Inspired by the 2003 book, PEACEKEEPING INTELLIGENCE: Emerging Concepts for the Future

1. Information Peacekeeping:
A Nobel Objective
• 112 awards, 103 years (1901>
• 20 organizational awards
– UN elements 5 (PKF ’88)
– Red Cross 4
– Doctors w/o Borders ’99
– ICBL (Land Mines) ‘97
– Pugwash Conf. ‘’95
– International Physicians ’85
– Amnesty International ’77
– In’t Labor Org. ’69
– Quakers (2), ’47
– Nansen (NO) Refugees ’38
• 19 years with no award (18%)
• US 22, CH 12, UK 10, IE 5, FR 8,
SE 5, BE 4, DE 4, ZA 4, IL 3, CA
2, NL 2, NO 2
• Focus of Effort:
– 28 peace organization
– 19 conflict resolution
– 15 human rights, 14 relief
– 9 arbitration, 6 disarmament
– 5 refugees, 4 nuclear
– 2 pacifism, 2 land mines
• Information Aspect:
– 23 direct engagement on ground
– 22 negotiation, 18 documentation
– 12 personal, 7 educational,
– 5 author, 5 publicity, 4 media

2. Top Ten Challenges
Terrorism is the Least of Our Worries
Complex Emergencies
32 Countries
Ethnic Conflict 18
Genocides Today**
Resource Wars, Energy
Waste & Pollution**
Refugees/Displaced
66 Countries
Censorship Very High
62 Countries
Corruption Common
80 Countries
Water Scarcity &
Contaminated Water**
Food Security
33 Countries
Child Soldiers
41 Countries
Modern Plagues*
59 Countries & Rising
*State of the World Atlas (1997), ** Marq de Villier (Water), John Heidenrich and Greg Stanton (Genocide),
Michael Klare et al (Resources), all others from PIOOM Map 2002

3. Policy Opportunities
We Can Leverage US Dollars—But You Have to Help…
Global War of Terrorism
• ODSI (Dr. Stephen Cambone) wants universal
coverage down to the neighborhood level
Transition to and from War
• DoD Directive 3000.cc (draft) is on target
– C4I needed to NGOs, PMCs, locals, etc.
– Foreign open sources of information vital
DoD GIG Good But Needs to Evolve Faster
• Can’t collect/connect the dots on the fly
• Can’t cycle connected dots back to the field
• Global grid runs from too fat to not at all

5. Seven Information Tribes:
The Way Ahead
Military
Law Enforcement
Business
Religions
& Clans
Academic
National
NGO &
Media

6. National Tribe
Government
Secrets
"Intelligence"
"Protected"
Open
• Spies & Secrets are the smallest part
of government
• Government information is owned
by the people, not the “State”
• National Institute of Health (NIH)
now demands all research be
published via Open Access
• Accountability at all levels is going
to rise dramatically in next 5 years

7. Military Tribe
Armed Forces & Gendarme/Guard
Targeting
Signals
Imagery
Order of Battle
Mapping
• Military’s greatest value is in maps & charts
as well as digital elevation data
• NGA is in process of taking mapping off
the market—you must all file demarches at
the national level
• Military can also provide C4I “hub” for PKI
WAN/LAN open to all parties.
• Swedish Military Academy can provide
common training for all
• Military information “process” is priceless
• Border patrol observation is priceless

8. Law Enforcement Tribe
INTERPOL, EUROPOL, Provincial & Local Police
Undercover
Investigation
Privacy
Metrics
• Must improve pay across the board—street
cops must be “perfect” and protected from
temptation—while also being ruthless with
political corruption
• Synthetic information and aggregate data
mining do not violate privacy
• Greatest obstacle is amount of hard-copy
files and lack of digital tools at the precinct
level—need US funding
• Metrics, coordination of effort, do not
violate privacy—we must have a common
view of the battlefield, and global “hot
pursuit”

9. Business Tribe
Business Information Managers—Not Only BI/CI
Client Information
Pricing Information
Cost Information
External Information
• Client information is reasonably “top
secret”
• Pricing information (discounts not
made public) also
• Cost information can be shared in
aggregate ways
• External information generally
ignored—imagine if all general
managers shared their insights into
local political, economic, cultural,
and demographic situation?

