We are interested in overall biodiversity utilization patterns. For this we are looking to explore data on the utilization patterns of crops. For this endeavor we need to first look at the local saags of West Bengal and then local medicinal plants. Here is a presentation to put these focussed goals in perspective and also to provide a roadmap to overall research in this direction.
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB)ijabjournal
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Biology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Biological sciences and applications.
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB)ijabjournal
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Biology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Biological sciences and applications.
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB)ijabjournal
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Biology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Biological sciences and applications.
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB)ijabjournal
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Biology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Biological sciences and applications.
Publication of the research work is necessary and important part in scientific society. It helps the new researchers as it provides the information about the introduction of new knowledge, discussion of previous work, new hypothesis or ideas. These invitations or discoveries open the new way to the new researchers. For the publication of their research work the new researchers seeks many journals having the scope and similar interest to his work for easy publication.
The good reputed journals having good impact factors have strict rules related to ethical, special permission from the institution or previous authors of published work. They have their own way to style that the author should have to follow. The proper citation in the text and at the reference list, list of tables and figures, or sometime audio or video are also attached with the manuscript, while doing all these process the authors should have to follow the rules and regulation of the journals from the instructions to the authors.
The authorship problem should be solve before sending the manuscript to the journal. All the authors should agree about the sequence in the manuscript. If the addition or change in the sequence, then the correspondent should have to ask or have legal permission form them to have problem in future. The undertaking form is also designed to solve this problem and different journals have their own style as some journals preferred to sign only by the correspondent but some required to sign all the authors in a sequence like in the manuscript in addition to the signature of the correspondent.
For the submission some journals preferred to email directly to the editor but mostly the journals ask to register and login. They gave a unique tracking id for the paper to check the status of your time from time to time. It is better to provide the ORCID iD and now it is the requirement of most of the international journals to provide the ORCID iD if not registered then sign and register on the provided links provided in the journal.
To avoid the plagiarism, the authors should have to rephrase the sentences used from the previous literature or have legal permission to use any data, table or figure by the publisher or authors of that paper. All the authors should have confidential their data before publication in the submitted journal.
When the author received their galley proof then should check at the last time very clearly to find the mistakes, mostly the spelling.
In this webinar we introduce you to the workflows supported by Embase, describe the benefits of Embase content and coverage and show you how you may utilize deep drug indexing to pinpoint and track biomedical information.
PAPER SUBMISSION - JANUARY ISSUE - Bioscience & Engineering: An International...bioejjournal
Bioscience & Engineering: An International Journal (BIOEJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of Bioscience, Bioengineering and Applications. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Bioscience & Engineering.
This journal aims to bring together researchers and practitioners in all Bioscience & Engineering aspects, including (but not limited to)
20191219 finding articles for your researchyunhee shim
Library teaching session, 2hr "finding articles for your research"
How to find out academic articles with library resources.
SNUL(Seoul National University Library), Research Support Team,
This presentation was provided by Alberto Pepe of Authorea, during the NISO hot topic event "Preprints." The virtual conference was held on April 21, 2021.
Elsevier is a global information analytics business that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance for the benefit of humanity. Elsevier provides digital solutions and tools in the areas of strategic research management, R&D performance, clinical decision support, and professional education; including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scival, ClinicalKey and Sherpath. Elsevier publishes over 2,500 digitized journals, including The Lancet and Cell, more than 35,000 e-book titles and many iconic reference works, including Gray’s Anatomy. Elsevier is part of RELX Group, a global provider of information and analytics for professionals and business customers across industries. www.elsevier.com
About Reaxys
Reaxys retrieves literature, compound properties and chemical reaction data faster than any other solution and, together with RMC, offers pharma companies a ‘one stop shop’ chemistry ecosystem thanks to its integration capabilities, innovative APIs, and bioactivity data. The Reaxys platform contains over 240 years of unparalleled chemistry content, including: 119 million organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds, 46 million chemical reactions, 500 million published experimental facts, 16,000 chemistry related periodicals, and six indexing sources for a cross-disciplinary view of chemistry. RMC offers access to data from a vast repository of peer-reviewed journal articles and patents and is interoperable with Reaxys. https://www.elsevier.com/en-gb/solutions/reaxys
International Journal of BioAnalytical Methods & BioEquivalence Studies (IJBM...Scidoc Publishers
International Journal of BioAnalytical Methods & BioEquivalence Studies (IJBMBS) ISSN 2470-4490 is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, wherein publication related to high-impact research articles contributes on the fundamental and applied topics of analytical and bioanalytical science including chromatography, biomedical & pharmaceutical analysis, clinical therapeutics to various toxicology measures. IJBMBS publishes high quality papers, critical reviews, trend articles, rapid communications, original papers, research letters and case reports.
