South Korea
• #3: Japan
• #4: Singapore
• #12: Denmark
• #17: USA
• Sweden, Finland, Iceland – all in top 30
45. Why the Vikings Became Peaceful
• #7: Internationalism
– Scandinavians are hooked into the international
flow of information, trade, ideas, Internet
– Strong supporters of the United Nations
– Negotiate peace treaties
– Give large amounts of foreign aid with no
geo-political strings attached
– Immigration is now creating tensions
• From Iraq, Poland, Iran, former Yugoslavia, Turkey
• An increase in nationalist political candidates
List of Factors
• #1: Christianity
• #2: Military Losses
• #3: NATO Protection
• #4: 20th Century Wealth
• #5: Democratically Elected Gov’ts
• #6: Education and Social Change
46. • #7: Internationalism
Learning Objectives
• Seven factors that explain why the Vikings
became peaceful
– Do these factors explain other countries?
Paris
Geography 363V
Dr. Wright
Learning Objectives
• Monumental Landscape Traits
– Eiffel Tower - part of old exhibition, hated
– Louvre Museum – art agglomeration
– Arc de Triomphe – monument to Napoleon
– Notre Dame Cathedral – testament to faith
47. • Urban Morphology
– Circular for defensive purposes
– Bisected by the Seine River – site and situation
– Grand Avenues slice across Medieval grain
Paris
• Site
– Began on an island in Seine for defense
– Roman era the city was called Parisiorum
• Situation
– Seine River connects to the mountains the
Atlantic Ocean for trade
– Paris region has 12 million people
Paris
(Notice circular pattern)
54. temptation”
Place de Vosges
1605 urban redevelopment
Arc de Triomphe and
Grand Avenues
Coronation of Napoleon
as Emperor at Notre Dame: 1804
Napoleon’s Empire
Arc de Triomphe
Built by Napoleon
58. Roman ruins in Paris
Catacombs of Paris
Bones of 6 million people
Modern Paris
Right beside ancient Paris
World Electronic Music
Festival, Paris: Sept 2010
59. Go to Paris
with
someone
you love
Learning Objectives
• Monumental Landscape Traits
– Eiffel Tower - part of old exhibition, hated
– Louvre Museum – art agglomeration
– Arc de Triomphe – monument to Napoleon
– Notre Dame Cathedral – testament to faith
• Urban Morphology
– Circular for defensive purposes
– Bisected by the Seine River – site and situation
– Grand Avenues slice across Medieval grain
New Zealand
Cultural Geography
60. Dr. Wright
Polynesian Triangle
New Zealand: Isolation
New Zealand
• Former British colony in Polynesia
– 80% European, 10 Maori, 10% other Polynesians
– NZ English slang: “no worries”, “rattle ya dags”
– Maori Nation arrived 30,000 years ago, Haka
• Economy is sheep, wheat, kiwi fruit, tourism
• Many endemic species
– Kauri forests, blue penguins, kea (alpine parrot)
• Southern Alps tourism
61. – Milford Sound fjord (like Norway)
• Lord of the Rings movies host in NZ
New Zealand
Far margin of the British Empire
“Middle Earth”
Mystique
• New Zealand
tourism is
growing
62. Middle Earth
Maoris
• Indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand
• Arrived 30,000 years ago
• Colonized by British in 18th century
Maori greeting
Maoris
Doing the “Haka” dance to frighten enemies
The Haka
63. Maori Haka
Face tattoos, warrior culture
New Zealand “All Blacks”
Rugby Team doing the Haka
Africa’s Cultural Landscapes
Analyzing World Heritage Sites
Geography 363V
Dr. Wright
Learning Objectives
64. are less represented?
The World is Changing Fast
and consume farms, ranches, rural landscapes,
and plant and wildlife habitats
What is the right balance?
