1) The document presents an argument that affinity, represented by the variable "a", is a superior metric to the half-saturation constant "Ks" for modeling nutrient uptake kinetics in aquatic systems. Affinity separates the traits relevant for uptake at high versus low nutrient concentrations in a clearer way.
2) Analysis of multiple data sets shows relationships between maximum uptake rate (Vmax) and affinity, but these relationships do not necessarily indicate a physiological trade-off as relationships between Vmax and Ks had been interpreted. In some cases there was a strong positive correlation between Vmax and affinity.
3) Adopting affinity over Ks allows models to be more easily tuned and better reveals relationships between kinetic parameters,
Affinity: the meaningful trait-based alternative to the half-saturation constantLanimal
1) The document discusses two common equations used to model nutrient uptake rates: the affinity-based equation and the Michaelis-Menten/Monod equation.
2) While the equations appear different, they actually describe the same curve relationship between uptake rate and nutrient concentration.
3) The key difference is that the affinity-based equation defines competitive ability using the parameter "a", whereas the Michaelis-Menten equation uses the "Ks" parameter. However, "a" and "Ks" are mathematically related.
Apresentação do professor Pedro Grande, da seção UFRGS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfície. Palestra convidada do Simpósio Engenharia de Superfície do X Encontro da SBPMAT. Realizada no dia 26 de setembro de 2011 em Gramado (RS).
Phylogeny and uncertainty in analyses of life spanOwen Jones
This document summarizes a study that analyzed lifespan data for over 200 bird species while accounting for various issues with the data. The study developed a state-space regression model that uses Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to simultaneously estimate coefficients, phylogenetic signal, true lifespans accounting for censoring and truncation in the data, and the degree of sample size effects. The results showed that the maximum observed lifespan data from the British Trust for Ornithology underestimates lifespan for many species, with the degree of underestimation increasing with greater reproductive effort.
Death and uncertainty: Bayesian modeling of the association between life span...Owen Jones
This document summarizes a study that used Bayesian modeling to analyze the relationship between lifespan and reproductive investment in birds while accounting for phylogenetic relationships and data issues. The study developed a state-space model that estimates coefficients, phylogenetic signal, true responses, and error using MCMC. The model found lifespan is moderately associated with body weight and reproductive effort. It also found BTO data underestimates lifespan for many species and that the method of phylogenetic correction is important.
Study of Metadynamic Recrystallization Phenomena in Coarse Grained Nb Microal...Pello Uranga
This study examines metadynamic recrystallization in coarse-grained Nb microalloyed austenite steel. There is a transition between static and metadynamic recrystallization between the critical strain εc and transition strain εT = 2.2εc. Below εc only static recrystallization occurs. Between εc and εT both static and metadynamic recrystallization contribute to softening. Above εT only metadynamic recrystallization occurs. A new model was developed that considers the contributions of both static and metadynamic recrystallization between εc and εT. The model predictions matched experimental validations
This document provides an overview of regression analysis and the steps involved in building a regression model to predict property values. It discusses the history of regression, uses of regression, and key components like the dependent and independent variables. The document walks through exploring the data, specifying the model, running regression, and interpreting the results. It shows how adding additional relevant variables like size, land size, age, and quality can improve the predictive power of the model. Transforming categorical variables is also discussed. The goal is to create a model that explains as much of the variation in sales prices as possible.
TALAT Lecture 3802: Physical Mechanism of SuperplasticityCORE-Materials
This lecture describes in general the physical mechanism of superplasticity and the microstructural changes which accompany superplastic forming. General background in production engineering and material science is assumed.
Affinity: the meaningful trait-based alternative to the half-saturation constantLanimal
1) The document discusses two common equations used to model nutrient uptake rates: the affinity-based equation and the Michaelis-Menten/Monod equation.
2) While the equations appear different, they actually describe the same curve relationship between uptake rate and nutrient concentration.