Corrosion Assignment - Virtual High School (VHS) - SCH4UMichael Taylor
Corrosion Assignment
After reviewing the issues and opinions posted in the discussion forum by your
peers and receiving feedback from your teacher, write an opinion paper that will
show you have thoroughly researched and reflected on the issue you chose to
explore.
Be sure to include in your paper a discussion of how these substances are used
by industry to prevent corrosion. Provide examples wherever possible. Note on Writing In Science
All information and relevant data are to be included in a logically sequenced manner. In your writing, it is important to use appropriate writing style, tone, and scientific terminology. Conduct your research using reliable, peer reviewed and industry sources and ensure that sources listed in your reference list are directly related to information presented in your paper. Use the appropriate referencing style for science to cite your sources. For more information, see the page titled “References” in the Scientific Skills and Formatting module of the Introduction unit in your course.
This presentation was provided by Leslie McIntosh of Ripeta, during the NISO hot topic event "Preprints." The virtual conference was held on April 21, 2021.
This is a presentation given at the Opal Events meeting ""Drug Discovery Partnerships: Filling the Pipeline". I was speaking in a session with Jean-Claude Bradley regarding "Pre-competitive Collaboration: Sharing Data to Increase Predictability". This presentation discussed some of the work we are doing on Open PHACTS. My thanks especially to Carole Goble, Lee Harland and Sean Ekins for their comments.
OMICS Publishing Group, Journal of Bioprocessing and Biotechniques explicates the latest technological developments of the researchers on techniques of bioprocessing in the field of biotechnology, and the contents of the journal are designed specifically for technical professionals in process where it acts as a key for various emerging industries and technologies.
Publication of the research work is necessary and important part in scientific society. It helps the new researchers as it provides the information about the introduction of new knowledge, discussion of previous work, new hypothesis or ideas. These invitations or discoveries open the new way to the new researchers. For the publication of their research work the new researchers seeks many journals having the scope and similar interest to his work for easy publication.
The good reputed journals having good impact factors have strict rules related to ethical, special permission from the institution or previous authors of published work. They have their own way to style that the author should have to follow. The proper citation in the text and at the reference list, list of tables and figures, or sometime audio or video are also attached with the manuscript, while doing all these process the authors should have to follow the rules and regulation of the journals from the instructions to the authors.
The authorship problem should be solve before sending the manuscript to the journal. All the authors should agree about the sequence in the manuscript. If the addition or change in the sequence, then the correspondent should have to ask or have legal permission form them to have problem in future. The undertaking form is also designed to solve this problem and different journals have their own style as some journals preferred to sign only by the correspondent but some required to sign all the authors in a sequence like in the manuscript in addition to the signature of the correspondent.
For the submission some journals preferred to email directly to the editor but mostly the journals ask to register and login. They gave a unique tracking id for the paper to check the status of your time from time to time. It is better to provide the ORCID iD and now it is the requirement of most of the international journals to provide the ORCID iD if not registered then sign and register on the provided links provided in the journal.
To avoid the plagiarism, the authors should have to rephrase the sentences used from the previous literature or have legal permission to use any data, table or figure by the publisher or authors of that paper. All the authors should have confidential their data before publication in the submitted journal.
