The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as researching, reading critically, using sources, planning and organizing essays, and revising. It discusses topics like researching online, taking notes, avoiding plagiarism, using quotations and paraphrasing sources, understanding essay topics, writer's block, thesis statements, introductions and conclusions. It also provides guidance on writing annotations, abstracts, comparative essays, and revising for issues like faulty parallelism. Specific verbs for referring to sources and formatting bibliographies are also covered.
This document provides guidance on academic writing skills such as essay writing, research, organization, grammar, and avoiding plagiarism. It covers topics like developing a thesis statement, writing introductions and conclusions, organizing paragraphs, conducting research both from books and the internet, taking notes, summarizing, integrating quotations, and citing sources to avoid plagiarism using different styles like MLA and APA. The document appears to be from a university writing course and aims to equip students with essential skills for academic writing.
This document provides guidance on academic writing from the University of Toronto Writing Courses. It discusses planning and organizing an essay, such as formulating questions and developing a thesis. It also covers reading and research, using sources, and different types of academic writing. Style and editing tips are presented, such as starting early, revising extensively, and proofreading. Different outlining and note-taking techniques are described. The document warns against plagiarism and discusses citation styles. Overall, the document offers comprehensive advice on various aspects of academic writing and researching.
This document provides an overview of academic writing skills and strategies. It covers topics such as understanding essay assignments, overcoming writer's block, critical reading, outlining and organizing essays, writing introductions and conclusions, using thesis statements, formatting paragraphs, conducting research, incorporating sources, revising writing, dealing with new vocabulary, and specific types of academic writing. The document also discusses some key differences between high school and university writing expectations. Overall, it serves as a guide for students to develop proficiency in various aspects of academic writing.
This document outlines the standard structure for a scientific research paper, which generally consists of three main parts: an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction provides background on the topic and states the purpose of the study. The body includes a literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. The conclusion summarizes key findings and implications. While the title and abstract are presented first, they are usually written last to succinctly describe the overall paper. Following a consistent structure helps provide organization and credibility to the research.
This document provides an outline for a university-level academic writing course, covering topics such as understanding essay assignments, conducting research, writing paragraphs and full essays, revising, and addressing different types of academic writing. It includes guidance on developing arguments, integrating sources, organizing ideas, and improving writing mechanics. The document also references resources for further developing skills in areas like critical reading, vocabulary, and proper use of the English language.
This document provides advice on the academic essay writing process. It discusses preparing by choosing a topic and type of essay. It recommends making an outline to organize ideas. When writing, an introduction should engage the reader and include a thesis statement. Body paragraphs should each address a main idea using a topic sentence. Evidence and analysis are also important. The conclusion should not introduce new information but reflect on the significance of the argument. Revision helps strengthen writing by checking structure, logic, and language.
The document provides tips for writing an academic essay, including planning the essay, conducting research, developing a thesis statement, organizing paragraphs, introducing and concluding the essay, using quotations, and revising and editing the work. It discusses choosing a topic and type of essay, taking notes during research, understanding the essay topic, developing topic sentences, avoiding plagiarism, and ensuring proper formatting and appearance. The goal is to present a logical, well-organized argument through clear writing and effective use of sources.
The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as understanding essay topics, organizing an essay, using thesis statements, writing introductions and conclusions, researching using the internet, and revising. It discusses challenges like writer's block and offers tips for overcoming it. Various types of academic writing are also explained, including book reviews, comparative essays, and academic proposals. General guidelines are presented for writing clearly and effectively at the college level.
This document provides guidance on academic writing skills such as essay writing, research, organization, grammar, and avoiding plagiarism. It covers topics like developing a thesis statement, writing introductions and conclusions, organizing paragraphs, conducting research both from books and the internet, taking notes, summarizing, integrating quotations, and citing sources to avoid plagiarism using different styles like MLA and APA. The document appears to be from a university writing course and aims to equip students with essential skills for academic writing.
This document provides guidance on academic writing from the University of Toronto Writing Courses. It discusses planning and organizing an essay, such as formulating questions and developing a thesis. It also covers reading and research, using sources, and different types of academic writing. Style and editing tips are presented, such as starting early, revising extensively, and proofreading. Different outlining and note-taking techniques are described. The document warns against plagiarism and discusses citation styles. Overall, the document offers comprehensive advice on various aspects of academic writing and researching.