creation of new cultural landscapes, modernity
landscapes, resource conservation, preservation
of places and what they teach us
65. Case Study: Egypt and the Nile
-WWII Egypt wanted to modernize
and little oil & gas (at that time)
to the Mediterranean Sea
Aswan High Dam - 1954
Nile River, Egypt
Aswan High Dam *
66. Abu Simbel, Egypt
Abu Simbel Relocation
Saved it from being flooded by Lake Nasser
Site: religious monument and reminder that empires fall
Abu Simbel Reconstructed
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Abu_Sim
bel_relocation_by_Zureks.jpg
Abu Simbel was saved
• $80 million cost
– Half of the money donated by 50 countries
– Recognition that this site is a part of our world
heritage – a place worth saving
• Relict of a past major civilization, artistic value,
reminder of transience of empires
67. • This led to other global efforts to save
important cultural sites from
destruction during the 1960s
Venice
Flooding threat
4600 year old Mohenjo Daro Ruins
Indus Valley, Pakistan
1400 year old Borobodur Buddhist Temple
Indonesia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Borobudu
r_photograph_by_van_kinsbergen.jpg
UNESCO
• “United Nations Educational, Scientific,
68. and Cultural Organization”
• 1972 an important agreement was
created
– Convention Concerning the Protection of
World Cultural and Natural Heritage
– Help protect “World Heritage Sites”
• “Cultural Heritage Sites”
• “Natural Heritage Sites”
Advisory Bodies
They Decide what Sites are Included
• IUCN
– International Union for the Conservation of Nature
• Switzerland
• ICOMOS
– International Council on Monuments and Sites
• France
69. • ICCROM
– The International Centre for the Study of the
Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
• Italy
World Heritage
10 Selection Criteria (www.whc.unesco.org)
• “To represent a masterpiece of human creative
genius”
• “To exhibit an important interchange of human
values: architecture, technology, monumental arts,
town-planning, or landscape design”
• “To bear a unique or exceptional testimony to a
cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living
or which has disappeared”
World Heritage Selection Criteria
70. • “To be an outstanding example of a type of building,
architectural or technological ensemble or
landscape which illustrates significant stages of
human history”
• “To be an outstanding example of a traditional
human settlement, land-use or sea-use which is
representative of a culture (or cultures) or human
interaction with the environment especially when it
has become vulnerable under the impact of
irreversible change”
• “To be directly associated with events or living
traditions, with ideas, or beliefs, with artistic and
literary works of outstanding universal significance
Natural Heritage Selection Criteria
• “To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of
71. exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance”
• “To be outstanding examples representing major stages of
Earth’s history, including the record of life, significant on-
going
geological processes”
• “To be outstanding examples representing significant on-going
ecological and biological processes in the evolution and
development of species and ecosystems”
• “To contain the most important and significant natural habitats
for in-situ conservation of biological diversity (including
endangered and threatened species”
What is missing?
What do these criteria seem
to exclude?
“Cultural Memory”
72. • What a culture remembers and why it is
important – their “Cultural Narrative”
– “Collective memory”
– Learning lessons of history
– Books, objects, museums, public history and oral
traditions such as stories
– Moral narratives of how to live
– For geographers, places are the source of cultural
memory
• Dangers of ultra-nationalism, racism, propaganda
• Monumentalism – big buildings conveying power
1910 Monument to King Vittorio
Fascist Architecture in Rome
Nazi Monumentalism
Essential Purpose
Help protect “important” places on Earth
73. • 779 Cultural Heritage Sites
• 197 Natural Heritage Sites
• 31 Mixed Sites
World Heritage Sites
1007 sites in 161 countries
• Africa: 133 total sites (12% of world total)
– 88 are cultural sites (67% of Africa total)
• Middle East: 77 (Includes North Africa)
– 71 Cultural Sites
• Asia Pacific: 186
– 161 Cultural Sites
• Europe and North America: 480
– 408 Cultural Sites (52% of world total)
• Latin America and Caribbean: 122
– 91 Cultural Sites
74. Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan
Buddha
Statues
Taliban Blew up many Statues, 2001
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Destruction_of_B
uddhas_March_21_2001.jpg
Bamiyan Valley
Buddhist site on the verge of elimination
• Threats
– Taliban and al Qaeda blowing them up because of
religious bigotry and Muslim prohibition on making
human figures as religious icons
• Importance of the site
– Religion and religious art
75. – Freedom of expression
– Reminds us of the need for tolerance
Palmyra, Syria
Intense threats
• Used since the Neolithic (10,000 years ago)
• Assyrian Kings – caravan stop
• Roman ruins in Roman province of Syria
• Silk Road trade center
• Muslim Caliphates
ISIL conquers Palmyra
Palmyra
76. • Threats
– ISIL destroying sites and images of people
and faces
• Importance of the site
– Diversity of cultures have used this place
• Pagan, Christian, Jewish, Muslims
• Stone Age, Rome, Arab Muslim Empires
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Angkor Wat
Buddhist/Hindu Temple Complex
Angkor Wat
Buddhist/Hindu Temple Now Protected
77. • Threats
– Overuse by tourists
– Age: the need for constant restoration
• Importance of the site
– Religious monument for both Buddhists and
Hindus
– Reminds us of the common quest for God
Galapagos Islands
Biological Rarities
Scalloped Hammerhead Shark
http://wallpaper-s.org/15_~_Scalloped_Hammerhead_Shark.htm
Marine Iguanas
78. Frigate Bird
Blue-footed Booby
Galapagos Penguin
On the Equator
Galapagos Giant Tortoises
Can live 200 years
Galapagos
Tortoise
Speilberg’s idea for ET
Finches and Evolution
Charles Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle
79. Galapagos Islands
National Park under stress
• Threats
– Population growth on the islands
– Climate change
– Overuse by tourists
– Overfishing
• Importance of the site
– Biodiversity
– Place that inspired the Theory of Evolution
– Charles Darwin Research Center
The World Heritage Program
and Africa
• Africa presents unique challenges for
the program – “Which sites are worth
protecting? How and why? What do
80. these sites represent and teach us?”