When the author received their galley proof then should check at the last time very clearly to find the mistakes, mostly the spelling.
In this webinar we introduce you to the workflows supported by Embase, describe the benefits of Embase content and coverage and show you how you may utilize deep drug indexing to pinpoint and track biomedical information.
PAPER SUBMISSION - JANUARY ISSUE - Bioscience & Engineering: An International...bioejjournal
Bioscience & Engineering: An International Journal (BIOEJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of Bioscience, Bioengineering and Applications. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Bioscience & Engineering.
This journal aims to bring together researchers and practitioners in all Bioscience & Engineering aspects, including (but not limited to)
20191219 finding articles for your researchyunhee shim
Library teaching session, 2hr "finding articles for your research"
How to find out academic articles with library resources.
SNUL(Seoul National University Library), Research Support Team,
This presentation was provided by Alberto Pepe of Authorea, during the NISO hot topic event "Preprints." The virtual conference was held on April 21, 2021.
Elsevier is a global information analytics business that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance for the benefit of humanity. Elsevier provides digital solutions and tools in the areas of strategic research management, R&D performance, clinical decision support, and professional education; including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scival, ClinicalKey and Sherpath. Elsevier publishes over 2,500 digitized journals, including The Lancet and Cell, more than 35,000 e-book titles and many iconic reference works, including Gray’s Anatomy. Elsevier is part of RELX Group, a global provider of information and analytics for professionals and business customers across industries. www.elsevier.com
About Reaxys
Reaxys retrieves literature, compound properties and chemical reaction data faster than any other solution and, together with RMC, offers pharma companies a ‘one stop shop’ chemistry ecosystem thanks to its integration capabilities, innovative APIs, and bioactivity data. The Reaxys platform contains over 240 years of unparalleled chemistry content, including: 119 million organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds, 46 million chemical reactions, 500 million published experimental facts, 16,000 chemistry related periodicals, and six indexing sources for a cross-disciplinary view of chemistry. RMC offers access to data from a vast repository of peer-reviewed journal articles and patents and is interoperable with Reaxys. https://www.elsevier.com/en-gb/solutions/reaxys
International Journal of BioAnalytical Methods & BioEquivalence Studies (IJBM...Scidoc Publishers
International Journal of BioAnalytical Methods & BioEquivalence Studies (IJBMBS) ISSN 2470-4490 is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, wherein publication related to high-impact research articles contributes on the fundamental and applied topics of analytical and bioanalytical science including chromatography, biomedical & pharmaceutical analysis, clinical therapeutics to various toxicology measures. IJBMBS publishes high quality papers, critical reviews, trend articles, rapid communications, original papers, research letters and case reports.
Corrosion Assignment - Virtual High School (VHS) - SCH4UMichael Taylor
Corrosion Assignment
After reviewing the issues and opinions posted in the discussion forum by your
peers and receiving feedback from your teacher, write an opinion paper that will
show you have thoroughly researched and reflected on the issue you chose to
explore.
Be sure to include in your paper a discussion of how these substances are used
by industry to prevent corrosion. Provide examples wherever possible. Note on Writing In Science
All information and relevant data are to be included in a logically sequenced manner. In your writing, it is important to use appropriate writing style, tone, and scientific terminology. Conduct your research using reliable, peer reviewed and industry sources and ensure that sources listed in your reference list are directly related to information presented in your paper. Use the appropriate referencing style for science to cite your sources. For more information, see the page titled “References” in the Scientific Skills and Formatting module of the Introduction unit in your course.
This presentation was provided by Leslie McIntosh of Ripeta, during the NISO hot topic event "Preprints." The virtual conference was held on April 21, 2021.
This is a presentation given at the Opal Events meeting ""Drug Discovery Partnerships: Filling the Pipeline". I was speaking in a session with Jean-Claude Bradley regarding "Pre-competitive Collaboration: Sharing Data to Increase Predictability". This presentation discussed some of the work we are doing on Open PHACTS. My thanks especially to Carole Goble, Lee Harland and Sean Ekins for their comments.