This document provides an overview of academic writing skills and strategies. It covers topics such as understanding essay assignments, overcoming writer's block, critical reading, outlining and organizing essays, writing introductions and conclusions, using thesis statements, formatting paragraphs, conducting research, incorporating sources, revising writing, dealing with new vocabulary, and specific types of academic writing. The document also discusses some key differences between high school and university writing expectations. Overall, it serves as a guide for students to develop proficiency in various aspects of academic writing.
This document outlines the standard structure for a scientific research paper, which generally consists of three main parts: an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction provides background on the topic and states the purpose of the study. The body includes a literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. The conclusion summarizes key findings and implications. While the title and abstract are presented first, they are usually written last to succinctly describe the overall paper. Following a consistent structure helps provide organization and credibility to the research.
This document provides an outline for a university-level academic writing course, covering topics such as understanding essay assignments, conducting research, writing paragraphs and full essays, revising, and addressing different types of academic writing. It includes guidance on developing arguments, integrating sources, organizing ideas, and improving writing mechanics. The document also references resources for further developing skills in areas like critical reading, vocabulary, and proper use of the English language.
This document provides advice on the academic essay writing process. It discusses preparing by choosing a topic and type of essay. It recommends making an outline to organize ideas. When writing, an introduction should engage the reader and include a thesis statement. Body paragraphs should each address a main idea using a topic sentence. Evidence and analysis are also important. The conclusion should not introduce new information but reflect on the significance of the argument. Revision helps strengthen writing by checking structure, logic, and language.
The document provides tips for writing an academic essay, including planning the essay, conducting research, developing a thesis statement, organizing paragraphs, introducing and concluding the essay, using quotations, and revising and editing the work. It discusses choosing a topic and type of essay, taking notes during research, understanding the essay topic, developing topic sentences, avoiding plagiarism, and ensuring proper formatting and appearance. The goal is to present a logical, well-organized argument through clear writing and effective use of sources.
The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as understanding essay topics, organizing an essay, using thesis statements, writing introductions and conclusions, researching using the internet, and revising. It discusses challenges like writer's block and offers tips for overcoming it. Various types of academic writing are also explained, including book reviews, comparative essays, and academic proposals. General guidelines are presented for writing clearly and effectively at the college level.
The document provides advice on academic writing from the University of Toronto. It discusses developing an argument in essays, the differences between high school and university writing expectations, planning and organizing essays, writing introductions and conclusions, developing paragraphs, reading and researching critically, specific types of academic writing, and editing for style. It emphasizes developing a clear thesis, considering the intended audience and discipline, and structuring essays in a logical flow of ideas supported by evidence.
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as essay writing, research, organization, and specific writing types. It discusses developing an argument with a clear thesis, formulating questions to guide the essay, and organizing the essay logically. It also covers topics like understanding assignments, developing a thesis statement, writing introductions and conclusions, paragraph structure, critical reading, note-taking, summarizing, quoting, revising, and oral presentations. Finally, it provides guidance on writing different text types including literature reviews, proposals, admissions letters, and bibliographies.
The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing at the university level. It discusses the differences between high school and university writing in terms of essay structure, sentences, introductions, and arguments. It also provides tips and guidelines on understanding essay topics, dealing with writer's block, planning and organizing essays, using thesis statements and topic sentences, reading and researching effectively, using sources and citations, using quotations, and specific types of academic writing like book reviews and literature reviews.
The document provides advice and guidelines for academic writing at the university level. It covers various topics such as the transition from high school writing, understanding essay topics, dealing with writer's block, planning and organizing essays, reading and researching, using sources, specific types of writing including literature reviews and lab reports, revising, and punctuation. The document is intended as a reference for students to improve their academic writing skills.
This document provides guidance on various aspects of academic writing such as understanding essay topics, organizing an essay, reading and researching, using sources, revising writing, and specific types of writing. It discusses key elements like introductions, conclusions, paragraphs, topic sentences, taking notes, paraphrasing, summarizing, and identifying and fixing sentence fragments. The document aims to offer students advice to improve their academic writing skills.
The document provides guidance on writing reports for a degree level film course. It discusses the key components of an academic report, including the introduction, main body, and conclusion. For the introduction, it recommends including background information, the purpose, research context, limitations, and an outline. The main body should demonstrate knowledge, clarify importance, reference information, draw conclusions, and make comparisons. Descriptive writing should be avoided in favor of analysis. Proper research and referencing is also covered.
