1 - Advanced 3D modelling and analysis of masonry structures
Dr Lorenzo Macorini
CSM Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Imperial College London
This document summarizes numerical simulations conducted using the VecTor2 software to model the bond stress-slip effect of reinforced concrete on the pushover behavior of walls. The simulations considered the influence of bond stress-slip on the shear force, crack patterns, and displacement of reinforced concrete walls under loading. The results of the VecTor2 simulations were compared to experimental test data. The simulations were able to predict the lateral force, crack patterns, and displacements observed in the experimental tests. The simulations also provided stress and strain distributions in the walls. The bond stress-slip models in VecTor2 helped predict the wall behavior observed in experiments.
The document presents a study that analyzes the influence of seismic action on reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infill panels. Three structural systems are considered: bare frames without infill, infilled frames where the masonry is isolated from the structure, and infilled frames where the masonry interacts with the structure. Nonlinear pushover analyses are conducted on RC frames with 4-7 stories under different seismic intensities. The results show that infilled frames have significantly higher load capacity than bare frames, with the interacting infill system providing the greatest increase in strength and stiffness.
Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic Behavior in RC Building...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
IRJET- Experimental and Analytical Study on Masonry Panels Strengthened with ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental and analytical study comparing the strength of masonry panels strengthened with geotextile strips in different patterns. Masonry walls are vulnerable to seismic loads due to their high mass and lack of ductility. Geotextiles have been used to strengthen masonry panels and improve their seismic performance. Experimental testing was conducted on masonry panels with and without geotextile strengthening under diagonal compression. Analytical models were also developed using finite element software to simulate the panel behavior and compare results. The study aims to evaluate the in-plane strength improvement of masonry panels strengthened with locally available geotextiles in different geometric patterns.
This document describes a finite element method for modeling complex 3D crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials like concrete. The method embeds cohesive elements between solid elements in initial finite element meshes to model potential cracks. Neither remeshing nor predefined crack paths are required. The method was implemented in ABAQUS and used to model crack propagation in four concrete structure examples, showing good agreement with tests or other simulations. The method offers engineers an efficient tool for 3D fracture modeling using a commercial finite element package.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS OF PRECAST CONCRETE BEAM-COLU...Franco Bontempi
Especially to precast concrete structure connections are one of the most essential parts. Connections transfer forces between precast members, so the interaction between precast units is obtained. They are generally the
weakest link in the structure. An acceptable performance of precast concrete structure depends especially on the
appropriate kind of connections choice, adequate detailing of components and design of the connections is fundamental. It is interesting to study the behavior of connecting elements and to compare different solutions of ductile connections for precast concrete structures in case of horizontal applied force and vertical imposed displacement, as well as those produced by hazards situation, like that earthquake and explosion, whereby topics of structure robustness are carried out. The case of study is an innovative dissipative system of connection between precast concrete elements, usable for buildings and bridges, the investigation of these topics is carried out by F.E.A. by program DIANA with comparison with results obtained independently with ASTER.
This document describes research using neural networks to predict the propagation path of plastic hinges in moment resisting frames under seismic loading. Pushover analyses were conducted on various frame configurations to create a database for training a neural network. The neural network takes frame element stiffness values as input and outputs the plastic hinge condition at different nodes. Training results showed the network could accurately predict plastic hinge distribution and collapse mechanisms. Validation on additional frames found reasonable correlation between predicted and actual plastic hinge statuses. The research demonstrates neural networks may provide a useful tool for assessing frame post-elastic behavior and collapse mechanisms at the design stage.
Analytical Study on Flexural Behaviour of RCC Slabs with Concealed Beams usin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete slabs with concealed beams and drop beams using ANSYS software. The study aims to understand the structural performance of slabs with concealed beams compared to drop beams. A 3D finite element model was created to analyze simply supported slabs with M25 and M30 concrete grades. The load-deflection behavior, crack patterns, and load carrying capacity from the finite element analysis were compared to experimental results to validate the accuracy of the finite element model.
This document summarizes numerical simulations conducted using the VecTor2 software to model the bond stress-slip effect of reinforced concrete on the pushover behavior of walls. The simulations considered the influence of bond stress-slip on the shear force, crack patterns, and displacement of reinforced concrete walls under loading. The results of the VecTor2 simulations were compared to experimental test data. The simulations were able to predict the lateral force, crack patterns, and displacements observed in the experimental tests. The simulations also provided stress and strain distributions in the walls. The bond stress-slip models in VecTor2 helped predict the wall behavior observed in experiments.
The document presents a study that analyzes the influence of seismic action on reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infill panels. Three structural systems are considered: bare frames without infill, infilled frames where the masonry is isolated from the structure, and infilled frames where the masonry interacts with the structure. Nonlinear pushover analyses are conducted on RC frames with 4-7 stories under different seismic intensities. The results show that infilled frames have significantly higher load capacity than bare frames, with the interacting infill system providing the greatest increase in strength and stiffness.
Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic Behavior in RC Building...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
IRJET- Experimental and Analytical Study on Masonry Panels Strengthened with ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental and analytical study comparing the strength of masonry panels strengthened with geotextile strips in different patterns. Masonry walls are vulnerable to seismic loads due to their high mass and lack of ductility. Geotextiles have been used to strengthen masonry panels and improve their seismic performance. Experimental testing was conducted on masonry panels with and without geotextile strengthening under diagonal compression. Analytical models were also developed using finite element software to simulate the panel behavior and compare results. The study aims to evaluate the in-plane strength improvement of masonry panels strengthened with locally available geotextiles in different geometric patterns.
This document describes a finite element method for modeling complex 3D crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials like concrete. The method embeds cohesive elements between solid elements in initial finite element meshes to model potential cracks. Neither remeshing nor predefined crack paths are required. The method was implemented in ABAQUS and used to model crack propagation in four concrete structure examples, showing good agreement with tests or other simulations. The method offers engineers an efficient tool for 3D fracture modeling using a commercial finite element package.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS OF PRECAST CONCRETE BEAM-COLU...Franco Bontempi
Especially to precast concrete structure connections are one of the most essential parts. Connections transfer forces between precast members, so the interaction between precast units is obtained. They are generally the
weakest link in the structure. An acceptable performance of precast concrete structure depends especially on the
appropriate kind of connections choice, adequate detailing of components and design of the connections is fundamental. It is interesting to study the behavior of connecting elements and to compare different solutions of ductile connections for precast concrete structures in case of horizontal applied force and vertical imposed displacement, as well as those produced by hazards situation, like that earthquake and explosion, whereby topics of structure robustness are carried out. The case of study is an innovative dissipative system of connection between precast concrete elements, usable for buildings and bridges, the investigation of these topics is carried out by F.E.A. by program DIANA with comparison with results obtained independently with ASTER.
This document describes research using neural networks to predict the propagation path of plastic hinges in moment resisting frames under seismic loading. Pushover analyses were conducted on various frame configurations to create a database for training a neural network. The neural network takes frame element stiffness values as input and outputs the plastic hinge condition at different nodes. Training results showed the network could accurately predict plastic hinge distribution and collapse mechanisms. Validation on additional frames found reasonable correlation between predicted and actual plastic hinge statuses. The research demonstrates neural networks may provide a useful tool for assessing frame post-elastic behavior and collapse mechanisms at the design stage.
Analytical Study on Flexural Behaviour of RCC Slabs with Concealed Beams usin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete slabs with concealed beams and drop beams using ANSYS software. The study aims to understand the structural performance of slabs with concealed beams compared to drop beams. A 3D finite element model was created to analyze simply supported slabs with M25 and M30 concrete grades. The load-deflection behavior, crack patterns, and load carrying capacity from the finite element analysis were compared to experimental results to validate the accuracy of the finite element model.
This document reviews the use of ANSYS finite element analysis software to model reactive powder concrete (RPC). It discusses how ANSYS can be used to perform various types of structural analyses, including static, modal, transient dynamic and buckling analyses. The review then describes how RPC specimens were modeled and meshed in ANSYS, and the results obtained, including stress contours showing higher shear stresses at connections. It concludes RPC behaves in an elasto-plastic manner initially, then is plastic dominated, and that fiber reinforcement improves its shear strength through fiber pullout and dowel action.
The document analyzes failure in timber boards under tensile loading initiated by knots. It identifies the basic failure mechanisms for longitudinal tensile failure and failure in timber boards containing knots. Models and methods are discussed, including cohesive zone models and finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Strain distributions are analyzed around various knot configurations under tensile loading. The objectives of identifying failure mechanisms and checking applicability of cohesive models are determined to be fulfilled. Further development of simulation methods is recommended.
Investigation of the Behaviour for Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Non Linear...IJMER
The document summarizes an investigation of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams using nonlinear 3D finite element analysis. It describes modeling concrete and reinforcement, applying a finite element method using brick elements for concrete and smeared layers for reinforcement. Results show good agreement with previous studies, with steel stresses and deflections within 15% of other solutions. Increasing beam width, depth, and subgrade reaction decreases maximum deflection and steel stress. The analysis method captures the behavior of reinforced concrete beams on elastic foundations subjected to different loads.
Dynamic Analysis of Soft Storey Frame with IsolatorsIJMTST Journal
Soft storey buildings are very common in Indian housing construction and the bottom storey is left open without walls for car parking. Past earthquakes showed that these kinds of buildings performed poor and the damages are also heavy. As the base isolation is a technique developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an earthquake, this study focuses on the time history analysis of a soft-storey building with and without lead rubber isolator. The soft-storey building with and without isolator is analysed using Elcenrto earthquake data and the dynamic characteristics are compared.
This document describes a design procedure for prestressed concrete beams that aims to optimize the layout of ordinary reinforcement. The procedure is based on an analytical model that uses a unified approach to simulate the interaction between axial force, bending moment, and shear force in reinforced and prestressed concrete elements. The model assumes compressive and tensile stress fields in the concrete and reinforcement. It was validated against experimental test results and nonlinear finite element analyses. An example application of the full design procedure for a prestressed concrete bridge beam is also presented.