OMICS Publishing Group, Journal of Bioprocessing and Biotechniques explicates the latest technological developments of the researchers on techniques of bioprocessing in the field of biotechnology, and the contents of the journal are designed specifically for technical professionals in process where it acts as a key for various emerging industries and technologies.
Angiosperms are the flowering plants also known as Magnoliophyta. The botanical term "Angiosperm" meaning ‘bottle or vessel’ is derived from the ancient Greek. These are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants and the distinguished features of angiosperms over gymnosperms are angiosperms bear flowers, endosperm within the seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seed. According to the botanists the flowering plants diversified and widespread 120 million years ago. The classification of the flowering plants also has a long history.
In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group resulting large number of systems. Different systems and their updates were generally favored in different countries. Bentham and Hooker’s system was popular in the Britain and the Engler’s system was famous in the Europe etc. These systems were introduced before the availability of genetic evidences and angiosperms were classified using their morphology and biochemistry. After the 1980’s genetic evidences were available and phylogenetic methods came into the classification procedures.
In the late 1990s, an informal group of researchers from major institutions worldwide came together and they established the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The objective was to provide a widely accepted and more stable point of reference for angiosperm classification. APG I was published in 1998 as their first attempt in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The initial 1998 paper by the APG made angiosperms the first large group of organisms to be systematically re-classified primarily on the basis of genetic characteristics. The group emphasized the need for a classification system for angiosperms at the level of families, orders and above. The existed systems are rejected is because they are not phylogenetically classified. The outline of a phylogenetic tree of all flowering plants became established and several well supported major clades involving many families of flowering plants were identified. The new knowledge of phylogeny revealed relationships in conflict with the then widely used modern classifications.
The principles of APG system are retaining the Linnean system of orders and families, Use of monophyletic groups (Consist of all descendants of a common ancestor), taking a broad approach to defining the limits of groups such as orders and families and use of term ‘clades’ above or parallel to the level of orders and families. A major outcome of the classification is the disappearance of the traditional division of the flowering plants into two groups, which are monocots and dicots.
Even though there are several controversies about APG the botanists worldwide are influenced by the concept and are currently practice the system.
Biodiversity informatics and the agricultural data landscapeCyndy Parr
Introductory talk of a symposium on Agrobiodiversity informatics at the 2016 annual meeting of the Biodiversity Information Standards. Begins with an overview of the symposium and its speakers, and then launches into my talk.
Marco Brandizi and Keywan Hassani-Pak, Rothamsted Research, Invited Presentation at SWAT4HCLS 2022.
FAIR data principles are being a driving force in life sciences and other scientific domains, helping researchers to share their data and free all of their potential to integrate information and do novel discoveries. Knowledge graphs are an ever more popular paradigm to model data according to such principles, and technologies such as graph databases are emerging as complementary to approaches like linked data. All of this includes the agronomy, farming and food domains. How advanced the adoption of sound data management policies is in these life domains? How does that compare to other life sciences? In this presentation, we will talk about our practical experience, focusing on KnetMiner, a gene and molecular biology discovering platform, which is based on building and publishing knowledge graphs according to the FAIR principles, as well as using a mix of linked data standards for life sciences and recent graph database and API technologies. We will welcome questions and discussions from the audience about similar experience.
Quantitative analysis of different soil microbial communities (Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes) responsible for various biological processes and nutrient cycling (C, N and P) in terrestrial ecosystems.
Monitoring CH4, N2O and CO2 emission from rice and rice based cropping system and work out appropriate mitigation option.
Enumeration and isolation of GHG-mobilizing microbes (methanogens, methanotrophs, nitrifiers and denitrifiers).
Evaluation of the interactive effects of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O), temperature, hydrological and microbiological relations on soil carbon decomposition and nutrient release, and their impact on climate change.