3) The key difference is that the affinity-based equation defines competitive ability using the parameter "a", whereas the Michaelis-Menten equation uses the "Ks" parameter. However, "a" and "Ks" are mathematically related.
Apresentação do professor Pedro Grande, da seção UFRGS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfície. Palestra convidada do Simpósio Engenharia de Superfície do X Encontro da SBPMAT. Realizada no dia 26 de setembro de 2011 em Gramado (RS).
Phylogeny and uncertainty in analyses of life spanOwen Jones
This document summarizes a study that analyzed lifespan data for over 200 bird species while accounting for various issues with the data. The study developed a state-space regression model that uses Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to simultaneously estimate coefficients, phylogenetic signal, true lifespans accounting for censoring and truncation in the data, and the degree of sample size effects. The results showed that the maximum observed lifespan data from the British Trust for Ornithology underestimates lifespan for many species, with the degree of underestimation increasing with greater reproductive effort.
Death and uncertainty: Bayesian modeling of the association between life span...Owen Jones
This document summarizes a study that used Bayesian modeling to analyze the relationship between lifespan and reproductive investment in birds while accounting for phylogenetic relationships and data issues. The study developed a state-space model that estimates coefficients, phylogenetic signal, true responses, and error using MCMC. The model found lifespan is moderately associated with body weight and reproductive effort. It also found BTO data underestimates lifespan for many species and that the method of phylogenetic correction is important.
Study of Metadynamic Recrystallization Phenomena in Coarse Grained Nb Microal...Pello Uranga
This study examines metadynamic recrystallization in coarse-grained Nb microalloyed austenite steel. There is a transition between static and metadynamic recrystallization between the critical strain εc and transition strain εT = 2.2εc. Below εc only static recrystallization occurs. Between εc and εT both static and metadynamic recrystallization contribute to softening. Above εT only metadynamic recrystallization occurs. A new model was developed that considers the contributions of both static and metadynamic recrystallization between εc and εT. The model predictions matched experimental validations
This document provides an overview of regression analysis and the steps involved in building a regression model to predict property values. It discusses the history of regression, uses of regression, and key components like the dependent and independent variables. The document walks through exploring the data, specifying the model, running regression, and interpreting the results. It shows how adding additional relevant variables like size, land size, age, and quality can improve the predictive power of the model. Transforming categorical variables is also discussed. The goal is to create a model that explains as much of the variation in sales prices as possible.
TALAT Lecture 3802: Physical Mechanism of SuperplasticityCORE-Materials
This lecture describes in general the physical mechanism of superplasticity and the microstructural changes which accompany superplastic forming. General background in production engineering and material science is assumed.
1. El documento describe varios proyectos ambiciosos para estudiar el cerebro humano a través de enfoques interdisciplinarios como la neurociencia computacional, incluyendo los proyectos Blue Brain, Cajal Blue Brain y Human Brain Project.
2. Los proyectos buscan crear modelos funcionales del cerebro utilizando supercomputadoras para comprender mejor su funcionamiento a través de la ingeniería inversa.
3. El proyecto Blue Brain creó un modelo de la columna cortical en 2006, mientras que Cajal Blue Brain y Human Brain Project son inic
Siendo muy conservador en la cifra, es posible decir que más del 50% de las enfermedades tienen una causa psicosomática. Esto no quiere decir que los síntomas no sean reales, lo son y pueden tener efectos muy graves. Pero la causa de la presencia de esos síntomas radica en que la persona vive una situación de estrés emocional intenso, que dispara por parte del cerebro toda una respuesta de adaptación fisiológica cuyos resultados experimentamos como la enfermedad.
En esta práctica aprenderemos a encontrar los eventos estresantes y desactivarlos, haciendo lo mismo con las situaciones experimentadas a lo largo de nuestra vida que nos han programado a reaccionar con estrés en el momento actual.
