Continuing on describing what could be the future of nuclear industry, Gilles MATHONNIERE, economical expert at the I-tésé (CEA) explained the place of nuclear energy in 2050 and 2100 and the importance of Fast Reactors in the energy mix for electricity generation.
Ee w08.2 w_ 4. renewables and the electricity industry (climate change)Silvester Van Koten
The document discusses how subsidies for renewable energy like wind and solar can undermine emissions trading schemes. It finds that subsidizing renewables decreases the carbon price in the trading scheme, indirectly supporting more polluting technologies like coal and crowding out cleaner alternatives like natural gas. This effect is similar to a reduction in energy demand from economic recession or efficiency gains. Under an emissions cap and trade program, subsidies for renewables do not actually reduce carbon emissions on a net basis due to these unintended consequences. Energy storage and transmission infrastructure are also discussed as important to integrate more intermittent renewable resources into the grid.
Swiss energy policy follows three guiding principles: federalism, subsidiarity, and direct democracy. Switzerland has a diverse energy mix, relying on oil, hydroelectric, nuclear, and other sources for electricity. There is a projected gap between electricity supply and demand after 2020 that will require new sources like renewable energy and potential new nuclear plants, though citizens can veto energy policies through referendums. The government promotes efficiency, renewables, and large centralized plants through policies, programs, and international cooperation, mainly with the European Union.
Energy Technology Perspectives 2016 - Towards Sustainable Urban Energy SystemIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes a presentation on pathways to carbon neutrality in the Nordic region. It finds that:
1) The Nordic countries already have low carbon intensity for electricity supply, similar to projected global levels in 2039, showing they are close to decarbonizing power generation and district heating.
2) A carbon-neutral scenario analysis for the Nordic region shows emissions reductions consistent with global 2 degree scenarios, with most challenging reductions coming from demand sectors.
3) Transforming the energy system will require rapid electrification, increased system flexibility through integration of sectors like transport and heating, and utilizing proven policies while ramping up innovation and increasing self-sufficiency in biomass.
Impacts of Czech brown coal mines enlargement: assessment by energy model TIM...IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses using the TIMES-CZ energy system model to assess the impacts of possible extensions to Czech brown coal mines. Four scenarios were modeled based on territorial ecological limits (TEL) being broken to different degrees. Results showed brown coal consumption increases with more relaxed TEL but renewable energy sources can compete with nuclear power. Sensitivity analysis indicated fuel switching between hard coal and natural gas. The model will be enhanced with more detailed industry data, demand elasticity, higher time resolution and electricity storage representation.
SkyAI heat detection whitepaper: Europes plans to reduce heat wasteJoost van Oorschot
The document discusses energy usage in the EU and proposes integrating heating networks across sectors to reduce waste heat and achieve EU energy reduction targets. It describes how SkyAI uses satellite imagery and AI to detect heat losses from buildings and visualize opportunities for improvements. The heat detection solution is intended to provide actionable insights to help lower energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Towards 32% renewable energy in 2030 - French public policies for renewablesStéfan Le Dû
France's Climate Plan Seminar, 20th November 2017
French Embassy in Tokyo
Audience: representatives of Japanese government, companies, NGOS ; representatives of French energy companies in Japan
More information about the seminar: https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2017/11/21/seminaire-de-presentation-du-plan-climat-de-la-france-tokyo-novembre-2017
electricity generation in sugar factoriesRKapitonov
This document outlines Ukraine's plans and programs to increase its use of renewable energy sources like biogas and biomass. It summarizes that Ukraine aims to generate 1.06% of its electricity from renewables in 2015, 11% by 2020, and 34% by 2030. It also lists several Ukrainian government programs and policies supporting this transition. Finally, it provides details on existing renewable energy projects in Ukraine and their generation capacities.
Low-CapEx approach to synthetic transport fuels from biomass – From laborator...Ilkka Hannula
The ambitious targets of the Paris Agreement cannot be met without significant decarbonisation of the transport sector. In Europe, the revised version of the Renewable Energy Directive (REDII) will enter into force by the end of 2019 and will govern European biofuel policies during the next decade. The directive will gradually phase out unsustainable palm oil –derived biodiesel, while simultaneously creating European wide demand for “low ILUC risk” biofuels. Minimum target for low ILUC risk biofuels will be 3.6% by 2030.
In the attempt to accelerate the market introduction of low ILUC risk biofuels, VTT has developed a “Low-CapEx” concept for biomass-to-liquids (BTL) that can be realised at an intermediate scale of 100-150 MW biomass input (corresponding to 30-50 ktoe annual production of transportation fuels) with an estimated investment cost for a first-of-a-kind plant of around 200 - 300 M€. The proposed concept is suitable for non-edible lignocellulosic feedstocks and features an atmospheric steam-blown dual fluidised-bed gasifier combined with a simplified hot-gas clean-up train and a small-scale
Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis.
The pilot-scale development work was started in a national research project BTL2030 during 2016-2018, and is currently being continued in a H2020 project COMSYN. Based on Aspen Plus simulations, the overall efficiency (to both FT fuels and saleable heat) of the process is 79 – 87 % (LHV). Based on a prospective economic analysis, 1100 – 1300 €/tonne production cost is expected for a first-of-a-kind commercial plant, depending on the price of feedstock. However, significant cost reduction potential exists for subsequent plants through learning-by-doing.
We present main results from our R&D work to date, together with a roadmap on how low ILUC risk biofuels could be deployed during next decade in Europe to meet the targets set in REDII.
Ee w08.2 w_ 4. renewables and the electricity industry (climate change)Silvester Van Koten
The document discusses how subsidies for renewable energy like wind and solar can undermine emissions trading schemes. It finds that subsidizing renewables decreases the carbon price in the trading scheme, indirectly supporting more polluting technologies like coal and crowding out cleaner alternatives like natural gas. This effect is similar to a reduction in energy demand from economic recession or efficiency gains. Under an emissions cap and trade program, subsidies for renewables do not actually reduce carbon emissions on a net basis due to these unintended consequences. Energy storage and transmission infrastructure are also discussed as important to integrate more intermittent renewable resources into the grid.
Swiss energy policy follows three guiding principles: federalism, subsidiarity, and direct democracy. Switzerland has a diverse energy mix, relying on oil, hydroelectric, nuclear, and other sources for electricity. There is a projected gap between electricity supply and demand after 2020 that will require new sources like renewable energy and potential new nuclear plants, though citizens can veto energy policies through referendums. The government promotes efficiency, renewables, and large centralized plants through policies, programs, and international cooperation, mainly with the European Union.
Energy Technology Perspectives 2016 - Towards Sustainable Urban Energy SystemIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes a presentation on pathways to carbon neutrality in the Nordic region. It finds that:
1) The Nordic countries already have low carbon intensity for electricity supply, similar to projected global levels in 2039, showing they are close to decarbonizing power generation and district heating.
2) A carbon-neutral scenario analysis for the Nordic region shows emissions reductions consistent with global 2 degree scenarios, with most challenging reductions coming from demand sectors.
3) Transforming the energy system will require rapid electrification, increased system flexibility through integration of sectors like transport and heating, and utilizing proven policies while ramping up innovation and increasing self-sufficiency in biomass.
Impacts of Czech brown coal mines enlargement: assessment by energy model TIM...IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses using the TIMES-CZ energy system model to assess the impacts of possible extensions to Czech brown coal mines. Four scenarios were modeled based on territorial ecological limits (TEL) being broken to different degrees. Results showed brown coal consumption increases with more relaxed TEL but renewable energy sources can compete with nuclear power. Sensitivity analysis indicated fuel switching between hard coal and natural gas. The model will be enhanced with more detailed industry data, demand elasticity, higher time resolution and electricity storage representation.
SkyAI heat detection whitepaper: Europes plans to reduce heat wasteJoost van Oorschot
The document discusses energy usage in the EU and proposes integrating heating networks across sectors to reduce waste heat and achieve EU energy reduction targets. It describes how SkyAI uses satellite imagery and AI to detect heat losses from buildings and visualize opportunities for improvements. The heat detection solution is intended to provide actionable insights to help lower energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Towards 32% renewable energy in 2030 - French public policies for renewablesStéfan Le Dû
France's Climate Plan Seminar, 20th November 2017
French Embassy in Tokyo
Audience: representatives of Japanese government, companies, NGOS ; representatives of French energy companies in Japan
More information about the seminar: https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2017/11/21/seminaire-de-presentation-du-plan-climat-de-la-france-tokyo-novembre-2017
electricity generation in sugar factoriesRKapitonov
This document outlines Ukraine's plans and programs to increase its use of renewable energy sources like biogas and biomass. It summarizes that Ukraine aims to generate 1.06% of its electricity from renewables in 2015, 11% by 2020, and 34% by 2030. It also lists several Ukrainian government programs and policies supporting this transition. Finally, it provides details on existing renewable energy projects in Ukraine and their generation capacities.
