This is to certify that the research entitled ((Performance of sustainable Mortar using Calcined clay, fly ash, Limestone powder and reinforced with hybrid fiber)) have been conducted at our Technical Engineering College and there is No funding resource for this research from our University.

1. ‫الرحيم‬‫الرحمن‬‫هللا‬‫بسم‬
‫منكم‬‫امنو‬‫الذين‬‫هللا‬‫يرفع‬
‫درجات‬‫العلم‬‫وتوا‬‫ا‬‫والذين‬
‫خبير‬‫تعملون‬‫بما‬‫وهللا‬
‫سورة‬
‫المجادلة‬
/
‫الية‬
(
11
)
‫العظيم‬‫هللا‬‫صدق‬

3. With the increasing demands for high-quality power sources, a
pulse-width modulated PWM inverter has been used as a key element
for a high performance power conversion system such as (UPS),
medical equipment and communication systems. In the UPS inverter
the output voltage is required to be sinusoidal with minimum total
harmonic distortion (THD). This is usually achieved by employing a
combination of pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme and a second
order filter at the output of the inverter .One way of achieving a
“clean” sinusoidal load voltage is by using sinusoidal pulse width
modulation (SPWM). The design of NN control technique applied to
single-phase PWM inverter are presented
Stage one: design the power inverter and LC filter circuit
Stage two: design the multiple feedback loop PI control for inverter
circuit and obtaining example patterns
Stage three: designing and training the proposed NNs for inverter circuit

4. The general purpose of the work is to design a feedback
controller by using first: multiple feedback loop PI control.
Second: artificial neural network (ANN) for PWM inverter in
order to obtain a sinusoidal load voltage with low THD, small
steady state error and good dynamic responses under any
disturbance change in the load or input voltage.

5. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation SPWM
Bipolar SPWM
Unipolar SPWM
tri
control
i
V
V
m  Vd
m
V i
out .
)
ˆ
( 

6. Power Circuit Design for PWM Inverter
The power circuit design for 500 watt single phase inverter consists
of the following three stages
Low-pass filter
stage
Inverter DC-AC
stage
Push-pull DC-DC
stage
Vdc Vac
Push-pull DC-DC Inverter DC-AC filter and load

7.  Design Specification for the PWM Inverter and filter
15 KHz
Switching frequency fs
Input DC voltage 350 V
220V
Rms load voltage
Full load resistance 100 Ω
Filter inductor Lf
Filter capacitor Cf
4.7 mH
1.68uF
 Design Specification for the DC-DC Converter
12 V
Switching frequency fc 50KHz
Input DC voltage
Output DC voltage 350V
DC filter capacitor 34uF
Duty cycle of switches 50%

8. Diagram of UPS Inverter and Linear Model
s
s
L
s
i
R
s
v
s
v
s
i
f
l
f
load
o
l
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(



)
(
1
)
( s
i
s
C
s
v c
f
load 
)
(
)
(
)
( s
i
s
i
s
i load
l
c 

L
load
load
Z
v
i 
s
s
i
L
s
i
R
s
v
s
v l
f
l
f
load
o )
(
)
(
)
(
)
( 


Vm Vload
Open loop transfer function

9. Step Response
Time (sec)
Amplitude
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
x 10
-3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
System: f
Settling Time (sec): 0.00124
System: f
Final Value: 280
System: f
Peakamplitude: 398
Overshoot (%): 42.3
At time (sec): 0.00029
 Step response of open loop transfer function at mi=0.8

10. The classical control circuit for PWM inverter consists of two
loops :the first loop is a fast internal current loop to reduce the
THD of the output voltage and increase the speed of the
response, the second loop is a slow outer voltage loop, which
provides output voltage regulation
Control Circuit Design for PWM Inverter

11. Closed Loop Control Analysis (over all system)
The root locus of the compensated closed loop voltage control
The step response of the compensated closed loop voltage control