– High cultural and biological diversity
– Legacy of colonialism
• Poverty
• War and conflict
• Resource destruction
• Disease
• Corruption
• Continuing influence of foreign powers
Percent of People
Living on less than $2 per day
Poverty is falling rapidly worldwide,
but not in poor regions like Africa
81. Life Expectancy
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Early Hominid fossils
Afar Region, Ethiopia
Another of our homelands
“Ardi”
Skeleton discovery in Ethiopia: 2009
4.4 million years old
“Lucy” – 3.2 million years ago
Afar Region of Ethiopia
• Our species began there and spread
82. – DNA evidence shows we are all “cousins”
• All “races” are recent – literally skin
deep
– at most 60,000 years old?
• All cultural differences are very new
– Religions – many in the past 4,000 years
– Modern languages – most in past 300 years
We are all Africans
Africa
2,000
languages
2,000
nations
Only 55
countries
83. EARLY CULTURE HEARTHS
EARLY KINGDOMS
Religion in Africa
Slavery in Medieval Africa
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Medieval
_Arab_Slave_Trade.svg
Many African Americans have
their roots in West Africa
Slave Trade
Regions
• Mostly West Africa
84. • Slaves
– Many “nations”
– Muslims
– Tribal religions
– Christians
Slave Trade
African Slavery
Memorials
African Renaissance Monument
Senegal
The story of
“Roots”
85. Alex Haley’s “Roots”
• Oral history handed down in his family
– “The African” – “Kunta Kinte”
– Came from the “Gambebelongo River”
– Called a guitar a “Ko”
– Taken to a place called “naplis”
Alex Haley researched and found the story
of his roots from slavery to the 20th century
Alex Haley with the “Griot”
in Jufureh, Gambia
BERLIN CONFERENCE OF 1884
86. “The Scramble for Africa”
13 European countries divided up Africa for its
wealth without any consideration of cultures
• Superimposed political boundaries created
-- African peoples/nations were divided
-- Unified regions were ripped apart
-- Hostile societies were thrown together
-- Hinterlands were disrupted
-- Migration routes were closed off
• When former colonies became independent in Africa after
1950, the continent had already acquired a legacy of
political fragmentation, conflict, and corruption
RACIST COLONIAL POLICIES
• Great Britain: “Brown Colonialism”
– Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe
– Gave power to favored “nations” who were made
87. representatives of the crown
• France: “Assimilationist”
– French West Africa: Senegal, Mali
– Imposed French culture through language, laws,
education and dress (acculturation)
Ota Benga
Pygmy of the Batwa Nation
1902 at age 21
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Ota_Beng
a_1904.jpg
Ota Benga
• Lived in the “Belgian Congo” - a colony of Belgium
• His wife and children were murdered during a
Belgian government program to take the land and
wipe out “evolutionarily inferior natives”
88. • Ota Benga became a slave
• Samuel Verner, a missionary and explorer, bought
him and other Pygmies to put on display at the St.