Low-CapEx approach to synthetic transport fuels from biomass – From laborator...Ilkka Hannula
The ambitious targets of the Paris Agreement cannot be met without significant decarbonisation of the transport sector. In Europe, the revised version of the Renewable Energy Directive (REDII) will enter into force by the end of 2019 and will govern European biofuel policies during the next decade. The directive will gradually phase out unsustainable palm oil –derived biodiesel, while simultaneously creating European wide demand for “low ILUC risk” biofuels. Minimum target for low ILUC risk biofuels will be 3.6% by 2030.
In the attempt to accelerate the market introduction of low ILUC risk biofuels, VTT has developed a “Low-CapEx” concept for biomass-to-liquids (BTL) that can be realised at an intermediate scale of 100-150 MW biomass input (corresponding to 30-50 ktoe annual production of transportation fuels) with an estimated investment cost for a first-of-a-kind plant of around 200 - 300 M€. The proposed concept is suitable for non-edible lignocellulosic feedstocks and features an atmospheric steam-blown dual fluidised-bed gasifier combined with a simplified hot-gas clean-up train and a small-scale
Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis.
The pilot-scale development work was started in a national research project BTL2030 during 2016-2018, and is currently being continued in a H2020 project COMSYN. Based on Aspen Plus simulations, the overall efficiency (to both FT fuels and saleable heat) of the process is 79 – 87 % (LHV). Based on a prospective economic analysis, 1100 – 1300 €/tonne production cost is expected for a first-of-a-kind commercial plant, depending on the price of feedstock. However, significant cost reduction potential exists for subsequent plants through learning-by-doing.
We present main results from our R&D work to date, together with a roadmap on how low ILUC risk biofuels could be deployed during next decade in Europe to meet the targets set in REDII.
EWEA's report shows that in 2010, wind energy avoided as much as 28% of the EU’s Kyoto emissions reduction target, and will avoid as much as 31% of the EU-wide objective by 2020.
EWEA climate policy recommendations for the EU to 2020 include moving to a 30% domestic reduction target, tightening the emissions trading system to avoid oversupply and a low CO2 price and committing 100% of ETS auctioning revenue to finance climate mitigation. (November 2011).
European Power Generation Strategy Power Project Financing Summit Prague 1 De...weerokoster
This document provides an overview of power markets and investment opportunities in the Benelux region. It discusses the characteristics of power markets in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, including fuel sources, generation capacity, consumption, and climate/renewable energy targets. It also covers recent regional initiatives to increase cross-border integration such as the EU's Third Energy Package and the Pentalateral Forum. The regulatory frameworks and typical due diligence processes for power investments in each country are then outlined.
:Germany is concerned about climate change. Germany has always taken a proactive stance on international climate change agreements: Bonn 1995 Commitments of the government Hosting the UNFCCC Secretariat National and EU policies Current commitment: EU: 20 % emissions reductions by 2020; 20 % renewables, 20 % energy efficiency. In case of new climate agreement: 30 % reduction.
Market for Geothermal Energy in the EU and the Legal Aspects by Dr. Burkhard ...Gerd Tarand
The document summarizes the European geothermal energy market and legal framework. It discusses the EU's energy policy goals of security, competitiveness and sustainability. It outlines the growth of geothermal district heating, agriculture and power production across Europe. It also summarizes the new EU Directive on promoting renewable energy, which aims to streamline authorization processes and support smaller geothermal projects through simplified procedures.
Table-ronde sur "La relance de l'efficacité énergétique en Europe" : relancer, mais aussi financer !
Avec :
Francisco Zuloloaga
Luca Bergamaschi
Adrian Joyce
Antongiulio Marin
Michel Lepetit
Matthieu Auzanneau
Ateliers du Shift du 11 décembre 2014
Presentation on german renewable energy on 23Jasabir Arora
The document discusses Germany's transition to renewable energy sources through policies like the Renewable Energy Sources Act, which mandated that utilities purchase electricity from renewable sources at fixed, long-term prices to incentivize growth in solar, wind, and other renewable technologies; this feed-in tariff system was highly successful in dramatically increasing renewable energy capacity and generation in Germany over the last few decades.
Denmark's Policy for becoming one of the biggest markets on green energy and for converting, till 2050, the energy and transport system to one based 100% on renewable sources.
In a very optimistic lecture, Yves GIRAUD, the EDF Generation Economics & Strategy Director, then compared different electricity sources to conclude that nuclear energy will play an important role in the future.
The document discusses European coal policy and legislation. It summarizes energy reserves in different countries and the EU. Much of the existing and proposed legislation aims to reduce the environmental impact of coal, for example through emissions trading schemes and emissions limits. Representatives from the coal industry express concerns that the proposed 40% emissions reduction target and increased support for renewables will negatively impact coal.
Czech energy policy by Milan Šimoník (30.1.2016)bagmaster
This document discusses Czech energy policy and its focus on nuclear energy compared to Germany's Energiewende policy focusing on renewable energy sources (RES). It notes that the Czech government and energy company CEZ claim the country's RES potential is insufficient and new nuclear plants will be needed to avoid power shortages by 2020. However, the document argues the RES potential has not been fully utilized and presents data showing the RES potential could meet 16-42 TWh of electricity demand by 2040, eliminating the need for new nuclear plants. It advocates for a "realistic green scenario" where the Czech Republic significantly increases RES use instead of relying on nuclear energy as its primary energy strategy as envisioned in the country's energy plans.
POWER GRID BALANCING BY BIOMASS CHPs IN UKRAINESofiiaLevinska
The document discusses balancing Ukraine's power grid as more renewable energy sources like solar and wind are added. It proposes using biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plants to help balance the grid. CHPs fueled by biomass like wood chips and husks can provide baseload power and also ramp up or down output as needed to balance the intermittent output of solar and wind. The document analyzes the levelized costs of operating biomass CHPs for balancing compared to gas turbines and estimates that a "three-zone" green tariff structure could incentivize biomass plants to provide both baseload and balancing services.
Role of power to heat in the energy system of Europe – A first analysisIEA-ETSAP
This document discusses the role of power-to-heat technologies in the European energy system. It provides an overview of current EU energy and climate policies, including targets for greenhouse gas reduction, renewable energy share, and primary energy consumption by 2030. It then describes the TIMES PanEU energy system model used to analyze scenarios involving an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The modeling results show a significant increase in the use of power-to-heat technologies like electric heat pumps over time to help integrate more renewable energy and reduce emissions from heating buildings and industry. Power-to-heat helps balance the electricity system and improve overall energy efficiency and decarbonization.
NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR IMPACT TO SOCIO–ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTLuka Štrubelj
The document discusses the socio-economic impacts of the nuclear energy sector in Slovenia, the EU, and worldwide. In Slovenia, the existing nuclear power plant provides over 600 jobs and contributes over 60 million euros annually to the country's GDP. Expanding nuclear energy in Slovenia is projected to increase GDP by 500 million to 680 million euros during construction of a new plant and 100 million to 150 million euros annually during operation. In the EU, nuclear energy currently supports over 500,000 direct and indirect jobs and provides over 55 billion euros in economic value each year. Expanding nuclear energy in the EU is expected to provide thousands of new jobs and hundreds of billions of euros in investment and economic activity through 2050. Globally, nuclear power
The document summarizes the activities of the Czech RE Agency, a non-governmental organization that supports renewable energy development in the Czech Republic. The agency is involved in projects related to research and development, promotion, education and training on renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics. It also creates maps and databases to track renewable energy installations across the country and analyzes legislation and incentives to further renewable energy adoption.
Progetti Europei Horizon 2020 legati alle tecnologie CCU - Alessandra Monero ...Sardegna Ricerche
L'intervento di Alessandra Monero (RINA Consulting) in occasione dell'evento "La cattura dell’anidride carbonica ed il suo utilizzo: tecnologie ed economia per una transizione energetica sostenibile" che si è tenuto a Cagliari il 15 aprile 2019.
A renewables-based South African energy system?
Presentation at a brown-bag lunch of the Department of
Environmental Affairs
Dr. Tobias Bischof-Niemz, Head of CSIR’s Energy Centre
Pretoria, 19 May 2016
Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production in the Netherlands, presentati...nusepua
The Netherlands has ambitious targets for sustainable energy production by 2020, including 30% reduction in CO2 emissions and 20% of total energy generation from sustainable sources. To stimulate sustainable energy, the government offers subsidies through the SDE program for various renewable technologies like solar PV, wind, biomass, and hydropower. The SDE provides long-term compensation to cover above-market costs of sustainable energy production for up to 15 years. NUSEP is a non-profit organization that supports collaboration between Dutch and Ukrainian companies on projects focused on energy efficiency and sustainability.
This document discusses software for managing environmental data and compliance with various regulations. It lists greenhouse gas accounting software and environmental regulations in Australia and other countries that the software can help track and report on. It also provides an example of greenhouse gas emission data from several sample facilities that the software can aggregate and analyze at multiple organizational levels.
L'Agence Internationale de l'Energie Atomique, AIEA, avait présenté le 21 octobre 2013 au gouvernement japonais le rapport provisoire des experts chargés d'évaluer les actions de décontamination engagées autour du site de Fukushima Daiichi. Le rapport définitif vient d'être publié le 21 janvier 2014.