The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing, including researching, pre-writing, writing, and revising. It discusses strategies for reading texts like previewing, skimming, and critical analysis. For pre-writing, it covers organizing essays, differences between high school and university writing, and documentation styles. The writing section addresses writing introductions, paragraphs, conclusions, and avoiding plagiarism. Finally, it discusses revising by editing for content, structure, grammar and formatting.
The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as planning, organizing, reading, researching, using sources, specific writing types, style and editing. Some key points covered include:
- Planning an essay involves formulating a question, developing a thesis, and organizing arguments clearly.
- Critical reading involves determining claims, context, evidence and evaluating strengths and weaknesses. Notes should be labeled for later use.
- Sources must be properly cited to avoid plagiarism. Quotations should not overcrowd your own ideas.
- Different writing types have distinct goals and organizations such as explaining a topic for the public or asking a historical question.
- Revising, concise writing, unbiased language, proper punctuation
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as essay structure, organization, research, and style. It recommends that essays have an argument, answer a question, try to prove something through reasoning and evidence, and develop a thesis. It also discusses developing an outline, writing an introduction and conclusion, organizing paragraphs, incorporating sources through summaries, paraphrases and quotations, revising, and proper formatting. The document offers tips for critical reading, evaluating online sources, and looks at common areas graded like following the assignment, quality of ideas, organization and writing skills.
This document provides guidance on academic writing for students pursuing studies in the United States. It outlines the application process, which includes essays, letters of recommendation, academic transcripts, exam scores, and financial documents. It then discusses key aspects of academic writing such as structure, evidence, style and tone. The document provides tips for different types of academic writing as well as a step-by-step writing process involving pre-writing, drafting, revising and editing. It also covers developing a thesis, creating an outline, incorporating content into body paragraphs, and concluding effectively. Overall, the document offers a comprehensive overview of best practices for academic writing skills necessary for international students applying to U.S. universities.
The document provides advice on the stages of academic writing: pre-writing, writing, and revision. It discusses developing a thesis, creating an outline, drafting with topic sentences and evidence, and revising for clarity, structure, and style. The goal is to present an organized, logical, and persuasive argument. Key aspects are identifying the assignment, researching sources, planning content and structure, writing drafts, and editing the final paper.
This document provides an overview and guide for students taking the ENC1143 "Writing with Evidence with Style" course. It discusses the four main principles covered in the class: academic discourse, evidence-based writing, synthesis writing, and reflective writing. The document defines these concepts and provides tips for researching, analyzing, and writing about evidence to support arguments. Overall, it aims to prepare new college students for the skills and standards expected in ENC1143 and other college-level writing courses.
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic essay writing, including developing arguments, organizing essays, conducting research, and overcoming writer's block. It discusses transitioning from high school to university-level writing and emphasizes generating ideas, formulating thesis statements, and understanding assignments. The document also offers tips for outlining essays, integrating notes and planning, writing introductions and conclusions, developing paragraphs, critically reading sources, taking efficient notes, and summarizing texts.
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as essay structure, organization, thesis statements, introductions, conclusions, paragraphs, topic sentences, using sources, quotations, paraphrasing, revising, editing, punctuation, spelling, abstracts, and English language concepts. It discusses transitioning from high school to university level writing and offers tips for successful composition methods, organizing ideas, and using computers to improve writing.
This document provides an overview of academic writing and publishing. It discusses the following key points:
- Section 1 introduces why academics write and publish, such as sharing research, gaining recognition, and personal satisfaction.
- Section 2 covers aspects of the academic article such as titles, author contributions, abstracts, and references.
- Section 3 discusses other types of academic publications including books, book chapters, theses, conference papers, and posters.
- Section 4 touches on additional topics like finding and disseminating information and choosing where to publish.
The document provides guidance on writing academic reports. It emphasizes that writing is a process that involves rewriting to clarify thoughts and present a logical argument. A good report answers a question by telling a story with good structure and flow. Key sections include an introduction outlining the topic and problem, a literature review analyzing relevant theories and research, a methods section describing the research design, a results section presenting findings, and a conclusion summarizing results and answering "so what?". Proper formatting, citation of sources, and avoidance of plagiarism are also discussed.
