Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Advanced financial modelling
1.
2.
3. Income Statement($) Time (t)
Sales 100
Op. Expense 75
EBIT 25
Interest @8% 2.4
EBT 22.6
Tax@ 40 % 9.04
NI 13.56
Dividend 5
Retained Earning 8.56
Assets t Liabilities t
NFA 30 Debt 30
NCA 20 Equity 20
Total 50 Total 50
Assumptions:
Sales to increase by 30%
Margins, SCR, Interest charge,
Tax rates, Reinvestments,
Payout ratio to remain Constant
Modelling Challenge:
Project Financials for t+1 period
Predict the External Fund
needed to support the increased
sales level.
4. Income Statement t+1
Sales 130.00
OPEX 97.50
EBIT 32.50
Interest 2.68
EBT 29.82
Tax 11.93
NI 17.89
Dividend 6.60
Retained Earning 11.29
Assets t+1 Liabilities t+1
NFA 39 Debt 33.5506
NCA 26 Equity 31.2931
Total 65 Total 65
5. To learn the nuts & bolts of the Model
Build a simple Integrated Model in Excel
Validate the Assumptions
Conduct Sensitivity test
Create Financial report
6. To generate thousands of scenarios and build
Distribution for Financial Metrics, Compute its Expected
Value and Standard error of the estimate.
Answer the following questions:
What is the probability of earning, say a million dollar
next year?
What is probability of making a loss, next year ?
What is the confidence interval for predictions ?
What is the probability, that the firm would default on its
debt obligations?
7. Using Financial Model Outputs
Firm’s EquityValue
EnterpriseValue
IntangiblesValue
LiquidationValue