Les experts prennent acte des efforts et ressources considérables que le Japon consacre à la décontamination pour améliorer les conditions de vie des populations touchées par l'accident nucléaire et permettre aux personnes évacuées de rentrer chez elles. Ils soulignent les progrès importants accomplis depuis leur mission précédente d'octobre 2011, et notamment :
• La large distribution de dosimètres individuels, ce qui permet aux résidents de vérifier eux-mêmes les doses d'irradiation auxquelles ils peuvent être soumis;
• L’effort particulier de nettoyage des terrains agricoles et la mise en place de contrôles de sécurité sur les produits alimentaires, ce qui a protégé les consommateurs et leur a redonné confiance dans les produits de la ferme;
• Le programme très complet de vérification des sources d'eau douce (rivières, lacs et étangs) y compris celle des poissons sauvages ou d'élevage;
• Le dégagement des sous-bois sur une profondeur de 20 mètres à proximité des habitations, fermes ou espaces publics;
• L’aménagement de zones d'entreposage des déchets de décontamination.
La mission ne s'est pas bornée à un simple constat, et nous retiendrons deux de ses recommandations, frappées au coin du bon sens :
• En forêt, concentrer les efforts sur les zones dont la décontamination réduira le plus les doses pour le public, tout en limitant les dégâts au fonctionnement de l'écosystème;
• Renforcer les efforts pour convaincre le public qu'une dose additionnelle de 1 mSv/an, objectif à long terme, ne pourra pas être atteinte rapidement par simple décontamination. En situation post-accidentelle, une dose individuelle comprise entre 1 et 20 mSv/an est tout-à-fait acceptable, et conforme aux recommandations internationales (AIEA, OMS, CIRP et UNSCEAR).
1) The document discusses potential power source compositions in Japan in 2030 under different scenarios: status quo, abandoning dependence on nuclear power, and complete denuclearization.
2) Under the status quo scenario, nuclear power would make up 20-25% of power sources, while renewable energy would be 30-35% and thermal power 35%.
3) In a scenario abandoning nuclear dependence, nuclear power would drop to 15% while renewable energy rises to 30% and thermal power to 40%.
4) For complete denuclearization, renewable energy would increase to 35% of power sources and thermal power would be 50%, with nuclear power at 0%.
EWEA's report shows that in 2010, wind energy avoided as much as 28% of the EU’s Kyoto emissions reduction target, and will avoid as much as 31% of the EU-wide objective by 2020.
EWEA climate policy recommendations for the EU to 2020 include moving to a 30% domestic reduction target, tightening the emissions trading system to avoid oversupply and a low CO2 price and committing 100% of ETS auctioning revenue to finance climate mitigation. (November 2011).
European Power Generation Strategy Power Project Financing Summit Prague 1 De...weerokoster
This document provides an overview of power markets and investment opportunities in the Benelux region. It discusses the characteristics of power markets in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, including fuel sources, generation capacity, consumption, and climate/renewable energy targets. It also covers recent regional initiatives to increase cross-border integration such as the EU's Third Energy Package and the Pentalateral Forum. The regulatory frameworks and typical due diligence processes for power investments in each country are then outlined.
:Germany is concerned about climate change. Germany has always taken a proactive stance on international climate change agreements: Bonn 1995 Commitments of the government Hosting the UNFCCC Secretariat National and EU policies Current commitment: EU: 20 % emissions reductions by 2020; 20 % renewables, 20 % energy efficiency. In case of new climate agreement: 30 % reduction.
Market for Geothermal Energy in the EU and the Legal Aspects by Dr. Burkhard ...Gerd Tarand
The document summarizes the European geothermal energy market and legal framework. It discusses the EU's energy policy goals of security, competitiveness and sustainability. It outlines the growth of geothermal district heating, agriculture and power production across Europe. It also summarizes the new EU Directive on promoting renewable energy, which aims to streamline authorization processes and support smaller geothermal projects through simplified procedures.
Table-ronde sur "La relance de l'efficacité énergétique en Europe" : relancer, mais aussi financer !
Avec :
Francisco Zuloloaga
Luca Bergamaschi
Adrian Joyce
Antongiulio Marin
Michel Lepetit
Matthieu Auzanneau
Ateliers du Shift du 11 décembre 2014
Presentation on german renewable energy on 23Jasabir Arora
The document discusses Germany's transition to renewable energy sources through policies like the Renewable Energy Sources Act, which mandated that utilities purchase electricity from renewable sources at fixed, long-term prices to incentivize growth in solar, wind, and other renewable technologies; this feed-in tariff system was highly successful in dramatically increasing renewable energy capacity and generation in Germany over the last few decades.
Denmark's Policy for becoming one of the biggest markets on green energy and for converting, till 2050, the energy and transport system to one based 100% on renewable sources.
In a very optimistic lecture, Yves GIRAUD, the EDF Generation Economics & Strategy Director, then compared different electricity sources to conclude that nuclear energy will play an important role in the future.
The document discusses European coal policy and legislation. It summarizes energy reserves in different countries and the EU. Much of the existing and proposed legislation aims to reduce the environmental impact of coal, for example through emissions trading schemes and emissions limits. Representatives from the coal industry express concerns that the proposed 40% emissions reduction target and increased support for renewables will negatively impact coal.
Czech energy policy by Milan Šimoník (30.1.2016)bagmaster
This document discusses Czech energy policy and its focus on nuclear energy compared to Germany's Energiewende policy focusing on renewable energy sources (RES). It notes that the Czech government and energy company CEZ claim the country's RES potential is insufficient and new nuclear plants will be needed to avoid power shortages by 2020. However, the document argues the RES potential has not been fully utilized and presents data showing the RES potential could meet 16-42 TWh of electricity demand by 2040, eliminating the need for new nuclear plants. It advocates for a "realistic green scenario" where the Czech Republic significantly increases RES use instead of relying on nuclear energy as its primary energy strategy as envisioned in the country's energy plans.
POWER GRID BALANCING BY BIOMASS CHPs IN UKRAINESofiiaLevinska
The document discusses balancing Ukraine's power grid as more renewable energy sources like solar and wind are added. It proposes using biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plants to help balance the grid. CHPs fueled by biomass like wood chips and husks can provide baseload power and also ramp up or down output as needed to balance the intermittent output of solar and wind. The document analyzes the levelized costs of operating biomass CHPs for balancing compared to gas turbines and estimates that a "three-zone" green tariff structure could incentivize biomass plants to provide both baseload and balancing services.
Role of power to heat in the energy system of Europe – A first analysisIEA-ETSAP
This document discusses the role of power-to-heat technologies in the European energy system. It provides an overview of current EU energy and climate policies, including targets for greenhouse gas reduction, renewable energy share, and primary energy consumption by 2030. It then describes the TIMES PanEU energy system model used to analyze scenarios involving an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The modeling results show a significant increase in the use of power-to-heat technologies like electric heat pumps over time to help integrate more renewable energy and reduce emissions from heating buildings and industry. Power-to-heat helps balance the electricity system and improve overall energy efficiency and decarbonization.
NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR IMPACT TO SOCIO–ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTLuka Štrubelj
The document discusses the socio-economic impacts of the nuclear energy sector in Slovenia, the EU, and worldwide. In Slovenia, the existing nuclear power plant provides over 600 jobs and contributes over 60 million euros annually to the country's GDP. Expanding nuclear energy in Slovenia is projected to increase GDP by 500 million to 680 million euros during construction of a new plant and 100 million to 150 million euros annually during operation. In the EU, nuclear energy currently supports over 500,000 direct and indirect jobs and provides over 55 billion euros in economic value each year. Expanding nuclear energy in the EU is expected to provide thousands of new jobs and hundreds of billions of euros in investment and economic activity through 2050. Globally, nuclear power
The document summarizes the activities of the Czech RE Agency, a non-governmental organization that supports renewable energy development in the Czech Republic. The agency is involved in projects related to research and development, promotion, education and training on renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics. It also creates maps and databases to track renewable energy installations across the country and analyzes legislation and incentives to further renewable energy adoption.
Progetti Europei Horizon 2020 legati alle tecnologie CCU - Alessandra Monero ...Sardegna Ricerche
L'intervento di Alessandra Monero (RINA Consulting) in occasione dell'evento "La cattura dell’anidride carbonica ed il suo utilizzo: tecnologie ed economia per una transizione energetica sostenibile" che si è tenuto a Cagliari il 15 aprile 2019.
A renewables-based South African energy system?
Presentation at a brown-bag lunch of the Department of
Environmental Affairs
Dr. Tobias Bischof-Niemz, Head of CSIR’s Energy Centre
Pretoria, 19 May 2016
Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production in the Netherlands, presentati...nusepua
The Netherlands has ambitious targets for sustainable energy production by 2020, including 30% reduction in CO2 emissions and 20% of total energy generation from sustainable sources. To stimulate sustainable energy, the government offers subsidies through the SDE program for various renewable technologies like solar PV, wind, biomass, and hydropower. The SDE provides long-term compensation to cover above-market costs of sustainable energy production for up to 15 years. NUSEP is a non-profit organization that supports collaboration between Dutch and Ukrainian companies on projects focused on energy efficiency and sustainability.