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing. It discusses including an argument and thesis in essays, using proper organization and structure. Successful writing involves starting early, keeping overall purpose and organization in mind, extensive revision and sentence-level editing, and proofreading. The transition from high school to university writing involves moving from set formulas to developing individual structures and focusing on critical thinking over knowledge demonstration. Other topics covered include dealing with writer's block, outlining and planning essays, writing introductions and conclusions, using topic sentences, critical reading and source use, vocabulary building, research techniques, summarization, documentation formats, and revising and editing.
This is the PowerPoint from the annual Maynooth University Library "Writing for Academic Publication Workshop." The target audience is library staff who wish to write for publication but it will also be of interest to early-career academic staff
Publishing and Disseminating your Research and PracticeHelen Fallon
This document provides guidance on writing for publication. It begins by outlining the goals of the writing workshop, which are to have participants draft a writing, understand writing mechanics, know more about the publishing process, and increase confidence in writing. It then discusses reasons for publishing such as sharing work, increasing visibility and impact, disseminating research, and career advancement. The document provides tips on identifying topics, different types of publications, how to analyze journals, and how to draft queries to editors. It also covers outlining, structuring articles, titles, abstracts, keywords, and the various sections of articles such as introductions, literature reviews, methods, and discussions. Finally, it provides encouragement and advice for the writing process itself
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The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing, including researching, pre-writing, writing, and revising. It discusses strategies for reading texts like previewing, skimming, and critical analysis. For pre-writing, it covers organizing essays, differences between high school and university writing, and documentation styles. The writing section addresses writing introductions, paragraphs, conclusions, and avoiding plagiarism. Finally, it discusses revising by editing for content, structure, grammar and formatting.
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This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as essay structure, organization, research, and style. It recommends that essays have an argument, answer a question, try to prove something through reasoning and evidence, and develop a thesis. It also discusses developing an outline, writing an introduction and conclusion, organizing paragraphs, incorporating sources through summaries, paraphrases and quotations, revising, and proper formatting. The document offers tips for critical reading, evaluating online sources, and looks at common areas graded like following the assignment, quality of ideas, organization and writing skills.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. Reading and Researching
Research Using the Internet
Critical Reading
Using Sources
How not to Plagiarize
Using Quotations
Verbs for refering to sources
Planning and Organizing
Some General Advice on Academic Essay
The Transition from High School to University
Understanding Essay Topics: A Checklist
Writer’s Block
Using Thesis Statements
Using Topic Sentences
Introductions and Conclusions
Paragraphs
Specific Types of Writing Revising
Writing an Annotated Bibliography Editing and Revising
The Abstract Faulty Parallelism
The Comparative Essay Further
Resources Biblio
graphy
3. Research Using the Internet
• Do not rely exclusively on net sources.
• Keep a detailed record of sites you visit and the
cites you use.
• Authority: Who is the author? Has he/she
written elsewhere on this topic?
• Content Reliability/Accuracy: Is the information
factual, not opinion?
4. Critical
Reading
Toward
Critical
Writing
• To read critically is to make jugdgments about
how a text is argued.
• Do not read looking only for information.
• Do read looking for ways of thinking about
the subject matter.
5. How Not to Plagiarize
Always write down the author, title and publication
information.
Do not paste passages of online sources into your
draft.
Using Quotations
Paraphrase: in your own words. Provide a reference
Summarise the passage to sketch the most essential points.It is
shorter than a paraphrase.
6. Verbs for Referring to Sources
• Reporting verb+ that+ subject+ verb:
• Examples:
• Da Souza argued that.....
• Researches have demonstrated that...
• Positives finds that...
• Reporting verb+ somebody/something + for + noun/gerund:
• Smith criticized Jones for his use of incomplete data
• Banting thanked Best for his contribution to the discovery of insulin
7. Verbs for Referring to Sources
• Reporting verb + somebody/something + as + noun/gerund/ adjective
• Jones describes the findings as resting on irrefutable evidence.
• Smith and Jones both present their data as conclusive.
8. Some General Advice on Accademic
Essay-Writing
• An essay should have a single thesis or a short setof closely related points.
• It should be designed to present your argument clearly and persuasively.
• Check it to be sure that a reader will be able to follow the sequences of ideas
within sentences.
9. The Transition from High School to
University
• High School Rules University Expectations
• Essay Structure Consists of 3 main point There is no predetermined numbers of
point
• Have a 5 paragraph structure As many paragraphs as needed.