Louis World’s Fair in 1904
St. Louis World’s Fair
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Louisiana
_Purchase_pygmies.jpg
Ota Benga
• After the Fair, he returned to Africa and
remarried, but his second wife died of
snakebite
• Ota was scorned by his own people for the
time he spent working for the Whites
• Verner brought him back to the United States
for a “visit” but lacked the money to support
him, so…
89. Ota Benga
Exhibited in the “Monkey House”
at the Bronx Zoo in 1906
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ota_Beng
a_at_Bronx_Zoo.jpg
Results of Colonialism
– massive debt
Superimposed Boundaries
“States” created without local input
90. (countries)
inally comes, societies are
in chaos
Nigerian Oil Pirates
Boko Haram
• Islamist Terrorist Group in Nigeria
– Kidnapped hundreds of girls
– Rapes and beheadings
– Lately, murdering school kids because they might
grow to oppose them
91. – Murder Christians who do not convert to Islam
Kidnapped Nigerian Girls
Sudan – Darfur Region Genocide
Arab Muslims and Black Christians
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.allrefer.co
m/reference/world/flag-images/sudan-
flag.gif&imgrefurl=http://reference.allrefer.com/world/countries
/sudan/flag.html&h=302&w=604&sz=3&tbnid=McwXeqiy0Ppf_
M:&tbnh=68&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflag%2Bsuda
n&usg=__uf43ggx5v71VWxouiSBUFl_0K9w=&ei=hlOJS-j6GI-
6swP066iGAw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=2&ct=image&
ved=0CAgQ9QEwAQ
South Sudan created
• New country, 2010
• 11 million people
• Christian and Animist
• 4% pop. growth
• Highest infant mortality rate
92. • 27% literacy
• $1,400 per capita GDP
Somali
pirates
Cartogram – HIV Infection
Cartogram Malaria Cases
Many outbreaks
since 1970s
Doctors
SOUTH AFRICA
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flagsandanth
ems.com/media/flags/flag-south-
94. rights
– Complete segregation of races
Apartheid System
Institutionalized Racism
Nelson Mandela
Worked for civil rights in South Africa
• “African National
“Congress” (ANC)
Mandela spent 27 years in jail
Victor Verster Prison 1988-1990
1964-1982
Mandela’s prison cell
95. “White Only” Residential Areas Grew
Black South Africans had seen enough
Mandela freed 1990
Mandela elected President of South Africa
Apartheid System made illegal, 1994
Nelson Mandela
Won Nobel Peace Prize
Johannesburg
Veldt
96. Poverty remains high
World Heritage Sites
1007 sites in 161 countries
• Africa: 133 total sites (12% of world total)
– 88 are Cultural Sites (67% of African sites)
• Middle East: 77 (Includes North Africa)
– 71 Cultural Sites
• Asia Pacific: 186
– 161 Cultural Sites
• Europe and North America: 480
– 408 Cultural Sites (52% of world total)
• Latin America and Caribbean: 122
– 91 Cultural Sites
97. African World Heritage Sites
• What do you think these numbers
indicate?
– Given Africa’s role as the hearth of
humanity, its extraordinary cultural
diversity, and its turbulent history of being
exploited by Europeans, Americans,
Chinese, and others – can this story be
explained in 88 “cultural sites”?
• Europe and North America have 408
And - are the right African sites being recognized?
What does this geographic
pattern suggest?
African World Heritage Sites
• www.africanworldheritagesites.org
98. http://www.africanworldheritagesites.org/
Types of African World
Heritage Cultural Sites
• Human Origins – 4
• Rock-Art and Pre-History – 8
• Ancient Civilizations of the Nile – 6
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – 10
• Egypt After the Pharaohs – 3
• Ancient Ethiopia – 4
• Fortified Cities of the Maghreb – 10
• Trans-Sahara Trading Routes – 6
• Ancient African Civilizations – 8
• Living Traditional Cultural Landscapes – 10
• European Colonial Influences – 12
• East Africa’s Swahili Coast – 3
• Madagascar and Mauritius – 3
99. What do you notice
about this list?
• What kinds of sites are stressed?
• What kinds of sites are minimized or
absent?
• Is there bias in how sites are officially
recognized as part of “world heritage?”