This document discusses software for managing environmental data and compliance with various regulations. It lists greenhouse gas accounting software and environmental regulations in Australia and other countries that the software can help track and report on. It also provides an example of greenhouse gas emission data from several sample facilities that the software can aggregate and analyze at multiple organizational levels.
L'Agence Internationale de l'Energie Atomique, AIEA, avait présenté le 21 octobre 2013 au gouvernement japonais le rapport provisoire des experts chargés d'évaluer les actions de décontamination engagées autour du site de Fukushima Daiichi. Le rapport définitif vient d'être publié le 21 janvier 2014.
Les experts prennent acte des efforts et ressources considérables que le Japon consacre à la décontamination pour améliorer les conditions de vie des populations touchées par l'accident nucléaire et permettre aux personnes évacuées de rentrer chez elles. Ils soulignent les progrès importants accomplis depuis leur mission précédente d'octobre 2011, et notamment :
• La large distribution de dosimètres individuels, ce qui permet aux résidents de vérifier eux-mêmes les doses d'irradiation auxquelles ils peuvent être soumis;
• L’effort particulier de nettoyage des terrains agricoles et la mise en place de contrôles de sécurité sur les produits alimentaires, ce qui a protégé les consommateurs et leur a redonné confiance dans les produits de la ferme;
• Le programme très complet de vérification des sources d'eau douce (rivières, lacs et étangs) y compris celle des poissons sauvages ou d'élevage;
• Le dégagement des sous-bois sur une profondeur de 20 mètres à proximité des habitations, fermes ou espaces publics;
• L’aménagement de zones d'entreposage des déchets de décontamination.
La mission ne s'est pas bornée à un simple constat, et nous retiendrons deux de ses recommandations, frappées au coin du bon sens :
• En forêt, concentrer les efforts sur les zones dont la décontamination réduira le plus les doses pour le public, tout en limitant les dégâts au fonctionnement de l'écosystème;
• Renforcer les efforts pour convaincre le public qu'une dose additionnelle de 1 mSv/an, objectif à long terme, ne pourra pas être atteinte rapidement par simple décontamination. En situation post-accidentelle, une dose individuelle comprise entre 1 et 20 mSv/an est tout-à-fait acceptable, et conforme aux recommandations internationales (AIEA, OMS, CIRP et UNSCEAR).
1) The document discusses potential power source compositions in Japan in 2030 under different scenarios: status quo, abandoning dependence on nuclear power, and complete denuclearization.
2) Under the status quo scenario, nuclear power would make up 20-25% of power sources, while renewable energy would be 30-35% and thermal power 35%.
3) In a scenario abandoning nuclear dependence, nuclear power would drop to 15% while renewable energy rises to 30% and thermal power to 40%.
4) For complete denuclearization, renewable energy would increase to 35% of power sources and thermal power would be 50%, with nuclear power at 0%.
ArtistEngage Presentation 2: The Power Vision Ruhi Shamim
#ArtistEngage is a workshop series that Educates Artists through collaborative dialogue in order to encourage participation, action and evolution in our creative community. ...
"" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN), the American Nuclear Society (ANS) and the European Nuclear Society (ENS). It brings together nuclear scientists from all parts of the globe, through the representation of 60 regional and national nuclear associations.
The document discusses the role of nuclear power in addressing climate change. It argues that given the scale of reducing carbon emissions needed, all low-carbon energy sources including nuclear will be needed. Currently, nuclear energy accounts for 30% of low-carbon electricity but this will need to increase to 80% by 2050 to limit global warming to 2°C. Nuclear power has low carbon emissions and is an available technology that can be deployed now at scale, unlike technologies like carbon capture and storage.
Dominique MINIERE, EDF Senior Vice President, Deputy Chief Operating Officer and SFEN President, opened the 4th edition of Atoms for the Future. He welcomed the 250 participants coming from 13 countries with the very good news of the UK project which will see two EPRs being built on the Hinkley Point site. He emphasized the global need for electricity, especially in developing countries, and therefore the high potential for further nuclear development.
Anne-Marie CHOHO, the senior Executive Vice President in charge of Engineering & Projects from AREVA, exposed the impact of load follow on the design from the ‘A Mode’ in the 1970s to the ‘G Mode’ studies and its industrialization in 1995-1990, until the ‘T Mode’ developed for the EPR.
This document summarizes EDF Energy's experience with a loss of off-site power event at their Hunterston B nuclear power station in Scotland. It describes how all grid power was lost on two separate occasions during a major storm in 1998, forcing the reactors to rely on emergency diesel generators and natural circulation cooling. Operators faced many challenges in maintaining safe shutdown. As a result, EDF improved operator training for such events, enhanced on-site emergency capabilities, and implemented recommendations from a worldwide industry report on the risks of lost off-site power.
The development of clean, affordable nuclear power options is a key element of the Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap. As a part of this strategy, a high priority of the Department has been to help accelerate the timelines for the commercialization and deployment of small modular reactor (SMR) technologies through the SMR Licensing Technical Support program. Begun in FY12, the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Small Modular Reactor Licensing Technical Support program will advance the certification and licensing of domestic SMR designs that are relatively mature and can be deployed in the next decade.
More information : http://www.sfen.org/
The document discusses how nuclear energy can help enable the integration of renewable energy sources by providing flexible base load power. It makes three key points:
1. Flexible base load fleets like nuclear and coal, combined with energy storage and cogeneration, can help integrate intermittent renewables like wind and solar in a synergistic system.
2. Nuclear power plants are flexible enough to accommodate higher levels of renewables if system effects are addressed through coordinated solutions involving production, storage, and cogeneration.
3. Intermittency is a system issue that requires system solutions, primarily through the use of energy storage to balance supply and demand across the energy network.
Cédric PHILIBERT, analyst in Energy and Climate Change, IEA, provided an overview of the renewable energies development and of the associated challenges and opportunities for the power grids.
1. contraintes globales
2. la "décarbonisation" dans une perspective internationale
3. les voies de la transition énergétique en France
4. enjeux pour les politiques territoriales
The Head of Nuclear Development Division at OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Ron CAMERON, explained the impacts of nuclear energy and renewables on the network costs, using the “Energy triangle”: Security of supply, Low carbon, Affordability.
The document discusses the present perfect tense in Spanish, explaining that it is formed by combining the present form of the helping verb "haber" with a past participle, and provides examples of forming the present perfect for the verbs "estudiar", "hablar", "tomar", and "comer". It notes that some verbs like "ir" have a regular past participle formation in the present perfect tense despite being irregular in other forms.
Philippe ANGLARET, the VP Business Development for Alstom Nuclear, presented the Turbine Island with its different characteristics and very impressive pictures.
For many countries, nuclear power remains an
important option for improving energy security and
reducing the impact of volatile fossil-fuel prices. As
a stable, base-load source of electricity in an era of
ever-increasing global energy demand, nuclear power
complements other energy sources—including renewables.
And because nuclear power, together with hydropower
and wind energy, has the lowest life cycle greenhouse
gas emissions among all power generation sources, it is
crucially linked to mitigating the effects of climate change.
A clear correlation links energy poverty and real
poverty. Energy is the engine of development. In his
vision for Sustainable Energy for All, UN Secretary
General Ban Ki-moon says that “all energy sources and
technologies have roles to play in achieving universal
access in an economically, socially and environmentally
sustainable fashion.” Simply put, to provide energy
access to everyone, all forms of energy are needed.
More information : http://www.sfen.org/
Intervenant: Henri Herkelmann
thèmes: UK Government Policy Electricity Market Reform, EDF Energy’s Projects
Présentation lors d’une table ronde sur les perspectives de plusieurs pays à la convention SFEN du 4 avril 2013.
The document discusses the EU's 2030 energy and climate policy framework and the transition towards decarbonization. It provides an overview of the key targets proposed in the 2030 package, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% compared to 1990 levels, achieving a 27% renewable energy target, and assessing new energy efficiency targets. It also outlines some of the milestones in international and EU climate policies leading up to the proposed 2030 framework.
Keeping our cities sustainably warm - Inspiring the Efficient Renewal of District Heating for the Just Transition
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
KeepWarm Conference, November 12, 2020, Brussels - Online
Energy Transition in Belgium – Choices and CostsIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes modeling work done to assess energy transition scenarios for Belgium's power sector from 2016 to 2040. The modeling analyzed scenarios including a nuclear phase-out, increased renewable energy targets, and variations in natural gas and fossil fuel prices. Key results found that renewable energy expansion is necessary to meet demand but natural gas will remain important for flexibility. Annual power costs are highly sensitive to fuel prices. Extending nuclear capacity by 2GW provided only minor cost savings that did not persist in the long-run.
Wind energy projects integration in electricity grids portugal and med tso e...RCREEE
This document summarizes José Medeiros Pinto's presentation on experiences with wind farm projects in Portugal and the Mediterranean region. The presentation covers topics such as renewable energy figures in Mediterranean countries, Portugal's ranking for wind energy production, details of Portugal's electric system including growth of wind and hydro power, and planning and operational issues related to integrating renewable energy sources. Case studies are provided on methods for integrating renewable energy in Portugal and an example wind tender process. Risks associated with renewable energy forecasting and system management are also listed.