The document presents a study on using the NURBS-based isogeometric finite element method for free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated composite plates. Key points:
- An isogeometric finite element method is developed using NURBS basis functions for the approximation of deflection fields and geometry parameterization.
- The Lagrange multiplier method is used to enforce essential boundary conditions and an orthogonal transformation technique is applied to the discrete eigenvalue equation.
- Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method for laminated composite plates with different boundary conditions, fiber orientations, and modes of vibration/buckling. Results are verified against analytical and other numerical solutions.
ANALYSIS OF BEAM COLUMN JUNCTION USING HIGH GRADE CONCRETEIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the use of high-grade concrete at beam-column junctions in reinforced concrete structures. A structural model was created using STAAD Pro software to model a multi-story building frame. Different concrete grades from M20 to M50 were assigned to nodes at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 lengths of the beam-column junction region. The model was analyzed under various load combinations, and results showed reductions in both node and beam displacements when higher-grade concrete was used at the junctions. Specifically, using M50 concrete led to 20-30% reductions in node displacement and 10-29% reductions in beam displacement. Therefore, the study concluded that increasing the concrete grade at
Stress, strain and orientation fields in deformed FCC polycrystals Srihari Sundar
Stress, strain and orientation fields in deformed FCC polycrystals
1) Micromechanical models are used to validate understanding of materials behavior and develop reliable models for simulating forming processes. These include mean-field and full-field crystal plasticity models.
2) Mean-field models like VPSC provide fast qualitative predictions but overestimate anisotropy and cannot capture spatially varying properties. Full-field crystal plasticity FE and FFT models use 3D microstructure data and solve for local fields without assumptions.
3) Simulation results from a crystal plasticity FFT model show heterogeneous stress, strain, and orientation fields develop within the polycrystalline microstructure during deformation. Certain grains experience higher stresses
This document presents the results of a study that used finite element analysis to evaluate the seismic performance of three-story and six-story buildings with plus-shaped shear walls. The study compared the results of equivalent static analysis, response spectrum analysis, and nonlinear static pushover analysis based on guidelines in Indian seismic codes. The pushover analysis was found to provide more accurate predictions of structural response compared to the linear analysis methods by accounting for nonlinear material behavior and P-delta effects. Increasing the building height from three to six stories increased the structural drift and base shear obtained from the analyses.
Performance Based Evaluation of Shear Walled RCC Building by Pushover AnalysisIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This paper presents a new methodology for generating complex free-form structures using cyclidic nets through Möbius geometry. The methodology relies on spherical inversion and discrete Combescure transformations to generate super-canal surfaces from two or three curves. These super-canal surfaces have planar lines of curvature that allow for efficient structural layout and meshing with planar quadrilateral facets. The methodology enriches constructive geometry approaches and the surfaces generated are at equilibrium under uniform normal loading, making them suitable for free-form architectural and structural design.
The Long Way towards a Sound Framework for Structural Design: 10 Years of Exp...Franco Bontempi
This paper focuses on the different conceptual frameworks that govern the structural problem and provides an insight on the results obtained from structural analysis, towards a sound framework for structural design. The interdisciplinary of many aspects is highlighted, considering the developments on the sustainable development and the architectonic design, and the availability of modern technologies that nowadays are integrated
in the structural forms. The paper provides significant concepts and case studies (long span bridges, offshore wind turbines, high-rise buildings etc.), studied thoroughly in the last 10 years in the Sapienza University of Rome by the research group on structural analysis and design www.francobontempi.org.
“A REVIEW STUDY ON PUSHOVER ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRIC BUILDING ON FLAT & SLOPING ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes pushover analysis that was conducted on symmetric buildings located on flat and sloping surfaces. Pushover analysis using ETABS software evaluated how dynamic features like base shear, roof displacement, and hinge formation differed between building models. Previous studies on pushover analysis of buildings on sloping ground with or without soil-structure interaction were also reviewed. The analysis found that buildings on sloping surfaces experienced less displacement and softer story drift compared to equivalent buildings on flat surfaces. Hinge conditions at the performance point provided insights into the structural response.
The document provides information on the structural evaluation of the Basilica San Francesco church in Bologna, Italy. It discusses the church's history, Gothic architectural elements, construction typology, results of non-destructive testing, structural analysis of the vaults, and proposed strengthening techniques. The church was constructed in the 13th century and shows potential out-of-plane failure mechanisms in the façade that require stabilization through techniques like fiber-reinforced polymers or belting systems. Non-destructive testing provided data on material properties to inform the structural analysis and strengthening design.
The document describes the design and analysis of a G+2 multi-storey building using ETABS software. It includes modeling the building in ETABS, defining material properties, performing load calculations, and analyzing results such as shear force and bending moment diagrams. The objectives are to analyze the building under different ground motions and lateral load systems. The methodology adopted is to model the frame, braced frames, and frame with shear walls to compare responses. Load calculations are presented along with design constants. Maximum story displacement and design shear forces are reported. It was concluded that including the basement in the analysis and considering seismic loads for the basement structure is important for high-rise buildings.
