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Age-Period-Cohort Analysis ppt.pptx
- 1. Age, Period & Cohort Effects Analysis of age, birth, cohort & period effects SBPM Makkah 1st Oct, 2023
- 19. Cohort effects In epidemiology, a cohort effect is conceptualized as an interaction or effect modification due to a period effect that is differentially experienced through age-specific exposure or susceptibility to that event or cause.
- 20. Cohort effect as an effect modification In epidemiology, sociological literature consider cohort effect as a structural factor representing the sum of all unique exposures experienced by the cohort from birth. In this case, age and period effect are conceived as confounders of cohort effect and APC analysis aims to separate the independent effect of age, period and cohort. Most of the APC analysis strategies are based on the sociological model of cohort effect, conceptualize independent effect of age, period and cohort effect.
- 21. Detecting Cohort Effects Cohort effects are a special interaction of age and period. The three effects are interrelated. Once two are specified the third is determined by the other two Cohort effects are often hard to detect because analysis is usually by age and period. Cohort effects are usually seen as an elevated risk which changes with age over time
- 22. Exercise
- 23. Deafness In Australia AGE 1911 1921 1933 0-4 16 17 11 5-9 59 72 95 10-14 111 86 89 15-19 64 57 141 20-24 65 117 98 25-29 60 59 69 30-34 54 67 140 35-39 57 62 71 Do you see the birth cohort effect in these data?
- 24. 1- The data show a peak in deafness among 10-14 years olds in 1911 2- among 20-24 year olds in 1921 3- among 30-34 year olds in 1933. This is clearly the same cohort that is aging. Later research showed that a rubella epidemic took place in Australia at the same time that this cohort was in utero. The effects of congenital rubella infection in causing sensori-neural hearing loss were not discovered until decades later, but these data were early evidence of the effects of the epidemic.
- 25. Deafness In Australia AGE 1911 1921 1933 0-4 16 17 11 5-9 59 72 95 10-14 111 86 89 15-19 64 57 141 20-24 65 117 98 25-29 60 59 69 30-34 54 67 140 35-39 57 62 71 Do you see the birth cohort effect in these data?