Second Stakeholder Event for the Revision of Directive (REDII) 2018/2001
Session 2 Renewable energy in Heating and Cooling, Buildings and District Heating
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
March 22, 2021, Brussels - Online
After the Fukushima accident, a national debate regarding French energy transition was launched. A policy goal of reducing nuclear electricity generation from 75% to 50% share of total generation was established. Since the year 2013, electricity consumption has stabilized in France, the share of renewable sources continues to grow and there is a high level of hydropower production. Thus, means of conventional thermal generation are rarely used. In addition, electricity generation and capacity continue to increase as the country remains a net energy exporter. This webinar analyses past, present and future of the country from an energetic point of view.
Janez Kopac, Director of the Energy Community SecretariatWEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Webinaire : Innovation et infrastructure - Moteurs de la transition energetiq...Cluster TWEED
Découvrez les opportunités liées aux innovations technologiques et nouvelles infrastructures durables initiées par la transition énergétique, par le biais des présentations du directeur du Innovation & Technology Center de l'Agence internationale pour les énergies renouvelables, et du coordinateur du programme Sustainable Cities and Settlements de la division Energy Systems and Infrastructure de l'UNIDO.
Harnessing the Potential of Power-to-Gas Technologies. Insights from a prelim...Université de Liège (ULg)
This presentation explores the potential of power-to-gaz
technologies for a deep decarbonization of our economies. A case study carried out on the Belgian energy system is discussed.
Nederland en de Energiewende | Expertmeeting 13/5 Pakhuis de ZwijgerSpringtij
Presentatie over de vertaling van de Duitse Energiewende naar Nederland met gebruikmaking van de zgn Energy Spider van Harry Lehmann.
Auteur: Tammo Oegema (coop-arc.nl/tammotoko)
Energy Research and the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses Switzerland's energy research landscape and financing. It provides an overview of the key stakeholders in Swiss energy research including government agencies, universities, and private industry. It also outlines the sources of public funding for energy research and how funding has increased over time. Additionally, it summarizes Switzerland's Energy Strategy 2050 which aims to increase renewable energy production and reduce energy consumption. A key part of realizing this strategy is the national energy research action plan that coordinates funding across various programs.
The document presents budget allocation charts for energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in Morocco. It summarizes the country's energy situation, key technologies for efficiency and renewables, and the methodology used to create budget allocation charts. The charts show the additional energy savings and costs of various technologies, helping policymakers identify the most effective options to maximize energy savings or minimize costs. Specifically, the charts indicate technologies with the highest savings and most cost-effective options to guide policy decisions.
The document discusses several topics related to nuclear energy including:
1) Nuclear energy is a prominent energy source in Europe, accounting for 31% of produced electricity, and has very low greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels.
2) Safety procedures and international cooperation have improved nuclear safety significantly, with the probability of core damage decreased by a factor of 10 to 100.
3) Funds set aside during plant operation can cover decommissioning costs, which amount to only 5% of the total generation costs due to technological and financial factors.
The document discusses several topics related to nuclear energy including:
1) Nuclear energy is a prominent energy source in Europe, accounting for 31% of produced electricity, and has very low greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels.
2) Safety procedures and international cooperation have improved nuclear safety significantly, with the probability of core damage decreased by a factor of 10 to 100.
3) Funds set aside during plant operation can cover decommissioning costs, which amount to only 5% of the total generation costs due to technological and financial factors.
Le facteur d’échelle a conduit au développement de réacteurs de forte puissance pour la production d’électricité. Pourtant les réacteurs de faible puissance suscitent un intérêt grandissant pour la production d’électricité ou la production de chaleur, voire la propulsion navale civile pour des porte-conteneurs de grande taille.
L'effet de taille l’emporte sur l’effet de série. Les petits réacteurs ne remplaceront probablement pas les gros pour produire l’électricité en base d’un pays industrialisé. Mais il reste peut-être des marchés de niche pour les petits réacteurs.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Du fait de leur niveau de radioactivité et leur durée de vie, ils seront stockés au Centre industriel de stockage géologique Cigéo. Les déchets HA sont intégrés dans une matrice de verre, ils sont ensuite coulés dans un colis en inox. Un colis de déchets HA contient environ 400 kg de verre pour environ 70 kg de déchets. En attendant la création du stockage profond Cigéo, ils sont entreposés notamment à l’usine de retraitement AREVA de La Hague (Manche), placés dans des installations confinant la radioactivité.
Du fait de leur niveau de radioactivité et leur durée de vie, ils seront stockés au Centre industriel de stockage géologique Cigéo. Les déchets HA sont intégrés dans une matrice de verre, ils sont ensuite coulés dans un colis en inox. Un colis de déchets HA contient environ 400 kg de verre pour environ 70 kg de déchets. En attendant la création du stockage profond Cigéo, ils sont entreposés notamment à l’usine de retraitement AREVA de La Hague (Manche), placés dans des installations confinant la radioactivité.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
La gestion des déchets radioactifs est un domaine où la France est particulièrement en pointe, s’attachant à les réduire à la source, à diminuer leur volume une fois qu’ils sont produits, et à proposer une solution de gestion durable et pérenne. Avec toujours le même objectif : protéger l’environnement et la santé des populations aujourd’hui et demain.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Implantée en bordure du Rhône, sur la commune de Creys-Mépieu (Isère), la centrale de Creys-Malville appartenait à la filière des réacteurs à neutrons rapides refroidis au sodium (RNR). Elle est définitivement à l'arrêt depuis février 1998.
Après le déchargement complet du combustible (1999-2003), le démantèlement de la salle des machines a été effectué en 2003-2004.
Plusieurs éléments non requis pour la sûreté de l'installation ont également été démontés depuis la mise à l'arrêt de la centrale. Les plus visibles ont été les cheminées, les pylônes et les lignes électriques.
Divers chantiers de déconstruction proprement dite se déroulent régulièrement à l'intérieur des bâtiments, comme par exemple dans les générateurs de vapeur ou le bâtiment réacteur.
Le site a franchi aujourd'hui une nouvelle étape : le traitement des 5 500 tonnes de sodium (utilisé pour transporter la chaleur du cœur du réacteur vers les générateurs de vapeur) dans l'installation TNA.
La déconstruction complète de Superphénix est autorisée par le décret du 20 mars 2006. Ce même jour, un second décret autorisait EDF à exploiter jusqu'en 2035 l'APEC (Atelier pour l'Entreposage du Combustible), dans lequel est entreposé le combustible usé et neuf de Superphénix, ainsi que divers composants issus du démantèlement du réacteur.
Sur plus de 140 réacteurs nucléaires, 15 ont été entièrement démantelés, une cinquantaine sont en cours de démantèlement. En France, 19 installations (laboratoires, usines et réacteurs) ont été démantelées. 70 le sont actuellement dans le monde.
Le retrait du combustible du réacteur nucléaire est une étape clé car il permet d’enlever la quasi-totalité de la radioactivité du site. Pour le reste les opérations de démantèlement s’apparentent à des opérations de décontamination, d’assainissement, de démontage et de destruction des équipements et de génie civil. Les activités liées aux opérations de démantèlement sont moins génératrices d’emploi que les activités de conception, de construction et d’exploitation. En France, les activités nucléaires mobilisent 400 000 emplois (Etude PWC 2011 Le poids socio-économique du nucléaire en France) parmi lesquels les activités d’assainissement et de démantèlement mobilisent environ entre 10 à 12 000 personnes (emplois directs, indirects et induits).
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
- Le recyclage, un point-clé pour des systèmes nucléaires durables
- Recycler au sein de réacteurs aptes à tirer le meilleur
parti des matières: les réacteurs de 4ème génération à neutrons rapides
- Une approche progressive: le plutonium, premier enjeu! Les actinides mineurs, des attraits mais perspectives industrielles encore éloignées
- Le programme ASTRID porte aujourd’hui ces enjeux de
progrès
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Le Groupe Régional Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur et Corse de la SFEN a organisé une deuxième édition du Colloque « Quelles ENERGIES pour demain » pour pallier au déficit d’information scientifique de la Société Civile sur les questions des ENERGIES . Il est indispensable que chaque citoyen soit éclairé sur les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune des énergies. Et les participations importantes à ces deux Colloques successifs nous rendent probablement raison et au moins prouvent l’intérêt du public pour ces sujets.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Le recours au thorium est théoriquement possible pour alimenter un parc nucléaire. Le thorium n’est pas lui-même fissile, mais dans le cœur d’un réacteur il peut se transformer, par capture d’un neutron, en uranium 233 fissile. Quelques pays réfléchissent à l’utilisation de ce combustible, dont l’Inde qui en possède des réserves très importantes. Une caractéristique intéressante des réacteurs au thorium est que les résidus produits contiennent une quantité plus faible d’actinides mineurs et ne produisent pas de plutonium, ce qui est un avantage dans la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs. Cependant sa maturité industrielle ne pourra être atteinte que d’ici 20 à 30 ans si les efforts adéquats sont déployés.
