Intro to Aggregate Demand content slideshow. Designed for the Economic A level qualification. Can be used in revision and in class.
Subtopics:
Characteristics of AD
The AD curve
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what 'Inflation' and 'Deflation' means.
- Differentiate between Inflation and deflation internal and external causes
- Understand what 'Consumer Price Index (CPI)' means
- Realise the limitation of the CPI in forecasting the level of inflation
Intro to Aggregate Demand content slideshow. Designed for the Economic A level qualification. Can be used in revision and in class.
Subtopics:
Characteristics of AD
The AD curve
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what 'Inflation' and 'Deflation' means.
- Differentiate between Inflation and deflation internal and external causes
- Understand what 'Consumer Price Index (CPI)' means
- Realise the limitation of the CPI in forecasting the level of inflation
This gives u a clear idea about Inflation and its measures to control such factors which causes inflation and Phillips curve which explains an inverse relationship between income and unemployment that prevail in the economy.
This gives u a clear idea about Inflation and its measures to control such factors which causes inflation and Phillips curve which explains an inverse relationship between income and unemployment that prevail in the economy.
This presentation is used in my lecture on market equilibrium analysis(Managerial Economics-MBA). Your feedback is important for me. Thx
My other work can be seen at www.educationpyramid.com
Inflation refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time. When inflation occurs, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money. Inflation is typically measured using various economic indicators, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). These indices track the average price changes of specific baskets of goods and services over time.
In these slides we discuss about Economic Growth & Business Cycle like GDP, Real GDP, Ways of measuring GDP, GNP, Aggregate Demand and Supply, Stages and Shape of Business Cycle, Growth / Expansion, Peak / Boom, Recession, Depression
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
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Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
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USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
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Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
2. Aggregate means ‘total’ and in this case we use the
term to measure how much is being spent by all
consumers, businesses, the government and people
and firms overseas.
Aggregate demand (AD) = total spending on goods and services
The formula for calculating aggregate demand is as follows:
AD = C + I + G + (X-M)
3. Many unexpected events cause changes in the level
of demand, output and employment
1. A large rise or fall in the exchange rate – affecting
export demand and second-round effects on output,
employment, incomes and profits of businesses linked
to export industries.
2. A recession in main trading partners affecting demand
for exports of goods and services.
These events are called “shocks”. Some of the causes of AD shocks
are as follows:
SHOCKS TO AGGREGATE DEMAND
4. 3. A slump in the housing market or a big change in share
prices
4. An event such as the credit crunch (global financial
crisis) – involving a fall in the amount of credit
available for borrowing by households and businesses.
5. An unexpected cut or an unexpected rise in interest
rates or change in government taxation and spending –
for example deep cuts in government spending as part
of fiscal austerity
5. These shocks will bring about a shift in the aggregate demand curve
The AD curve shows the relationship between the general price
level and real GDP
TH E A GGR EGATE D EMA N D C U RVE
6. There are several explanations for an inverse relationship between AD
and the price level in an economy:
AGGREGATE DEMAND AND THE PRICE LEVEL
1. Falling real incomes: As the price level rises, the real value of
people’s incomes fall and consumers are less able to buy the
items they want or need. If over the course of a year all prices
rose by 10 per cent while your money income remained the
same, your real income would have fallen by 10%
7. 3. Interest rate effect: if the price level rises, this causes inflation
and an increase in the demand for money and a possible rise in
interest rates with a deflationary effect on the economy. This
assumes that the central bank (in our case the RBI) is setting
interest rates in order to meet a specified inflation target.
2. The balance of trade: A persistent rise in the price of level of
Country X could make foreign-produced goods and services
cheaper in price terms, causing a fall in exports and a rise in
imports. This will lead to a reduction in net trade and a
contraction in AD
8. A change in the factors affecting any one or more components of aggregate
demand i.e. households (C), firms (I), the government (G) or overseas
consumers and business (X) changes planned spending and results in a
shift in the AD curve.
SHIFTS IN THE AD CURVE
9.
10. FACTORS CAUSING A SHIFT IN AD
CHANGES IN EXPECTATIONS
(Current spending is affected by anticipated income and inflation)
CHANGES IN MONETARY POLICY
i.e. a change in interest rates
When confidence falls, we see an increase in saving and businesses
postpone investment projects because of worries over weak demand
and lower expected profits.
If interest rates fall – this lowers the cost of borrowing and the
incentive to save, encouraging consumption & investment
11. CHANGES IN FISCAL POLICY
Fiscal Policy refers to changes in government spending, taxation and
borrowing
ECONOMIC EVENTS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
International factors such as the exchange rate and foreign income
Income tax affects disposable income e.g. lower income tax raises
disposable income and should boost consumption.
A budget deficit is a net injection of aggregate demand
A depreciation in a currency makes imports dearer and exports
cheaper - the net result should be that INDIA’S AD rises
An increase in overseas incomes raises demand for exports.
In contrast a recession in a major export market will lead to a fall in
exports and an inward shift of aggregate demand.
12. CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLD WEALTH
CHANGES IN THE SUPPLY OF CREDIT
Changing share and property prices affect the level of wealth
Declining asset prices can hit confidence / a fall in expectations
The availability of credit is vital for the smooth functioning of
most modern economies
Many banks and other lenders are now more reluctant to lend.
Interest rates on different loans have become more expensive