Más información: http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/seminarios/details/2415
Affinity: the meaningful trait-based alternative to the obsolete obfuscation ...Lanimal
The document presents an argument that affinity is a superior metric to half-saturation constant (Ks) for describing nutrient uptake rates. It shows that affinity (a) and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Ks) are mathematically related through the maximum uptake rate (Vmax), and that using affinity removes trade-offs seen when using Ks. Plots of uptake rates using the affinity-based and Michaelis-Menten equations show that the affinity formulation is less sensitive to changes in Vmax, improving parameter tuning. Data transformed from a previous study to use affinity rather than Ks shows all data points falling on a straight line with no trade-off, in contrast to the original analysis. The document concludes K
1. The document describes a study comparing two models - one using optimal uptake kinetics (SPONGE) and one using Michaelis-Menten kinetics - in simulating a multi-element ecosystem in an iron-enrichment experiment.
2. The SPONGE model allows phytoplankton to dynamically allocate their internal nutrients between uptake sites and enzymes in response to nutrient availability, while the Michaelis-Menten model uses fixed uptake parameters.
3. Both models were able to fit the in-patch data from the iron-enrichment experiment similarly well but the SPONGE model was better able to capture changes in nutrient uptake rates and ratios observed during the transition from iron-
The document summarizes a presentation on optimality-based modeling of plankton. It discusses using evolutionary principles like natural selection and fitness optimization to build dynamic models of plankton populations. These models assume plankton are well-adapted via traits that maximize growth rates. The presentation notes successes in modeling plankton foraging and primary production in this way. It also discusses challenges like incorporating both short-term acclimation and long-term evolutionary adaptation. Overall, the presentation argues that optimality-based models provide a way to account for the adaptive capacity of plankton in Earth system models.
This document discusses an organization and its members. It mentions veterans, military members, and others working together towards a goal. The document expresses optimism and enthusiasm for cooperation between the group.
Los documentos presentan resúmenes de obras musicales como los Wesendonck Lieder de Wagner, la ópera Electra de Richard Strauss, la ópera Los Hugonotes de Meyerbeer, la canción de Marietta de la ópera La ciudad muerta de Korngold, el aria "Ombra mai fu" de la ópera Serse de Händel, y los arias "Da tempeste" y "Va tacito e nascosto" de la ópera Giulio Cesare de Händel. Se describen brevemente los contextos musicales y argumentales de cada obra.
El documento describe un viaje programado para el 17 de diciembre que incluye una visita guiada a la localidad de Colmenar de Oreja, con paradas en el Museo de Ulpiano Checa, la Plaza Mayor, el túnel del Zacatín, el Teatro Antonio Diéguez y la Iglesia de Santa María la Mayor, así como una visita a una bodega local. Por la tarde se realizará un paseo por el pueblo de Chinchón antes de regresar a Tres Cantos.
El documento presenta un taller literario sobre la historia de Madrid entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, que incluye sesiones presenciales sobre varios temas como la ilustración, el romanticismo, la arquitectura y artistas de la época como Goya. También incluye visitas guiadas por la ciudad para explorar lugares y obras literarias de esos períodos.
Lan\'s Presentation at the Ocean Sciences Meeting 2010Lanimal
First, I briefly review of selected recent studies which have improved our understanding of phytoplankton through the concept of optimality. Then, I present my most recent study of the combined effects of temperature and nutrient concentrations on the rates of nutrient uptake by phytoplankton. The point is that our assumptions about the fundamental dependencies affect our interpretation of the patterns observed in field experiments.
Conferencia de la Dra. Ana María Roa, Bióloga Molecular, sobre Epigenética, impartida en la Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos el 1 de marzo de 2013.
Más información en:
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/448-conferencia-una-revision-de-los-conocimientos-fundamentales-de-la-biologia-de-la-celula-la-epigenetica
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/865-conferencia-las-vacunas
Conferencia de D. Antonio Martín, Enfermero de Atención Primaria (Tres Cantos II) y Sociólogo, sobre la necesidad de adoptar una postura madura y lógica acerca de las vacunaciones.