Plus d'informations sur : http://www.sfen.org/
Depuis le 5 mars, nos activités ont été variées :
- une conférence animée par le Professeur Jacques Foos sur le thème « Les femmes et la découverte de l’énergie nucléaire » a été organisée par les étudiants de l’ESIX dans le cadre d’un appel à projet national « Ingénieuses’15 » organisé par le CDEFI (Conférence des Directeurs des Ecoles Françaises d’Ingénieurs),
- une visite exceptionnelle du chantier de l’EPR un jour d’éclipse et de grande marée,
- un dîner WiN Normandie le soir du premier avril
- une conférence de Jean-Marc Jancovici à la Cité de la Mer sur la transition énergétique.
Du 3 au 6 mai 2015, les meilleurs spécialistes internationaux des sciences et techniques de l’énergie nucléaire se retrouvent à Nice-Acropolis (Alpes-Maritimes) au congrès ICAPP (International Congress on Advances on nuclear Power Plants) pour échanger et partager sur les dernières innovations du nucléaire dans les domaines de la sûreté, l’environnement et la disponibilité.
Avec 500 contributions issues de plus de 40 pays, ICAPP 2015 permettra de dresser un tableau précis des programmes engagés, des projets et des travaux de recherches.
Inde, Russie, Turquie, Chine, Etats-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Japon, France, Afrique du Sud… tous les pays déjà impliqués dans l’énergie nucléaire et sur le point de s’y engager partageront sur l’avancée de leurs programmes.
ICAPP 2015 sera aussi le moment de découvrir l’actualité des réacteurs à neutrons rapides de la 4ème génération déjà en fonctionnement en Russie, en Inde et bientôt expérimentés en France avec ASTRID.
Congrès international de référence sur l’innovation dans l’énergie nucléaire, ICAPP 2015 sera marqué par plusieurs temps forts :
> Le 4 mai, la signature d’une charte par les Présidents de vingt-cinq associations scientifiques nucléaires sur les atouts du nucléaire pour lutter contre le changement climatique ;
Une session spéciale « Energie nucléaire et Changement climatique » donnera la parole à Fatih Birol, Directeur Exécutif de l’Agence Internationale de l’Energie et à James Hansen, climatologue américain, Directeur du Goddard Institute de la NASA.
> Le 5 mai, le lancement de la première revue scientifique dédiée au nucléaire : l’European Physical Journal – Nuclear et une session consacrée aux conditions du succès des projets nucléaires dans les pays « nouveaux entrants », comme les Emirats Arabes Unis, la Turquie ou l’Arabie Saoudite
> Le 6 mai, les relations entre nucléaire et société civile seront étudiées avec l’apport d’enquêtes d’opinion et le partage des expériences en France, Chine, Etats-Unis.
Le 11 mars 2011 en début d’après-midi, environ 6 500 personnes, salariés de l’exploitant TEPCO et de ses entreprises partenaires, sont présentes sur le site de la centrale de Fukushima Dai-ichi lorsque celle-ci est victime d’un tremblement de terre suivi d’un tsunami. La centrale, gravement endommagée, a relâché d’importantes quantités d’effluents radioactifs, nécessitant l’évacuation de près d’environ 146 000 habitants, dont 80 000 à long terme.
4 ans après, un plan d’action est déployé par TEPCO pour évacuer les combustibles nucléaires, stocker l’eau contaminée et gérer les déchets issus du démantèlement. Le programme de décontamination des territoires avance et certaines activités redémarrent progressivement.
Avec l’arrêt provisoire de ses réacteurs nucléaires, le Japon a augmenté ses importations d’énergies fossiles. Ses émissions de CO2 ont augmenté en conséquence (+ 6% entre 2011 et 2012), l’Archipel a dû sortir de la trajectoire fixée dans le cadre du Protocole de Kyoto et le déficit de sa balance commerciale s’est accru.
Le gouvernement japonais prévoit le redémarrage de plusieurs réacteurs nucléaires à plus ou moins court terme, dans des conditions de sûreté renforcée et d’acceptation par les populations et administrations locales.
La Société Française d'Energie Nucléaire (SFEN) dresse l'état des lieux de la situation au Japon et les perspectives du nucléaire dans l'Archipel.
La SFEN se félicite des déclarations de Ségolène Royal. Cependant, elle regrette que le projet de loi sur la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte n’ouvre toujours pas de perspective pour le parc existant ou les nouvelles constructions.
Energie décarbonée, le nucléaire est un atout indispensable pour réussir la transition énergétique et atteindre les objectifs climatiques. En tirer parti passe par l’exploitation en toute sûreté des centrales nucléaires au-delà de 40 ans et la construction de nouvelles capacités de production.
Investir dans les centrales nucléaires pour les exploiter au-delà de 40 ans est une priorité. L’énergie nucléaire continuera d’être la solution énergétique la plus compétitive pour les années à venir. Par ailleurs, exploiter les centrales nucléaires dans la durée évitera de « re-carboner » le mix énergétique comme c’est le cas en Allemagne.
Avec 220 000 emplois, l’industrie nucléaire est la troisième filière industrielle de France. Construire de nouveaux réacteurs permettra de la renforcer en France et à l’export :
• La filière se prépare déjà au renouvellement du parc nucléaire. Elle construit plusieurs réacteurs de 3e génération (EPR) dans le monde et développe des synergies pour optimiser cette technologie. La filière occupe la première place en matière de recherche sur les réacteurs de 4e génération.
• La montée en puissance de la filière nucléaire sera créatrice d’emplois. Selon le cabinet PwC, les phases d’études et de construction d’un réacteur EPR créent 8 350 emplois. Des emplois pérennes, non délocalisables, et à forte valeur ajoutée.
• En matière nucléaire, le savoir-faire français est reconnu internationalement. La construction de nouveaux réacteurs de technologie française dans l’Hexagone favorisera l’exportation de l’offre française sur un marché en expansion.
La conférence de Lima vient de se terminer et montre que des efforts sont encore nécessaires pour parvenir à un accord permettant de limiter et de stabiliser la hausse des températures à 2°C d'ici à la fin du siècle.
Consciente de l’urgence climatique et de la nécessité de parvenir à un accord global, la communauté nucléaire internationale se mobilise et lance « Nuclear for Climate ». Cette initiative est une première par sa dimension internationale – les sociétés savantes et les forums nucléaires du monde entier y sont rassemblés – et par sa diversité car elle représente l’ensemble de la communauté nucléaire.
Président de la SFEN de 2011 à 2013, Luc Oursel a imprimé son dynamisme à l’association, s’engageant personnellement dans ses travaux et réflexions.
Son immense énergie, sa très grande capacité d’analyse et son goût pour le débat d’idées étaient au service de son pays.
Impliqué dans les débats nationaux sur l’énergie, avec un grand sens du service public, Luc Oursel a été à l’initiative de la Convention nationale « Nucléaire et Energies renouvelables » de la SFEN à Paris en 2013.
Pour Valérie Faudon, Déléguée générale de la SFEN, Luc Oursel « comme Président, (Luc) donnait des impulsions fortes. C’était passionnant de chercher la solution puis de revenir vers lui avec une proposition.»
Dominique Minière, Président de la SFEN depuis 2013 salue la mémoire de Luc Oursel : « Luc Oursel était un ami, un personnage attachant au service de l’intérêt général. »
Luc Oursel a affronté la maladie avec beaucoup de courage et de pudeur.
Les salariés et les adhérents de la SFEN partagent la tristesse de sa famille, de ses amis et des salariés d’AREVA.
Un excellent niveau de sûreté repose sur une conception initiale robuste, des Règles Générales d’Exploitation pertinentes et une mise en oeuvre effective d’une démarche d’amélioration continue basée sur l’analyse du retour d’expérience et l’évolution des connaissances
More from Société Française d'Energie Nucléaire (20)
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
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AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Gilles MATHONNIERE I-tésé CEA (Atoms for the Future 2013)
1. TECHNICAL AND
ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF
FUTURE NUCLEAR
ENERGY
ON THE HORIZON 2100
GILLES MATHONNIERE
DEN/DANS/I-TÉSÉ
Atoms for the Future 2013, SFEN October 22nd 2013
| PAGE
1
3. DETERMINING FACTORS FOR THE NUCLEAR
ENERGY IN THE FUTURE ENERGY MIX
•
•
•
National Policy
Economy
Complémentarity with the other forms of energy :
The grid will be shared all the energies
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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Page 3
4. THE ENERGY OBJECTIVES OF FRANCE
International objectives :
• Mainly climate related
European objectives :
• The European Energy-Climate Plan
and the 3x20 rules
National objectives :
• The Grenelle debate on the environment
• Post Grenelle government commitments of various natures:
• Additional technical measures for reaching 2020
objectives
• The committments of the current government :
• Nuclear share
• Renovation and building of new housing…
these objectives are declined in very important set of
economic, legal, statutory, fiscal devices, R&D programs, ….