This document discusses different modeling approaches for finite element analysis of masonry structures. It compares the springs modeling approach and expanded units modeling approach by applying them to numerically model and analyze the behavior of four experimental masonry walls under various static and pseudo-dynamic loading conditions. Both approaches are able to predict the load capacities of the walls with reasonable accuracy compared to experimental data, but the expanded units approach is found to be more versatile and accurate. The document also outlines future research directions around improving the accuracy and capabilities of the modeling approaches.
Corso di Dottorato in Ottimizzazione Strutturale, gennaio 2023 - parte II
https://phd.uniroma1.it/web/corso---ottimizzazione-strutturale_nS4040IT_IT.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0L69ISShHkq3VGvHG_iTYtcYsV4XdLMxW5pXOyy8Kwd52h790Hb9YcMeI
Comparative Study on Masonry Infill, Friction Dampers and Bare Frame Structur...IRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic response of a 10-story building modeled with three different configurations: a bare frame, a frame with masonry infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts, and a frame with friction dampers. Non-linear time history analysis was performed using the EL Centro earthquake record. The addition of masonry infills increased the lateral stiffness and decreased displacements and column moments but also increased base shear and accelerations. The use of friction dampers effectively dissipated energy and reduced the structural response compared to the bare frame, without increasing other demands. Analysis results for story acceleration, displacement, column moment, and base shear are presented for each model.
A comparison between ELID grinding and nano-grinding in which
mechanical dressing is used is shown in the figure.
• The mechanical force employed on the material in ELID is 10 times higher
than when mechanical dressing is employed. But the surface roughness
using electrochemical grinding is significantly lower.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of M-30 and M-90 Grade of Concrete and...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the mechanical properties of M-30 and M-90 grade concrete and the effects of different temperatures on their properties. Cubes, cylinders and prisms of M-30 and M-90 concrete were cast and cured for 28 days. They were then subjected to thermal cycles of heating to temperatures from 27°C to 400°C for 8 hours followed by cooling. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of the specimens were tested after various numbers of thermal cycles. The results showed that the high strength M-90 concrete experienced greater reductions in strength compared to the standard M-30 concrete when subjected to higher temperatures and increasing number of thermal cycles. The residual properties of both concretes
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR STRUCTURE WITH...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of seismic analysis of regular and irregular structures with and without post-tensioned slabs. A 10-story building model is created in ETABS software and response spectrum analysis is performed. Results show displacement is higher in regular structures compared to similar structures using post-tensioned slabs. Irregular structures are more affected by torsion during seismic activity. The aim is to analyze and compare seismic responses of structures with and without post-tensioned slabs to study their performance.
Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research | Vol....Bilingual Publishing Group
The document summarizes a numerical model for predicting failure in reinforced concrete beams using damage mechanics and classical laminate theory. The model discretizes beam cross-sections into layers and assigns different material models (e.g. elastic-plastic) to concrete and steel layers. Damage evolution in concrete is modeled using Mazars' isotropic damage model. Results from the numerical model are compared to experimental data to validate the approach. The model can capture nonlinear stress-strain behavior and predict failure mechanisms like concrete cracking and steel yielding.
This document reviews the use of ANSYS finite element analysis software to model reactive powder concrete (RPC). It discusses how ANSYS can be used to perform various types of structural analyses, including static, modal, transient dynamic and buckling analyses. The review then describes how RPC specimens were modeled and meshed in ANSYS, and the results obtained, including stress contours showing higher shear stresses at connections. It concludes RPC behaves in an elasto-plastic manner initially, then is plastic dominated, and that fiber reinforcement improves its shear strength through fiber pullout and dowel action.
The document analyzes failure in timber boards under tensile loading initiated by knots. It identifies the basic failure mechanisms for longitudinal tensile failure and failure in timber boards containing knots. Models and methods are discussed, including cohesive zone models and finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Strain distributions are analyzed around various knot configurations under tensile loading. The objectives of identifying failure mechanisms and checking applicability of cohesive models are determined to be fulfilled. Further development of simulation methods is recommended.
Investigation of the Behaviour for Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Non Linear...IJMER
The document summarizes an investigation of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams using nonlinear 3D finite element analysis. It describes modeling concrete and reinforcement, applying a finite element method using brick elements for concrete and smeared layers for reinforcement. Results show good agreement with previous studies, with steel stresses and deflections within 15% of other solutions. Increasing beam width, depth, and subgrade reaction decreases maximum deflection and steel stress. The analysis method captures the behavior of reinforced concrete beams on elastic foundations subjected to different loads.
Dynamic Analysis of Soft Storey Frame with IsolatorsIJMTST Journal
Soft storey buildings are very common in Indian housing construction and the bottom storey is left open without walls for car parking. Past earthquakes showed that these kinds of buildings performed poor and the damages are also heavy. As the base isolation is a technique developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an earthquake, this study focuses on the time history analysis of a soft-storey building with and without lead rubber isolator. The soft-storey building with and without isolator is analysed using Elcenrto earthquake data and the dynamic characteristics are compared.