I have created a brief presentation on how to fix problems of pandemics, such as Covid-19. Obviously, several more things, such as healthcare policy, immigration, and vaccination could have been covered but here are issues which few are focusing on and are immediate fixes.
Understanding the network of Eurozone crises so that nodes of crises can be analyzed. We are interested in both financial and non-financial factors that are deepening the European crises.
Analyzing the network structure of business of India. What are the factors holding back Indian business, making it unstable or providing it stability and propelling it?
Intro slides for people working from home on epidemiology.
For people working from home (off-site), we are conducting epidemiological studies on various neurological disorders. This project entails putting together data of age, gender, ethnicity, economic background, disease prevalence, disease penetration, known pre-disposal factors, genetic susceptibility, environment factor and even establishing the lack of data in some countries. In this project, researchers would have to rely on UN agencies data, peer reviewed material, Govt. data (if reliable) and put them first in excel sheets. After compiling data from various sources in a double blind way (2 teams not aware of each other), the next task would be of data analysis and data visualization, followed by manuscript preparation. For introduction on data visualization, data analysis and paper writing, please check our other links.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
Agricultural and medicinal data
1. Motivation of the project
Biodiversity of Bengal and its utilization patterns.
Both cultivated, uncultivated, wild and domesticated flora
and fauna.
Changing dynamics with development of a region and
interaction with abiotic factors.
2. Overall Scheme of study
Finding the kinds of
plants growing in
wild, near roadside,
garden and near
fields.
Prey, predator,
parasitic and disease
interactions.
Select areas
Density,
Interacting plants,
animals
Soil pH, temp,
oxygenation, organic
matter,
Trash,
Fertilizer
Native extant and
extinct varieties
Major carbon
sources and sinks
Material and Nutrient
cycling
Finding animals and
their distribution
Plant and animal
resources imported
to this area.
Meta-analysis of published
data on organisms and
abiotic factors identified
Computational and specifically AI approaches
Smart policy
3. Overall Scheme of study
Finding the kinds of
plants growing in
wild, near roadside,
garden and near
fields.
Prey, predator,
parasitic and disease
interactions.
Select areas
Density,
Interacting plants,
animals
Soil pH, temp,
oxygenation, organic
matter,
Trash,
Fertilizer
Native extant and
extinct varieties
Major carbon
sources and sinks
Material and Nutrient
cycling
Finding animals and
their distribution
Plant and animal
resources imported
to this area.
Meta-analysis of published
data on organisms and
abiotic factors identified
Computational and specifically AI approaches
Smart policy
Your role
5. Ex: Topics to be covered for saags
Family name of the saag
Scientific name of the saag
Common name of the saag
Distribution in Bengal
Distribution in India
Distribution in the world
Macronutrients present
Micronutrients present
6. Contd.
Season in which it grows
Life span of the saag
Altitude in which it grows
Humidity tolerance
Climate Preference
Soil type
pH range in which it grows
Storage pattern
7. Contd.
Edible parts
Pest Resistance
Metal Accumulation Pattern
Stress tolerance ability
Traditional medical use of the saag
Modern medical use of the saag
Uses/Economic importance of the saag
13. •Avoid collecting data from websites/blogs.
•If research papers are unavailable then data can be
collected from government websites.
D) Read the paper thoroughly
E) Extract the data given in research paper/ article
F) Put the data in excel sheet
NOTE
15. Go to google scholar/Pubmed/Google
Do extensive search of desired topic
(Key words should be appropriate)
SUMMARY
Download the desired research paper or research
article
Read it thoroughly and understand
16. Extract the data given in research paper/
article
Put the data in excel sheet
Add the reference and cite it properly
Contd.
Visualize and plot data in the best possible format
17. Timeline
General reading on topic by team until
June 20th.
Finalizing parameters to quantify on
June 21st.
Double bind collection of facts on saags
and medicinal plants by team from June
22nd to July 31st.
August; Two teams: 1)Creation of private
data base 2)Quantitation, analysis and
visualization of data.
September paper writing and
submission.