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 4
5. TOWARDS NEW USES OF ELECTRICITY AND NUCLEAR
ENERGY
Electricity traditionnal market will progress :
•From the « energy transition » to the « productive recovery »
To relocate strongly energy-consuming industries
Electricity will develop for new uses :
• Substitution for fossile energies and efficiency improvement policy in
Industry
• Electric buildings with very high energy performance
•Mobility
• Information, Communication, Digital Society
The (new) nuclear energy will meet new uses :
• District heating (ex. Paris by Nogent nuclear plant)
• Hydrogen massive production
• Silicium PV grade massive production
• Help to the grid (Reactors dedicated to electrolysis which can
momentarily switch to electricity production in order to anwer the demand
peak ; short and medium term storage through reversible electrolysis)
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 5
7. COMPETIVITY OF THE EXISTING NUCLEAR FLEET :
REPORT BY LA COUR DES COMPTES JANUARY 2012
€2010/MWh
Operating expenses
Cost connected to
the capital
Total
ARENH 2012
33
(25+5 maintenance
+ 3anticipation postFukushima
6 to 9
42
Accounting cost
29
4,4
33,4
Champsaur
Commission
27,1
6
33,1
Full Accounting cost
for production
23,4
16,4
39,8
LCOE (Variant
French National
Audit)
29,1
20,4
49,5
Main result from la Cour des Comptes (French National Audit) :
LCOE for nuclear is about 50€/MWh
Historic nuclear power is economically «unbeatable »
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 7
8. NUCLEAR POWER OF FUTURE: ORDER OF
MAGNITUDE FOR THE NEW REACTORS COSTS
• Costs are usully difficult to compare, as
many factors are playing a role :
– DesignS
– Specificities of countries (local costs,
constraints of sites, labor law, taxes …)
– Local share in the global costs
– Exchange rate parities
– Number of reactors on a site
– Etc…
• Order of magnitude for « overnight » costs :
– EPR (Flamanville) ~8,5 billion euros (FOAK in France)
– EPR (Chinese) ~4 billion euros
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 8
9. THE DIRECTIONS TO LOWER THE COSTS
• Changes registered in the logic of the industrial projects on shortaverage term
• The experience feedback
• Serie effect (including supply chain, scale effect, ..)
• Duplications on the same site (ex: Taishan)
Cost cutting and reduction of deadlines
• Changes connected to the economic situation with short-average term
• Lesser pressure on raw materials
• Less tension concerning numbers of high level skill engineers
• But interest rate must be watched
• In the long term: R&D, the factor of technical progress
• Many examples from the past : burn-up increase, waste volumes…
• Numerous tracks are under investigation: simulation, materials, fuel
cycle, …
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 9
10. NUCLEAR COMPETITIVENESS : FORWARD LOOKING COSTS
CEA Estimates
and calculations
Construction Electricity
Costs (€/kWe) production
Costs (€/MWh)
Hypothesis
New nuclear
power : high
range
4000
(6,4 Md€)
75
25% gain compared
with FOAK
Flamanville
New nuclear
3000
power : low range (4,7 Md€)
60
45% gain compared
with FOAK
Flamanville
Source CEA I-tésé
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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Page 10
11. IN GENERAL, CONSTRUCTION COSTS HAVE NOT BEEN IN
LINE WITH INFLATION
INSEE Index of the construction costs
INSEE (National Institute for statistics and economic studies)
1995-2008:
+60 %
While at the same time, the reference index of the prices
increased by only 24 %
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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Page 11
12. IT’S PARTICULARLY TRUE FOR ELECTRICAL
INVESTMENTS
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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Page 12
13. COMPETITIVENESS OF VARIOUS KINDS OF PLANTS : THE FORWARDLOOKING COSTS IN FRANCE €/MWH GIVEN BY ANCRE TO DNTE
Energy
2020
2030
2050
Coal
70
109
260
Gas
90
101
168
Nuclear
42
46
60
Onshore Wind
70
65
60
Offshore Wind
140
120
110
Solar PV
150
100
70
Figures are still under
discussion
Data used in the
DIV scénario examinated in
the framework of the
National Debate on the
Energy Transition (DNTE)
Source ANCRE
By 2030 and beyond, the costs of the main means of Low
carbon Production can converge
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 13
14. NECESSARY TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT SYSTEM COSTS
OECD Study 2012 (US$/MWh)
System and CO2 costs will be factors of the highest importance for the MIX
in the future
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 14
16. FROM UNIT COSTS TO THE SCENARIOS GLOBAL COSTS OF
ELECTRICITY €/MWH IN 2030 (TAX EXCLUDED)
100,0
90,0
€2011/MWh
CO2
80,0
Wind
50 €/tCO2
70,0
Solar PV
60,0
Other
renewables
50,0
Classical
Thermal
40,0
New nuclear
30,0
Historic
nuclear
20,0
10,0
0,0
Extension of
EPR
historic nuclear accelerated
Partial exit
from nuclear
Exit from nuc. Exit from nuc.
RE strong
fossile strong
Source :
Energies 2050
French
Strategical
Analysis
Center (CAS)
(Costs for reducing the demand and for the grid are not included)
A fast transition leads to important additional costs
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 16
17. CO2 EMISSIONS IN 2030 FOR DIFFERENT SCENARIOS
CO2 Emissions for various options - Mt - 2030
90,0
Cogeneration
80,0
50 €/tCO2
70,0
60,0
Ways for the peak
demand (fuel)
50,0
40,0
30,0
CCG (Gas)
20,0
10,0
Coal
Exit from
nuclear fossile
strong
Exit from
nuclear RE
strong
Partial exit
from nuclear
EPR
accelerated
extension of
historic
nuclear
0,0
Source :
Energies 2050
French
Strategical
Analysis
Center (CAS)
One part of CO2 emissions comes from the back-up of the
renewable energies
An exit from nuclear will made very difficult the committment
« facteur 4 »
A fast transition increase significantly CO2 emissions
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 17
18. FRENCH NATIONAL DEBATE ON THE ENERGY
TRANSITION (DNTE)
The questions :
• What energy for the next 10, 20, 30 or
40 years ?
• What amount of investments is required
today?
• How to develop renewable energies ?
• How to optimise(reduce) the demand, and use the available
energy?
• What are the advantages and the inconveniences of the energy
transition from an économic point of view?
http://www.transition-energetique.gouv.fr/
The synthesis of the debate was presented at the Environmental
conference held in Paris in september 2013
A new program act in 2014
16 octobre 2013
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 18
19. THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IS VERY CONTRASTED IN
THE DNTE SCENARIOS
Total consumption of electricity in France (TWh)
•
Horizon 2050 in France : Electric demand between -30% and +80%
according scenarios presented in the debate
The trend is an increase of the electricity demand
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 19
20. THE ELECTIC DEMAND REMAINS INCREASING
Augmentation relative par rapport à 2005 des productions d'énergie
primaire et d'électricité pour les scénarios Baseline et Blue
3,0
2,8
2,6
PE.baseline
PE.BLUE
2,4
2,2
2,0
Elec.baseline
Elec.BLUE
IEA 2008
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1,0
2005
2030
2050
Even in the the Blue scenario from the International Energy Agency, which is a sober
scenario with a Primary Energy (PE) flat, the electricity demand is still growing.
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 20
21. ANCRE Scenarios
• ANCRE is the National Alliance of Coordination of the Research
for the Energy
• ANCRE groups all the public institutions of education and
research for the domain and works in dialogue with the poles of
competitiveness
• It wished to take part in the debate on the energy transition and
suggested to the Minister in charge of Energy building energy
scenarios on the 2050 horizon. The Minister showed her deep
interest for this work of ANCRE.
• ANCRE has defined the 3 following scenarios :
• « Strenghtened Sobriety » (ou SOB)
• « Décarbonisation by the electricity » (ou ELE)
• « Diversified vectors » (ou DIV)
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 21
22. The innovation, in the
heart of the successes
of tomorrow
Without large-scale technological progress, the achievement of the factor 4 on
GHG emission, is not realistic :
o
o
o
o
o
Innovate and Strengthen the effort of R&D in the field of the energy and better
coordinate it in the European plan,
Target medium to long-term "breakthrough technologies", without being limited by
those choices proposed in the scenarios,
Employment in the long-term will depend on the innovations made in the
medium term.
Strengthen demonstration projects at the national and local level by interaction
with both industry and population,
Formalize a decision making in a step by step manner according results achieved
and the context.
This is true for nuclear energy and ANCRE identified domains of key
technological progress for future: safety, duration of operation, nuclear
cogeneration, flexibility of reactors, massive production of hydrogen, development
of concepts of 4th generation in particular
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 22
23. ANCRE SCENARIOS: MAIN RESULTS FOR 2025
• Independent of the scenarios, even with a high electricity
demand, changing to 50 % of nuclear energy generated in 2025
will lead to the closure of a significant number of reactors:
between 5 and 30 reactors will be closed.
• These closures come along with an important increase of the
renewable energies (of the order of 20 % of the park in energy).
• Such a dynamic raises 3 questions:
• How "to accommodate" so quickly a strong part of intermittent
renewable energies in the network (ANCRE answers it essentially by
"Game Changers“).