This document describes a design procedure for prestressed concrete beams that aims to optimize the layout of ordinary reinforcement. The procedure is based on an analytical model that uses a unified approach to simulate the interaction between axial force, bending moment, and shear force in reinforced and prestressed concrete elements. The model assumes compressive and tensile stress fields in the concrete and reinforcement. It was validated against experimental test results and nonlinear finite element analyses. An example application of the full design procedure for a prestressed concrete bridge beam is also presented.
The document presents a study on using the NURBS-based isogeometric finite element method for free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated composite plates. Key points:
- An isogeometric finite element method is developed using NURBS basis functions for the approximation of deflection fields and geometry parameterization.
- The Lagrange multiplier method is used to enforce essential boundary conditions and an orthogonal transformation technique is applied to the discrete eigenvalue equation.
- Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method for laminated composite plates with different boundary conditions, fiber orientations, and modes of vibration/buckling. Results are verified against analytical and other numerical solutions.
ANALYSIS OF BEAM COLUMN JUNCTION USING HIGH GRADE CONCRETEIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the use of high-grade concrete at beam-column junctions in reinforced concrete structures. A structural model was created using STAAD Pro software to model a multi-story building frame. Different concrete grades from M20 to M50 were assigned to nodes at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 lengths of the beam-column junction region. The model was analyzed under various load combinations, and results showed reductions in both node and beam displacements when higher-grade concrete was used at the junctions. Specifically, using M50 concrete led to 20-30% reductions in node displacement and 10-29% reductions in beam displacement. Therefore, the study concluded that increasing the concrete grade at
Stress, strain and orientation fields in deformed FCC polycrystals Srihari Sundar
Stress, strain and orientation fields in deformed FCC polycrystals
1) Micromechanical models are used to validate understanding of materials behavior and develop reliable models for simulating forming processes. These include mean-field and full-field crystal plasticity models.
2) Mean-field models like VPSC provide fast qualitative predictions but overestimate anisotropy and cannot capture spatially varying properties. Full-field crystal plasticity FE and FFT models use 3D microstructure data and solve for local fields without assumptions.
3) Simulation results from a crystal plasticity FFT model show heterogeneous stress, strain, and orientation fields develop within the polycrystalline microstructure during deformation. Certain grains experience higher stresses
This document presents the results of a study that used finite element analysis to evaluate the seismic performance of three-story and six-story buildings with plus-shaped shear walls. The study compared the results of equivalent static analysis, response spectrum analysis, and nonlinear static pushover analysis based on guidelines in Indian seismic codes. The pushover analysis was found to provide more accurate predictions of structural response compared to the linear analysis methods by accounting for nonlinear material behavior and P-delta effects. Increasing the building height from three to six stories increased the structural drift and base shear obtained from the analyses.
Performance Based Evaluation of Shear Walled RCC Building by Pushover AnalysisIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This paper presents a new methodology for generating complex free-form structures using cyclidic nets through Möbius geometry. The methodology relies on spherical inversion and discrete Combescure transformations to generate super-canal surfaces from two or three curves. These super-canal surfaces have planar lines of curvature that allow for efficient structural layout and meshing with planar quadrilateral facets. The methodology enriches constructive geometry approaches and the surfaces generated are at equilibrium under uniform normal loading, making them suitable for free-form architectural and structural design.
The Long Way towards a Sound Framework for Structural Design: 10 Years of Exp...Franco Bontempi
This paper focuses on the different conceptual frameworks that govern the structural problem and provides an insight on the results obtained from structural analysis, towards a sound framework for structural design. The interdisciplinary of many aspects is highlighted, considering the developments on the sustainable development and the architectonic design, and the availability of modern technologies that nowadays are integrated
in the structural forms. The paper provides significant concepts and case studies (long span bridges, offshore wind turbines, high-rise buildings etc.), studied thoroughly in the last 10 years in the Sapienza University of Rome by the research group on structural analysis and design www.francobontempi.org.
“A REVIEW STUDY ON PUSHOVER ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRIC BUILDING ON FLAT & SLOPING ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes pushover analysis that was conducted on symmetric buildings located on flat and sloping surfaces. Pushover analysis using ETABS software evaluated how dynamic features like base shear, roof displacement, and hinge formation differed between building models. Previous studies on pushover analysis of buildings on sloping ground with or without soil-structure interaction were also reviewed. The analysis found that buildings on sloping surfaces experienced less displacement and softer story drift compared to equivalent buildings on flat surfaces. Hinge conditions at the performance point provided insights into the structural response.
The document provides information on the structural evaluation of the Basilica San Francesco church in Bologna, Italy. It discusses the church's history, Gothic architectural elements, construction typology, results of non-destructive testing, structural analysis of the vaults, and proposed strengthening techniques. The church was constructed in the 13th century and shows potential out-of-plane failure mechanisms in the façade that require stabilization through techniques like fiber-reinforced polymers or belting systems. Non-destructive testing provided data on material properties to inform the structural analysis and strengthening design.