Exploring African
Cultural World Heritage Sites
• The cradle of humankind
• Greatest cultural diversity in the world
– Yet only 11% of world cultural sites in Africa
• Immense biological diversity
100. “EUROPEAN
COLONIAL INFLUENCES”
• 10 Sites scattered along Africa’s coast
• All are symbols of European
colonialism, military conquest, slavery,
and repression
Island of Gorée
• Senegal
– Largest slave-trading center on the African
coast from 15th-19th centuries
– Ruled in succession by Portuguese,
Dutch, English, and French
– Grim slave quarters in contrast with
elegant houses of slave traders
– Reminder of human racism, violence
– Now, perhaps a place of reconciliation
101. Slave Trader
Mansions
Slave
Quarters
Last sight of Africa
for Slaves heading to the Americas
Medina of Essaquirra, Morocco
• Fortified French seaport
– Medina is the market area
• Symbol of French colonial control of
West Africa
102. Fort Jesus, Kenya
• Portuguese fort, 16th century
• Symbol of slave trade and other
“products”
• Conquered by Arabs in 1698
Grand-Bassam, Cote D-Ivoire
• French colonial capital of the Ivory
Coast
103. • Symbol of French military and
economic power
Robben Island, South Africa
• Prison where Nelson Mandela was held
for 20 years
• Symbol of Afrikaner racism and the
Apartheid system
• Island has been used as a prison since
1657, when the Dutch built a jail
104. “LIVING TRADITIONAL
LANDSCAPES”
• 10 sites all located in only 6 countries
out of 55 countries in Africa (why?)
– Senegal (2) French colony
– Mali (2) French Colony
– Nigeria (2) English colony
– Zimbabwe – English colony
– South Africa (2) English and Dutch colony
– Togo – German colony
What is a
“Living Cultural Landscape?”
• Don’t all lived-in places qualify?
• Are we romanticizing people?
• Making them “exotic”?
• Defining them as “the other”?
105. • “Nobel Savage Myth” was used as part
of racist narrative about non-Europeans
Dogon Cliff Landscapes
• Dogon nation on the Bandiagara Cliff
– Occupied cliff dwelling villages
– Rock art
• Cultural adaptation to arid environment
and raiding from neighbors
– Reminds many of Southwest U.S. cliff
dwelling sits of the Anasazi, Mimbres, etc.
106. Koutammakou Villages, Togo
• “Classic mud-built tower houses.”
• “A unique adaptation to the local
environment, visually striking, a
manifestation of these people’s close
association with nature.”
– How does this language sound to you?
Bassari Country, Senegal
• Cultural landscapes of three nations
107. • “Reflects the way three culturally-
distinct groups of people adapt to the
natural environment.”
– Defensible villages on hilltops
– Ancient villages now used most for
ceremonies
Sukur Cultural Landscape,
Nigeria
• “A beautiful settlement of 2,000 people,
under the same form of land
management for at least 400 years”
– Sacred trees, ritual sites, iron smelting,
livestock grazing, stone walls
108. Djenne, Mali
• “Remarkable towns built of mud,
includes the Grand Mosque, the largest
mud-built structure in the world.”
– A Muslim cultural landscape in northern Africa
Africa in a Broader Perspective
109. be created to more fully represent this
diverse continent?
How about the United States?
Heritage Sites from a cultural perspective?
ut what it means for a site to be
officially recognized.
United States World Heritage
Cultural Sites (9)
• Cahokia Mounds, Illinois
• Chaco Canyon, NM
• Independence Hall, PA
110. • San Juan National Historic Site, PR
• Mesa Verde National Park, CO
• Monticello, VA
• Monumental Earthworks, LA
• Statue of Liberty, NY
• Taos Pueblo, NM
U.S. Cultural Sites
on “Tentative List”
• Eight Cultural Sites including:
– Civil Rights Movement Sites
– Thomas Jefferson, slave buildings
– Mount Vernon (including slave buildings)
What is missing?
Learning Objectives
111. son Mandela
TYPE ALL ANSWERS DOUBLE SPACED
Use class materials on ALL answers.
1) Write a two-page discussion of the cultural landscape of
Paris. You must cover: the geographic site and situation of the
city, its basic morphology (shape and pattern), its cultural
character and ethnicity, economy, and describe the cultural
significance of three of its major monumental landscape
features. Use class materials.
2) Define World Heritage Sites – explain the types of purposes
of these sites. Then describe two sites from Africa: why was
each site selected for World Heritage designation? Use class
materials and the UN site. whc.unesco.org
3) List and briefly explain how the Vikings became peaceful.
Are there any other reasons you can think of? Does this story
have any significance for the future of United States or is it
112. unique to Scandinavia? Use class materials.
4) Write one page on either New Zealand or Tahiti as a cultural
landscape. Both are parts of Polynesia but differ tremendously
in their history, colonial era, ethnic character, and cultural
landscapes. Use the term Polynesian Triangle. Describe the
place you select in a way that a knowledgeable tourist would
benefit from. Use class materials and the Internet to generate
your information include sitation.