Conferencia impartida el 12 de marzo de 2013 en la Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos.
Más información en:
Este documento presenta información sobre la historia y cultura de la ciudad de Logroño, capital de la región de La Rioja en España. Comienza describiendo el origen del nombre Logroño y brevemente resume los períodos prehistórico, romano y medieval de la ciudad. Luego proporciona más detalles sobre la historia de Logroño durante la Edad Moderna y Contemporánea, incluidos eventos como el asedio de 1521. También menciona algunos personajes ilustres asociados con Logroño como el filósofo y teólogo
Más información en:
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/2433-conferencia-vida-y-obra-de-juan-luis-vives
Ponente: D. Andrés Acosta González, Doctor en Historia.
Tema: Conferencia sobre Juan Luis Vives, importante figura de la cultura española.
Fecha: 15 de enero de 2016
Lugar: Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
1. El documento describe varios proyectos ambiciosos para estudiar el cerebro humano a través de enfoques interdisciplinarios como la neurociencia computacional, incluyendo los proyectos Blue Brain, Cajal Blue Brain y Human Brain Project.
2. Los proyectos buscan crear modelos funcionales del cerebro utilizando supercomputadoras para comprender mejor su funcionamiento a través de la ingeniería inversa.
3. El proyecto Blue Brain creó un modelo de la columna cortical en 2006, mientras que Cajal Blue Brain y Human Brain Project son inic
Siendo muy conservador en la cifra, es posible decir que más del 50% de las enfermedades tienen una causa psicosomática. Esto no quiere decir que los síntomas no sean reales, lo son y pueden tener efectos muy graves. Pero la causa de la presencia de esos síntomas radica en que la persona vive una situación de estrés emocional intenso, que dispara por parte del cerebro toda una respuesta de adaptación fisiológica cuyos resultados experimentamos como la enfermedad.
En esta práctica aprenderemos a encontrar los eventos estresantes y desactivarlos, haciendo lo mismo con las situaciones experimentadas a lo largo de nuestra vida que nos han programado a reaccionar con estrés en el momento actual.
Más información: http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/seminarios/details/2415
Affinity: the meaningful trait-based alternative to the obsolete obfuscation ...Lanimal
The document presents an argument that affinity is a superior metric to half-saturation constant (Ks) for describing nutrient uptake rates. It shows that affinity (a) and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Ks) are mathematically related through the maximum uptake rate (Vmax), and that using affinity removes trade-offs seen when using Ks. Plots of uptake rates using the affinity-based and Michaelis-Menten equations show that the affinity formulation is less sensitive to changes in Vmax, improving parameter tuning. Data transformed from a previous study to use affinity rather than Ks shows all data points falling on a straight line with no trade-off, in contrast to the original analysis. The document concludes K
1. The document describes a study comparing two models - one using optimal uptake kinetics (SPONGE) and one using Michaelis-Menten kinetics - in simulating a multi-element ecosystem in an iron-enrichment experiment.
2. The SPONGE model allows phytoplankton to dynamically allocate their internal nutrients between uptake sites and enzymes in response to nutrient availability, while the Michaelis-Menten model uses fixed uptake parameters.
3. Both models were able to fit the in-patch data from the iron-enrichment experiment similarly well but the SPONGE model was better able to capture changes in nutrient uptake rates and ratios observed during the transition from iron-
The document summarizes a presentation on optimality-based modeling of plankton. It discusses using evolutionary principles like natural selection and fitness optimization to build dynamic models of plankton populations. These models assume plankton are well-adapted via traits that maximize growth rates. The presentation notes successes in modeling plankton foraging and primary production in this way. It also discusses challenges like incorporating both short-term acclimation and long-term evolutionary adaptation. Overall, the presentation argues that optimality-based models provide a way to account for the adaptive capacity of plankton in Earth system models.