10. Academic Tribe
Research, Distance Learning, Student Projects
Secret
Sensitive
Private
Open
• In the US, academics have identified
$50B a year in import-export tax
fraud/money laundering
• Academic data mining is the fastest
cheapest means of discovering
anomalies while learning new means of
discovery
• We are wasting hundreds of billions
around the world in duplicate, badly
managed, academic studies that are
neither digitized properly, nor shared
• Fixing this alone will double what we
can know about our most serious
issues

11. NGO-Media Tribe
Ground Truth Observation & Investigation
Secret
Sensitive
Private
Open
• UN aid workers can be immature and
spend too much time partying.
• UN information constitutes the largest
garbage pit in the world—but if we can
connect it, use it, it becomes an
information goldmine
• Red Cross, Green Peace, Amnesty
International, Doctors without Borders,
ECCP—these are the real-world
information leaders
• Media publishes 10% of what it
knows—we have to get at the other
90% via shared networks
• “Eyes on target” is the gold standard

12. Citizen-Labor-Religion Tribe
Neighborhoods, Collectives, and Faith-Based Networks
Secret
Sensitive
Private
Open
• The ultimate intelligence network is
public—”intelligence minutemen”
• Labor unions & other collectives have
the power to match governments and
corporations with public intelligence
• Faith-based networks—B’Nai Brith,
Islam, the Catholic Church,
Evangelicals, Pentecostals, all have
information power that is not properly
processed nor shared
• Where we have gone wrong is in
thinking that organizations control
information—they do not. Weber is
dead—we are free if we wish to be…

13. Three Architectures
One Global Data Capture Service
1. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE:
• processing in the bit stream
• interoperation
4. COMMERCIAL COLLECTION:
• open source feeds
• special collection
2. SEMANTIC ARCHITECTURE:
• text-capable
• scaled
3. INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE:
• incorporates open sources, on and off line
• matches global real time knowledge to individual situations

14. Point of
Entry Raw
Produces
Actionable
Intelligence
Processed
Raw
OPINTEL
Finished
Intelligence
Policy
Package
Public
Perception
Connecting the Dots 24/7, All Levels
HUMINT SIGINT IMINT MASINT OSINT OPS OTHER
Dots need to be connecting at every level,
Including immediately upon ingestion.
Today, one third of the dots connect here.
(Collect 2/3rd, spill half—some say 80%)
HUMINT SIGINT IMINT MASINT OSINT OPS OTHER

15. Conversion of
Paper Documents
to Digital Form
Open Literature Non-Text Data Restricted Information
Automated Extraction
of Data Elements From
Text and Images
Standardizing
and Converting
Data Formats
Processing Images,
Video, Audio,
Signal Data
Automated
Foreign Language
Translation
Detection of Alert
Situations
Clustering and
Linking of
Related Data
Statistical Analysis
to Reveal
Anomalies
Detection of
Changing Trends
Interactive Search
and Retrieval of
Data
Graphic and Map-
Based Visualization
of Data
Modeling and
Simulations
Collaborative
Work
Notetaking and
Organizing Ideas
Structured
Argument
Analysis
Desktop
Publishing and
Word Processing
Production of
Graphics, Videos and
Online Briefings
Revision Tracking
and Realtime Group
Review
OLD:
On-the-fly Analytic Tools Applied At All Points

16. Inter-Agency Collaboration
DoD Directive 3000.cc Opens New Doors
R2 CG
J-2 J-3
JICC
J-1
MP
J-5
CA
J-4
Eng
J-6
IT
INTELLIGENCE
CLUSTER
SERVICE
CLUSTER
COALITION
CLUSTER
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
CLUSTER
CIVIL
CLUSTER
NGO
CLUSTER
80% Unclassified Information

17. Everyone Has Information Needs
Many of those needs are common to more than one party.
NNE 1509 3921 7502
Bridge: Clear
Village: Friendly
Alt 11,004
Over Hill: E Plt
Defilade: OnStar
We’re concerned about all information needs, not just “intelligence” requirements.

18. Regional Information Center
Deputy for Collection
Australia
OSINT
HUMINT
IMINT
SIGINT
Deputy for Processing
Malaysia
Digitization
Translation
Visualization
Analytic Support
Deputy for Analysis
China
Warning
Estimative
Countries
Issues
Chief of Center
Singapore
Deputy for Counterintelligence
Japan
Deputy for Covert Action
Thailand

19. Ronald Kasrils,
Minister for
Intelligence
Services
Republic of
South Africa
To Montevideo
Chief:
South Africa
Deputy Chief:
North Africa
Collection:
East Africa
Processing:
West Africa
Analysis:
Central Africa
Counter-I:
TBD
Covert Action:
TBD
Suez Team:
Egypt
Gibralter Team:
Spain
[Positions rotate
every 3 years]
Overlay &
Virtually
Integrate:
African
Early
Warning
&
Open
Source
Information
Network
African
Regional
Intelligence
Center
Joint
Analysis
Center
Molesworth

20. Information Peacekeeping
Through Collective Intelligence