The document describes the design and analysis of a G+2 multi-storey building using ETABS software. It includes modeling the building in ETABS, defining material properties, performing load calculations, and analyzing results such as shear force and bending moment diagrams. The objectives are to analyze the building under different ground motions and lateral load systems. The methodology adopted is to model the frame, braced frames, and frame with shear walls to compare responses. Load calculations are presented along with design constants. Maximum story displacement and design shear forces are reported. It was concluded that including the basement in the analysis and considering seismic loads for the basement structure is important for high-rise buildings.
This document discusses different modeling approaches for finite element analysis of masonry structures. It compares the springs modeling approach and expanded units modeling approach by applying them to numerically model and analyze the behavior of four experimental masonry walls under various static and pseudo-dynamic loading conditions. Both approaches are able to predict the load capacities of the walls with reasonable accuracy compared to experimental data, but the expanded units approach is found to be more versatile and accurate. The document also outlines future research directions around improving the accuracy and capabilities of the modeling approaches.
Corso di Dottorato in Ottimizzazione Strutturale, gennaio 2023 - parte II
https://phd.uniroma1.it/web/corso---ottimizzazione-strutturale_nS4040IT_IT.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0L69ISShHkq3VGvHG_iTYtcYsV4XdLMxW5pXOyy8Kwd52h790Hb9YcMeI
Comparative Study on Masonry Infill, Friction Dampers and Bare Frame Structur...IRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic response of a 10-story building modeled with three different configurations: a bare frame, a frame with masonry infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts, and a frame with friction dampers. Non-linear time history analysis was performed using the EL Centro earthquake record. The addition of masonry infills increased the lateral stiffness and decreased displacements and column moments but also increased base shear and accelerations. The use of friction dampers effectively dissipated energy and reduced the structural response compared to the bare frame, without increasing other demands. Analysis results for story acceleration, displacement, column moment, and base shear are presented for each model.
A comparison between ELID grinding and nano-grinding in which
mechanical dressing is used is shown in the figure.
• The mechanical force employed on the material in ELID is 10 times higher
than when mechanical dressing is employed. But the surface roughness
using electrochemical grinding is significantly lower.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of M-30 and M-90 Grade of Concrete and...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the mechanical properties of M-30 and M-90 grade concrete and the effects of different temperatures on their properties. Cubes, cylinders and prisms of M-30 and M-90 concrete were cast and cured for 28 days. They were then subjected to thermal cycles of heating to temperatures from 27°C to 400°C for 8 hours followed by cooling. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of the specimens were tested after various numbers of thermal cycles. The results showed that the high strength M-90 concrete experienced greater reductions in strength compared to the standard M-30 concrete when subjected to higher temperatures and increasing number of thermal cycles. The residual properties of both concretes
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR STRUCTURE WITH...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of seismic analysis of regular and irregular structures with and without post-tensioned slabs. A 10-story building model is created in ETABS software and response spectrum analysis is performed. Results show displacement is higher in regular structures compared to similar structures using post-tensioned slabs. Irregular structures are more affected by torsion during seismic activity. The aim is to analyze and compare seismic responses of structures with and without post-tensioned slabs to study their performance.
Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research | Vol....Bilingual Publishing Group
The document summarizes a numerical model for predicting failure in reinforced concrete beams using damage mechanics and classical laminate theory. The model discretizes beam cross-sections into layers and assigns different material models (e.g. elastic-plastic) to concrete and steel layers. Damage evolution in concrete is modeled using Mazars' isotropic damage model. Results from the numerical model are compared to experimental data to validate the approach. The model can capture nonlinear stress-strain behavior and predict failure mechanisms like concrete cracking and steel yielding.
IRJET- Evaluation of P-Delta Effect in Seismic Response of Tall StructuresIRJET Journal
This document evaluates the P-delta effect on the seismic response of tall structures. It presents the results of a static analysis of a 10-story reinforced concrete building carried out in ETABS software. The building was analyzed considering P-delta effects (non-linear static analysis) and without considering P-delta effects (linear static analysis) for seismic zones II and III. The results show that parameters like displacement, storey force, and moment are higher when P-delta effects are considered. Therefore, P-delta effect is significant and should not be neglected in the design of tall structures in seismic zones.
This document discusses the assessment of seismic susceptibility of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and the importance of vulnerability assessment in mitigating earthquake risks and losses. It then describes modeling the nonlinear behavior of RC building elements and performing pushover analysis to evaluate building performance. The document outlines modeling RC frames and developing moment-curvature relationships. It also summarizes the results of pushover analyses on sample 2D and 3D RC frames with and without shear walls. The conclusions emphasize that pushover analysis effectively assesses building properties but has limitations, and that capacity spectrum method provides appropriate results for evaluating building response and retrofitting impact.