This document discusses an organization and its members. It mentions veterans, military members, and others working together towards a goal. The document expresses optimism and enthusiasm for cooperation between the group.
Los documentos presentan resúmenes de obras musicales como los Wesendonck Lieder de Wagner, la ópera Electra de Richard Strauss, la ópera Los Hugonotes de Meyerbeer, la canción de Marietta de la ópera La ciudad muerta de Korngold, el aria "Ombra mai fu" de la ópera Serse de Händel, y los arias "Da tempeste" y "Va tacito e nascosto" de la ópera Giulio Cesare de Händel. Se describen brevemente los contextos musicales y argumentales de cada obra.
El documento describe un viaje programado para el 17 de diciembre que incluye una visita guiada a la localidad de Colmenar de Oreja, con paradas en el Museo de Ulpiano Checa, la Plaza Mayor, el túnel del Zacatín, el Teatro Antonio Diéguez y la Iglesia de Santa María la Mayor, así como una visita a una bodega local. Por la tarde se realizará un paseo por el pueblo de Chinchón antes de regresar a Tres Cantos.
El documento presenta un taller literario sobre la historia de Madrid entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, que incluye sesiones presenciales sobre varios temas como la ilustración, el romanticismo, la arquitectura y artistas de la época como Goya. También incluye visitas guiadas por la ciudad para explorar lugares y obras literarias de esos períodos.
Lan\'s Presentation at the Ocean Sciences Meeting 2010Lanimal
First, I briefly review of selected recent studies which have improved our understanding of phytoplankton through the concept of optimality. Then, I present my most recent study of the combined effects of temperature and nutrient concentrations on the rates of nutrient uptake by phytoplankton. The point is that our assumptions about the fundamental dependencies affect our interpretation of the patterns observed in field experiments.
Conferencia de la Dra. Ana María Roa, Bióloga Molecular, sobre Epigenética, impartida en la Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos el 1 de marzo de 2013.
Más información en:
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/448-conferencia-una-revision-de-los-conocimientos-fundamentales-de-la-biologia-de-la-celula-la-epigenetica
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/865-conferencia-las-vacunas
Conferencia de D. Antonio Martín, Enfermero de Atención Primaria (Tres Cantos II) y Sociólogo, sobre la necesidad de adoptar una postura madura y lógica acerca de las vacunaciones.
Conferencia impartida el 12 de marzo de 2013 en la Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos.
Más información en:
Este documento presenta información sobre la historia y cultura de la ciudad de Logroño, capital de la región de La Rioja en España. Comienza describiendo el origen del nombre Logroño y brevemente resume los períodos prehistórico, romano y medieval de la ciudad. Luego proporciona más detalles sobre la historia de Logroño durante la Edad Moderna y Contemporánea, incluidos eventos como el asedio de 1521. También menciona algunos personajes ilustres asociados con Logroño como el filósofo y teólogo
Más información en:
http://www.universidadpopularc3c.es/index.php/actividades/conferencias/event/2433-conferencia-vida-y-obra-de-juan-luis-vives
Ponente: D. Andrés Acosta González, Doctor en Historia.
Tema: Conferencia sobre Juan Luis Vives, importante figura de la cultura española.
Fecha: 15 de enero de 2016
Lugar: Universidad Popular Carmen de Michelena de Tres Cantos.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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Affinity: the meaningful trait-based alternative to the obsolete obfuscation known as the half-saturation constant
1. ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting 2012 Lake Biwa, Japan
Affinity: a clearly superior alternative
to the obsolete obfuscation known as the
‘half-saturation constant’
S. Lan Smith
Environmental Biogeochemical Cycles Research Program
Research Institute for Global Change
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology
Yokohama, Japan
S. Lan Smith Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
2. Two Equations for the Same Curve
Affinity-based Michaelis-Menten / Monod
(Button & Robertson 1989, (Michaelis & Menten 1913,
Aksnes & Egge 1991) Monod 1942, Dugdale 1967)
VmaxaS VmaxS
VAff = VMM =
Vmax + aS Ks + S
Vmax Vmax
VMM
VA
Ks
α Concentration, S Concentration, S
a is just the initial slope, Ks defines the concentration at
which rate is half-saturated.
which is determines competitive
ability at low nutrient concentrations Vmax is the maximum uptake rate.