• How to finance these renewable energies, since the “income" of
historic nuclear power will have been greatly reduced ?
• How to finance the early final shut-down of reactors ? As order of
magnitude, to stop 20 reactors would cost from 20 to 60 billion €,
according to the estimations
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 23
24. WHAT CRITERIA TO ESTIMATE CHOICES? (EX OF THE
CURRENT ACTION WITHIN ANCRE)
Criteria evaluation : 3*6 criteria
Reference costs for the various plants and average cost for the fleet
Micro &
Macro
economics
Environment
Climate
Science
Technology
Prospective
Employement (direct, indirect and inferred)
Trade balance (raw materials, equipment and services)
Consumer energy prices (Industry and Households)
Trajectory of investment and financing terms
Public debts taking into account fiscal receipts and financing
Local environment (Atmosphéric pollution, water, grounds)
Industrial and accidental risks
Global environment (CO2, CH4,…)
Influences on grounds and biodiversity
Raw and strategic materials
Vulnerability in the geopolitical crises
Maturity of the technologies (availability, cost, industrial capacities)
Needs in R&D (Roadmaps, R&D programs to launch, financing)
Experimental projects
Long-term instruments of incentive (rates of repurchase, calls for tender,)
Innovation diffusion strategy
Relationship between technological and industrial developments
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 24
26. THE VISION OF THE OPECST(PARLIAMENTARY OFFICE
OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CHOICES)
Published report " The energy transition from the innovation and
decentralization points of view “
Released in september 2013
Main conclusions:
• Justification of a strong nuclear base in France
• Call to diversify the MIX of generated electricity
• Identification of the role of renewable, storage, Gen IV
• Importance of the R&D on the long-term horizon
• Recommendations for the transition (in particular with regard to
the dynamics)
• Suggestion for a long-term nuclear scenario: " logical trajectory "
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 26
27. THE REASONS FOR CHOOSING FAST REACTORS
Make nuclear energy sustainable for several thousand years
Energy independance: depleted uranium stocks
Economic competitiveness
Natural uranium price evolution
Waste management
plutonium with bad isotopic composition from the burnt
MOX may be used.
Better capability than LWR to possibly transmute minor
actinides.
Industrial politics and leadership (State or maker level)
Developping Sodium Fast Reactors will be
possible in France from 2040
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 27
28. A MAIN DRIVER : THE DEMAND
Nuclear energy is both economically competitive and CO2 free
Large increase of the nuclear fleet is expected in the world
Fukushima : a rather limited
impact on the horizon 2100
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 28
29. SUSTAINABILITY : WORLD URANIUM RESOURCES (RED BOOK)
Conventional ressources (MtU)
Identified
Undiscovered
Reasonably
Assured
Resources (RAR)
Inferred
< 40 $/kg U
0.5
0.2
40-80 $/kg U
1.5
0.9
80-130 $/kg U
1.4
0.8
1.1
130-260 $/kg U
0.9
0.8
0.1
subtotal
4.4
2.7
2.8
Total
Prognosticated
Speculative
1.6
7.1 MtU
7.6
10.4 MtU
• Unconventionnal ressources :
– Mainly U associated to phosphates: 3,9 MtU (with only 10000 tU/year as a
phosphate by-product)
– Sea water… 4 000 MtU (> 1800 $/kgU ?)
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 29
30. IS NUCLEAR SUSTAINABLE ? LWR ONLY
U Consumption versus resources
Consumption
Two scenarios
A3
C2
Hypotheses for U resources :
•6 Mt identified resources (2009)
•20 Mt identified + undiscovered + 4 Mt phos
•38 Mt identified + undiscovered + 22 Mt phos
•90 Mt very optimistic …
Demand
Production
6 Mt
Production
20 Mt
Production
38 Mt
Production
90 Mt
A3 Scenario
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
C2 Scenario
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 30
31. SFR ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
LWR Production cost
LWR Fuel cycle
LWR Fuel cycle cost
reprocessing
16%
f abrication
11%
natural
uranium
40%
Natural U represents
today 7%
of a LWR kWh cost
enrichment
29%
conversion
3%
SFR Production cost
SFR Fuel cycle cost
LWR is the most
competitive nuclear reactor
today, but the increase of
Uranium cost will allow
SFR to become cheaper
Competitiveness depends also on the country : labor cost, recycling policy,
regulation, …
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 31
32. SFR COMPETITIVENESS : THE FRENCH CASE
Two steps are necessary:
Study at a world level in order to determine the uranium price
evolution
Study at the France level to determine the fleet evolution
Simplifying hypothesis : competitiveness occurs at the same time
in all the countries
(even if some features may differ by a significant amount :
Labor cost,
Recycling policy
Regulation
…)
•
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 32
33. WORLD DEMAND
IIASA Scénarios
A2
2010
A3
B
C2
2500 TWhe
2030
X 2.8
X 2.4
X 2.0
2050
X 1.9
X 4.7
X 4.7
X 3.0
2150
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
X 1.2
X 30
X 29
X 23
X 10
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 33
34. WORLD DEMAND
Scénarios used
IIASA Scénarios
A2
2010
A3
B
C2
2500 TWhe
2030
X 2.8
X 2.4
X 2.0
2050
X 1.9
X 4.7
X 4.7
X 3.0
2150
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
X 1.2
X 30
X 29
X 23
X 10
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 34
35. HYPOTHESES : SUPPLY CURVE AND WORLD DEMAND
3 Supply curves for uranium
2500
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXX
Uncertainties on Uranium extracted from sea water
XXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
2000
4 World demand
hypotheses
Cost €/kg U
1500
A hypothesis
B hypothesis
C hypothesis
1000
500
0
Mt U
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Uncertainties about resources (3 hypotheses = supply curves A, B, C)
Uncertainties about nuclear electricity demand (4 hypotheses = world demand)
3*4 world scenarios to calculate
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 35
36. WORLD SCENARIO : RESULTS
Uranium cost evolution
€/kg U
years
Uranium cost
evolution
Supply curve
Nuclear electricity demand scenario
a
b
g
d
A
B
B
C
A3
A3
C2
C2
As an example, the a uranium cost evolution (Alpha curve) is obtained through a world scenario having
as hypotheses the A supply curve and the A3 electricity demand
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 36
37. SCENARIOS FOR FRANCE : RESULTS
Uranium cost
evolution
Supply curve
Nuclear electric
demand scenario
Competitiveness
Moment
a
b
g
d
A
B
B
C
A3
A3
C2
C2
≈2040
≈2080
≈2100
≈2140
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
DEN/DANS/I-tésé
Page 37
38. RNR MARKET : TWO SEPARATE PHASES
If reaching microeconomic competitiveness will mark a key stage in the
development of SFR, the incentive for the first purchasers will be political
considering other criteria :
Safety
Energy self-sufficiency of the country
Secure energy supply
Guarantees relative to the pressure on the natural uranium market
Positioning in the high-technology industry
Plutonium management
Waste management (MA transmutation)
Integration of non-proliferation issues
…
In the first phase, the incentives will be rather political than economical
and a small number of SFR will be built in India, Russia, China or
France… At the end of this phase a few standards will be ready for an
industrial development.
This industrial development will appear in a second phase when SFR will
be economically competitive in comparison with LWR. The number of
units built per year will increase significantly limited only by the Pu
availability.
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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40. WHAT TO CHOOSE?
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41. CONCLUSIONS
New paradigms:
• The globalization (know how, GHG, products…)
• The rise of the uncertainties and the crises
• Removal of the usual balance offer-demand
• Synergies nuclear/renewable energies
Report N°1: Historic nuclear power is by very far the cheapest
means of production " Go out in a precipitated way " of nuclear
power would be very expensive and emitting of CO2
Report N°2: Nuclear power and renewable energies can develop in
harmony (it is even the easiest way). It is also necessary to lower
the costs of system for the renewable energies .
Report N°3: Renewable energies progress and an increasing price
of the CO2 is probably going to bring several electrical energy low
carbon in zones of comparable costs towards (or after) 2030.
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42. CONCLUSIONS
Report n°4: Nuclear power in the years 2030 to 2050 will
significantly have evolved: safety, use, cost (?), acceptability, in a
context where the consideration of the climate is inevitable, arrival
of the IVth generation …
Report n°5: The R&D on " low carbon " energies is essential to give
room to manoeuvre( open choices) to a very (too much ) restrained
energy system
A very open future for long-term nuclear power in
France ( announced relative decrease) and in Europe
(eventually opportunities for a redeployment for the
moment on hold)
These technologies have undeniable assets but have
to evolve to continue to show their ability
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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43. CONCLUSIONS
Report n°6: Nuclear on the horizon 2100
SFR will be present and very likely economically
competitive
The competitiveness moment is difficult to predict due to
uncertainties on natural uranium resources and LWR
development in the world.
The most likely hypothesis is the second half of the century.
The SFR investment overcost is less sensitive.
However, a smaller market will start before the
economic competitiveness for political and
strategical considerations
SFEN Atoms for the Future October 22nd, 2013 Paris, France
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44. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012
| PAGE 44
October 22nd, 2013