• Thesis Statement: one sentence in lenght 2 or 3 sentences long (or even +)
• Conclusion Summary of main points Do not just summarise it
• Argument Based on personal opinion Supported by evidence from your sources
10. Understanding Essay Topics: A Checklist
• Analise behind the surface
structure of your source
material.
• Evaluate ideas and
evidence
• Argue: consider other
viewpoints and defend
your own comparison
11. Writer's Block
• Reread key passages from your source materials
• Make notes on key ideas or potential evidence
• What are the essential points to make about the topic?
• Be sure you have a specific topic.
• Try a mind-mapping exercise. Write down related ideas from class materials
and reseach.
12. Using Thesis
Statements
• Some theses can be stated in
the opening sentences of an
essay
• Others need a paragraph or
two for introduction
• Others cannot be fully
formulated until the end.
Using Topic
Sentences
• Provide a sketch of the essay's
argument.
• Usually appears at the very
beginning of paragraphs
• Relate your topic sentence to your
thesis statement to help strengthen
coherence.
13. Introductions and Conclusions
• Introductions:
• Raise your topic in your very first sentence.
• Avoid sweeping generalizations.
• Quote an expert
• Give some background information.
• Conclusions:
• It should not be a summary of your points.
• Remind the reader of how the evidence you have presented has contributed to your
thesis.
• Involves critical thinking.
14. Paragraphs
• A paragraph is a series of related sentences
developing a central idea, called the topic.
• In academic writing the topic sentence works
best at the begining of a paragraph so that the
reader know waht to expect.
• Support your ideas by means of examples,
details or quotations.
• Draw distinctions between the term and other
related ones.
15. Paragraphs
• Show connections. Deliberate repetitions of key words helps.
• Specialized linking words:
• To reinforce ideas: also, for example, in other words, moreover, in addition.
• To change ideas: but, instead, although, on the other hand, yet, however, in contrast, in
spite of sth.
• To conclude: i n conclusion, therefore, finally, ultimately.
16. Writing an Annotated Bibliography
• It gives an account of the research that has been done on a given topic.
• It is an alphabetical list of research sources.
• It may be one stage in a larger research project or it may be and
independent project standing on its own.
17. The Abstract
• It is a first impression of the document that follows.
• It answers these questions in about 100-250 words:
• Why did you do this study or project?
• What did you do and how?
• What did you find?
• What do your findings mean?
• Do not repeat or rephrase the title.
• Summarise your conclusions as well as your purpose.
19. Revising and Editing
• Check whether you have fulfilled the intention of the assignment.
• Look at overall organization.
• Have you drawn conclusions between sections?
• Polish and edit your style ( word choice, sentence structure,grammar,
punctuation and spelling).
• Include a cover page.
• Number your pages.
20. Faulty Parallelism
• Clauses or phrases joined by the conjuctions should have similar grammatical
structures
• It can be repaired by paying close attention to where you place your verbs.
• Problems with parallelism arise from the careless use of clauses beginning
with the subordinating conjuction that
• Example: he warned me to revise my essay and that I should pay attention..
• He warned me to revise my essay and to pay attention ...
21. Further Resources
Teaching Reading Comprehension | Writing
Readings for Writing Instructors
Books on the Process of Reading & Writing
Books and Software for Learning English as a Second
Language | Writing
Books on Study Skills | Writing
22. •
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• ●Freedman, L. (n.d.). Previewing Writing Advice. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th,
2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/preview/
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• ●Freedman, L., & Plotnick, J. (n.d.). Introductions and Conclusions Writing Advice. Writing Advice University of
Toronto. Last visited:May 13th, 2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/intros-and-
conclusions/
• ●Knott, D. (n.d.). Critical Reading Towards Critical Writing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last
visited:May 13th, 2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/critical-reading/
• ●Plotnick, J. (n.d.). Planning and Organizing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th,
2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/organizing/
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2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/revising/revising-and-editing/
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23. • ●Procter, M. (n.d.). Revising and Editing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May
13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/revising/revising-and-editing/
• ●Procter, M.
(n.d.). Standard Documentation Formats. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May
13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/using-sources/documentation/
• ●Procter, M. & Visvis, V. (n.d.). Paragraphs. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited:
May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/paragraphs/
• ●Procter, M. (n.d.). How Not to Plagiarize. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited:
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