(Healey. Micrbial Ecology 1980).
S. Lan Smith p. 2 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
3. They’re really the same shape.
Affinity-based Michaelis-Menten/ Monod
VmaxaS VmaxS
VAff = VMM =
Vmax + aS Ks + S
Affinity and Ks are related:
a = Vmax
Ks
the initial slope of the MM eq.
is a better measure of competitive
ability than either Vmax or Ks alone
(Button Deep-Sea Res. 25, 1978;
Healey Microb. Ecol. 5, 1980).
S. Lan Smith p. 3 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
4. What difference does this make?
Effect of varying only Vmax
Affinity-based equation MM / Monod equation
1.5 1.5
Rate (d-1)
Rate (d-1)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
fractional difference
fractional difference
0.4
0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
−0.2 −0.2
−0.4 −0.4
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
nutrient concentration (mol m-3) nutrient concentration (mol m-3)
S. Lan Smith p. 4 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
5. What difference does this make?
Effect of varying only Vmax
Affinity-based equation MM / Monod equation
1.5 1.5
Rate (d-1)
Rate (d-1)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
fractional difference
fractional difference
0.4
0.4
Changing Vmax has no effect at low Changing Vmax has the same effect at
0.2
nutrient concentrations. low & 0.2
high nutrient concentrations.
0.0
Model response is comparatively less Model0.0
response is more sensitive
sensitive to Vmax.
−0.2 to Vmax.
−0.2
=> Vmax & a can be tuned separately.
−0.4 => after tuning Vmax must tune Ks too.
−0.4
Easier to tune models. 10
0 5 15 This may 0 also cause poor perfor-
5 10 15
nutrient concentration (mol m-3) -3
mance nutrient concentration (mol m )
for some data assimilation
alogirthms.
S. Lan Smith p. 5 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
6. Trade-off or Not Trade-off?
from Litchman et al. (Ecology Letters 10, 2007)
per cell basis vs. per mol C basis
Fig. 1a,b of Litchman et al. (Ecol. Lett. 10:1170-1181, 2007)
But does a positive Vmax vs. Ks relationship reveal a trade-off?
Affinity, not Ks, quantifies competitive ability at low nutrients.
So, let’s transform the data: a = Vmax
Ks
S. Lan Smith p. 6 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
7. There is no Trade-off!
Positive relationship between Vmax and a
per cell basis per mol C basis
0.001 10
Vmax (μmol (μmol C)-1 d-1)
r2 = 0.92, r2 = 0.80,
Vmax (μmol cell-1 d-1) p < 0.001 1
p < 0.001
1e−05
0.1
1e−07
0.01
1e−09 0.001
1e−08 1e−06 1e−04 1e−04 0.01 1
α (L cell-1 d-1) α (L (μmol C)-1 d-1)
Data from Litchman et al. (EL 2007, Fig. 1ab),
transformed to affinity.
This constrasts with the following from Litchman et al. (2007):
“Significant positive correlations between ... Vmax and K found in our data analysis
imply inherent physiological trade-offs between these physiological traits.”
Ks is NOT a physiological trait.