12. Push-Pull DC-DC Converter Simulation

13. SIMULATED RESULTS OF THE DC-DC
 Output Voltages

14. Open Loop PWM Inverter Simulation

15.  Unipolar Modulation Input and PWM Gate Signals at mi=0.8 and mf=150
SIMULATED RESULTS OF THE OPEN LOOP PWM INVERTER

16.  PWM Output Voltage and Load Voltage at mi=0.8 and mf=150
SIMULATED RESULTS OF THE OPEN LOOP PWM INVERTER

17.  load voltage and current at mi=0.889 and a sudden load change (no-load
to full load)
SIMULATED RESULTS OF THE OPEN LOOP PWM INVERTER

18.  load voltage and current at mi=0.889 and a sudden dc input change
(350-315V)
SIMULATED RESULTS OF THE OPEN LOOP PWM INVERTER

19.  load voltage and current for full load and 0.8 pf lagging
SIMULATED RESULTS OF THE OPEN LOOP PWM INVERTER

20. INVERTER CONTROL WITH MULTIPLE FEEDBACK LOOP (PI CONTROL)

21.  load voltage, load current, modulation signal and error Voltage at a sudden
load change (no load-full load)
SIMULATION RESULTS PWM INVERTER WITH PI CONTROL

22.  dc input voltage, load voltage , load current, modulation signal at a sudden dc
Input change (350- 315 V)
SIMULATION RESULTS PWM INVERTER WITH PI CONTROL

23.  load voltage and current for full load and 0.8 PF lagging
SIMULATION RESULTS PWM INVERTER WITH PI CONTROL

24. Closed loop Control Design By Neural-Network
 We design a simple low cost neuro-control to control the
PWM inverter instead of using a multiple loop controllers
 We Proposed Tow Structure ANN to Control the PWM Inverter
Proposed NN control scheme for a UPS inverter structure one
Proposed NN control scheme for a UPS inverter structure two

25. INVERTER CONTROL WITH NEURAL NETWORK (STRUCTURE ONE)

26. INVERTER CONTROL WITH NEURAL NETWORK (STRUCTURE TWO)

27.  load voltage , load current , modulation signal at step load change (no load
to full load) for inverter with structure 1 NN
SIMULATION RESULTS OF NN CONTROL PWM INVERTER

28.  load voltage , load current , modulation signal at step load change (no load
to full load ) for inverter with structure 2 NN

29.  dc input voltage, load voltage , load current , modulation signal at sudden
dc input change (350-315V ) for inverter with structure 1 NN

30.  dc input voltage, load voltage , load current , modulation signal at sudden
dc input change (350-315V ) for inverter with structure 2 NN

31.  load voltage and current for full load and 0.8 PF lagging Under
structure 1 NN control

32.  load voltage and current for full load and 0.8 PF lagging Under
structure 2 NN control

33. Hardware Configuration
Digital trigger
signal generator
circuit
Buffer
circuit
Matching
circuit
Power
circuit
Isolator
circuit
The block and circuit diagram for the proposed practical inverter circuit

34. Practical PWM Inverter Circuit

35.  PWM Inverter Trigger circuit Results
Output PWM waveform of
microcontroller one and two
Output PWM waveform of
drive circuit one and three
Practical Results

36.  Output Inverter Results
PWM output voltage and filter load voltage at no load
Practical Results
PWM output voltage and filter load voltage at full load

37.  Experimental work also gave good results and waveform, and this
emphasizes the successful PWM data taken from simulation.
 Using the unipolar SPWM control technique provides the preferred
method for low THD and DF as well as reduces switching losses
 The simulation of the closed loop SPWM inverter control with the
multiple loop PI control further optimizes the tracking performance
with the fast dynamic response and robustness in the presence of the
large dc input variation or transient loading condition, as well as
reduces the THD of output voltage and current.
 The simulation of the closed loop SPWM inverter control with
structure one or two NN gave good results under all loading
conditions, very fast dynamic response, low THD and very small steady
state error, and this emphasizes the reality of using Backpropagation
neural network.
 The structure two NN is better than structure one NN and it is also
better than PI control, because it give the same results with using only
voltage sensor, and this will decrease the inverter cost and complexity.

38.  Applying fuzzy logic control to the same
system.
 Implementing the simulated closed loop NN
practically.
 Using DSP control technique to control the
output voltage of single-phase PWM inverter.
 Applying the same control strategy with three-
phase system inverter.