S. Lan Smith p. 7 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
8. Mathematical relationship implies correlations
Vmax (μmol (μmol C)-1 d-1)
0.001 10
red dots
Vmax (mmol cell-1 d-1)
log-log 1
generated as
slope = 0.66 1e−05 independent
less steep than 0.1 Gaussian
in the data, 1e−07
variables,
slope = 2.3 0.01 same mean &
s.d. as data
1e−09 0.001
0.1 1.0 10 0.1 1.0 10
Kn (μmol L-1) Kn (μmol L-1)
red dots Vmax
transformed
a=
Kn
Vmax (μmol (μmol C)-1 d-1)
0.001 10
Vmax (mmol cell-1 d-1)
red dots log-log
generated as 1e−05
1
slope = 0.76
independent
the same as for data,
Gaussian
0.1
slope = 0.71 +/- 0.09
variables, 1e−07
0.01
same mean &
s.d. as data 1e−09 0.001
1e−08 1e−06 1e−04 1e−04 0.01 1
α (L cell-1 d-1) α (L (μmol C)-1 d-1)
S. Lan Smith p. 8 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
9. An independent data set
Dauta (Ann. Limnol. 18:263–292,1982)
measured nitrate uptake parameters for 8 species, each at various temperatures
Vmax (μg atoms N (109 cells h)-1)
200 No overall relationship between
100 Vmax & Ks
50
20
10 Anabaena cylindrica
Only 2 significant intra-species rels.
Coelastrum microsporum
5 Dictyosphaerium pulchellum
Fragillaria bidens
Transforming
Pediastrum boryanum
2 Monoraphidium minutum
Scenedesmus crassus
1 Scenedesmus quadricauda as before to
0.5 1.0
Kn (mmol
2.0
m-3)
5.0
affinity.
Vmax (μg atoms N (109 cells h)-1)
200
r2 = 0.89, Strong overall relationship between
100
p < 0.001 Vmax & a
50
Vmax
20
a=
10 Kn 4 significant intra-species rels.,
5
all positive
2
1
0.2 0.5 2.0
α
5.0 20.0 50.0
No Trade-off.
(m3 μg atoms N (mmol 109 cells h)-1)
S. Lan Smith p. 9 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
10. What does this mean in terms of the response?
Rate vs. Concentration Response
100
80
Species that compete better at low
60
nutrient concentrations also tend to
Rate
40
20
compete better at higher concentra-
0
tions.
nutrient concentration
Vmax (μg atoms N (10 cells h) )
-1
200
Strong overall relationship between
100
Vmax & a
50
9
Here the log-log slope = 0.57
20
10
5
r2 = 0.89,
2 p < 0.001
1
0.2 0.5 2.0 5.0 20.0 50.0
α No Trade-off.
(m3 μg atoms N (mmol 109 cells h)-1)
S. Lan Smith p. 10 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
11. But, Optimal Uptake kinetics is based on a trade-off : Vmax vs. a
This does NOT imply a OU kinetics predicts a shape-changing
universal negative relation- response in short-term expts., i.e., MM param-
ship between Vmax & a. eters that depend on nutrient concentration.
Trade-off Adaptive Response
This physiological 1.0
trade-off was postulated 0.8
Uptake
Rate
0.6
specifically for accli-
Vmax
0.4
0.2
mation (or adaptation) 0.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000
to ambient nutrient NO3 in incubation expts.
concentrations. α
0
-1
log KNO3
-2
Low Nutrient Conc. High Nutrient Conc. n = 61 data pts.
-3
-2.5 -1.0 0.0
Smith et al. (MEPS 2009) log NO3 (in seawater)
S. Lan Smith p. 11 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012
12. Conclusions
Affinity-based kinetics clearly separates the traits relevant at high
vs. low nutrient concentrations.
This makes it easier to tune models & interpret results,
compared to MM/Monod kinetics using Ks.
A postive relationship between Vmax & Ks does NOT necessarily
identify a trade-off.
Analyses in terms of Ks have ‘found’ trade-offs where none exist.
Affinity, a, as a trait-based quantity, more clearly and simply
reveals relationships between kinetic parameters.
Affinity is a better choice for modeling trade-offs and their impact
on large-scale biodiversity & biogeochemistry, as in e.g.,
Follows & Dutkiewicz (Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2011) & Smith et al. (L&O 2011).
Ks
S. Lan Smith p. 12 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, July 9, 2012