IMPACT OF REDUCTION IN STIFFNESS OF SLAB ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF RCC STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
The document discusses the impact of reducing the out-of-plane stiffness of slabs on the behavior of reinforced concrete structures. It presents the results of a response spectrum analysis performed on four models of a 32-story reinforced concrete building, where the out-of-plane stiffness modifier of slabs was reduced from 0.25 to 0.01 between the models. The analysis found that lateral displacement and story drift increased with lower slab stiffness modifiers, while reinforcement demands in shear walls also increased. Reducing slab stiffness better captures cracking effects and improves the seismic performance assessment of such structures.
This paper presents crack detection in concrete structure based on fuzzy logic. Safety inspection of concrete structures is very important since it is closely related with the structural health and reliability. Automated structural health monitoring system becomes necessity in recent years that encourages various researches to be going on in this area. Cheap availability of digital cameras makes research work in this field easier. This paper presents digital image processing and fuzzy logic based efficient crack detection technique in concrete structure. Here features from digital image of concrete structure are extracted by using morphological image processing technique and then extracted features are fed to fuzzy logic to accurately identify the crack.
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This document summarizes a lecture on linear random vibration analysis for structures subjected to seismic excitation. Some key points:
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Numerical and experimental investigation on existing structures: two seminars
1. Advanced 3D Modelling and
Analysis of Masonry Structures
Dr Lorenzo Macorini
CSM Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Imperial College London
Rome, 30 January 2018
2. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Outline
• Modelling strategies for masonry
• The proposed mesoscale model for brick-masonry
• Nonlinear analysis of brick-masonry components
• Mesh tying for representing heterogeneous systems and
enhancing computational efficiency
• Mesoscale Partitioned Modelling
• Numerical examples
• Conclusions
3. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Structural masonry
• Most structures built before the second half of the
19th century are masonry structures.
• At present masonry is mainly used for housing
developments, cladding and partition walls.
• Research on masonry is essential to:
- assess the behaviour of existing structures;
- develop effective strengthening measures;
- explore the response under extreme loading;
- investigate new construction products.
4. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Masonry under extreme loading
5. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Assessment of Masonry Bridges
Arch bonding patterns (McKibbins et al., 2006)
Backfill
Load test to collapse on an arch bridge at
Preston, Staffordshire (Page, 1987)
6. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling strategies for masonry structures
FE modelling Macro-modelling
Equivalent material approach
Micro-modelling
Two-material approach
Material model
Lourenço, 1996
Lourenço,
1996
7. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Macroscale model
Equivalent material
approach
Mesoscale model
Two-material approach
Structural
scale
Mesoscale
scale
Microscale
scale
Scale of representation
Anisotropy
Chemical -
Environmental
actions
Modelling strategies for masonry structures
Massart, 2003
8. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling strategies for masonry structures
Macroscale
models
A.W. Page (1983), The strength of brick
masonry under biaxial tension‐compression,
Int. J. Masonry Constr., 3(1).
• Specific phenomenological nonlinear models should be used
• Damage induced anisotropy cannot be effectively represented
• Problematic identification of material parameters for existing
structures
9. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling strategies for masonry structures
Macroscale
models
• Specific phenomenological nonlinear models should be used
• Damage induced anisotropy cannot be effectively represented
• Problematic identification of material parameters for existing
structures
Initial
orthotropy and
periodicity
Damage-
induced
orthotropic
state
Damage-induced
non-orthotropic
state
Massart, 2003
10. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling strategies for masonry structures
• Specific phenomenological nonlinear models should be used
• Damage induced anisotropy cannot be effectively represented
• Problematic identification of material parameters for existing
structures
Macroscale
models
11. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling strategies for masonry structures
• Material behaviour is associated with the scale of constituents
• Masonry bond is explicitly taken into account
• Mesoscale models can represent damage induced anisotropy
Tests on brick and mortar
Material identification:
Mesoscale
models
12. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Masonry nonlinear behaviour depends upon the composition, the in-
plane stacking mode and the through-thickness geometry
Through-thickness
geometry
In-plane stacking mode
3D mesoscale modelling for masonry
13. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
3D mesoscale modelling for masonry
Shieh-Beygi & Pietruszczak, Computer &
Structures 2008
Milani, Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2008
• 3D mesoscale models are used mainly in static simulations
of small components, often neglecting large displacement
contribution
• High computational cost
14. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
The proposed 3D mesoscale model
Solid and interface elements account for large displacements, while only
interface elements represent cracks in mortar and bricks
Blocks are modelled using continuum elements, while mortar and brick-
mortar interfaces are modelled by means of nonlinear interface elements
(Lourenço & Rots, 1996)
15. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
2D nonlinear interface elements
A co-rotational approach is employed to allow for large
displacements
• The local co-rotational system
follows the element current deformed
configuration
• The effects of geometric
nonlinearity are established through
transformation between global and
local entities
16. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
2D nonlinear interface elements
Material model
Multi-surface
non-associated plasticity
Elastic response
0σ = k u
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
t
t
n
k
k
k
0kElastic
stiffness
Mortar joints
0
m
t
j
G
k
h
0
m
n
j
E
k
h
2 22 2
1 tan tan 0x y tF C C
2 22 2
2 tan tan 0x y cF D D
2 2Q F
2 22 2
1 tan tan 0x y Q Q Q t QQ C C
Yield functions F1 - F2
Plastic potentials Q1 - Q2
17. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Vermeltfoort & Raijmakers, 1993
J4D J5D
Wpl1
pv=0.3 MPa
In-plane behaviour
18. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Chee Liang, 1996
Wpl1Wpl1
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Out-of-plane
behaviour
19. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Bean Popehn et al., Engineering
Structures, 2008
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Out-of-plane
behaviour
20. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Earthquake tests
66% El Centro (ag=0.23g)
• Out-of-plane failure is governed by geometric instability
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Griffith et al., JSE ASCE, 2004
Out-of-plane behaviour
21. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of masonry arches
Brick-masonry skew arch
Wang, 2004
Zhang, Macorini & Izzuddin, Engineering
Structures, 2016
22. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Improved material description for NL interfaces
• Enhanced efficiency and robustness
• It describes the response under cyclic
loading
Plasticity damage formulation
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, Meccanica 2017
Cyclic behaviour in the
normal direction
Yield functions
1 2 3 p p pK I D
Cyclic behaviour in the
tangential direction
23. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Anthoine et al., 1995
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, Meccanica, 2017
24. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, Meccanica, 2017
Anthoine et al., 1995
25. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of masonry walls
Griffith et al., EESD, 2007
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, Meccanica, 2017
26. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale Partitioned Approach
Structural scale
Solid elements and 2D
nonlinear interfaces
The advanced 3D mesoscale model is combined with a partitioning
approach allowing for parallel computation (HPC)
• Partitioning approach with super-elements
• Parallel computing enhancing efficiency Jokhio & Izzuddin, 2015
27. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Domain Partitioned Approach
Macorini & Izzuddin, AES, 2013
28. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Domain Partitioned Approach
Communication between parent structure and partitions
29. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Domain Partitioned Approach
0 20 40 60 80
Processing elements - n
0
4
8
12
16
20
Speed-up-S
m
P2
P4
P8
P16 P32
P64
m P2 P4 P8 P16 P32 P64
Parent
Structure
46080 23040 11530 5760 2880 1440 720
Partition - 384 756 1500 2232 3672 4996
Number of nodes for the parent structure and for each partition
m
i
Pi
T
S
T
• Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
Prescribed top vertical
displacements in 1 step
and top horizontal
displacements in 10 steps
uz
ux
30. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Domain Partitioned Approach
0 20 40 60 80
Processing elements - n
0
4
8
12
16
20
Speed-up-S
m
P2
P4
P8
P16 P32
P64m
i
Pi
T
S
T
Monolitic model Model with super-elements
Accuracy of the method
• Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
31. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Modelling with hierarchic partitioning (Jokhio, 2012)
32. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Modelling with partitions and master-slave coupling (Jokhio, 2012)
33. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
Standard (flat) Partitioning
Approach
Enhanced Partitioning Approach
(hierarchic partitioning)
P-L1
P-L2
34. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Numerical performance – Speed-up
Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
model
N.
processors
Parent
Struct.
DOFs
Part. L1
DOFs
Part. L2
DOFs S
m 1 142848 - - -
P4 5 2304 36864 - 4.60
P16 17 6912 9792 - 6.96
P64 65 16128 2736 - 3.24
P4 mslc 5 576 36864 - 3.73
P16 mslc 17 1728 9792 - 12.43
P64 mslc 65 4032 2736 - 116.39
P44 20 768 2304 9792 14.40
P416 69 768 2304 2736 28.65
P44 mslc 20 96 576 9792 17.63
P4x16 mslc 69 96 576 2736 205.50
Si= Tm/TSi
Tm = 13152 s
flat partitioning
35. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Speed-upS
N. of processors
P‐L1 Si= Tm/TSi
Tm = 13152 s
Flat partitioning
• Numerical performance – Speed-up
36. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Numerical performance – Speed-up
Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
model
N.
processo
rs
Parent
Struct.
DOFs
Part. L1
DOFs
Part. L2
DOFs S
m 1 142848 - - -
P4 5 2304 36864 - 4.60
P16 17 6912 9792 - 6.96
P64 65 16128 2736 - 3.24
P4 mslc 5 576 36864 - 3.73
P16 mslc 17 1728 9792 - 12.43
P64 mslc 65 4032 2736 - 116.39
P44 20 768 2304 9792 14.40
P416 69 768 2304 2736 28.65
P44 mslc 20 96 576 9792 17.63
P4x16 mslc 69 96 576 2736 205.50
Si= Tm/TSi
Tm = 13152 s
hierarchic
partitioning with
mixed-dimensional
coupling
37. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Numerical performance – Speed-up
Elastic analysis of a large URM wall (48 48 20-noded solid elements)
Si= Tm/TSi
Tm = 13152 s
38. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Solution accuracy: partitioned vs. monolithic model
Normal stresses after the application of the vertical displacement
39. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Enhancements to improve efficiency
• Solution accuracy: partitioned vs. monolithic model
Normal stresses at the end of the analysis
40. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale Partitioned Approach
162840 nodes – 62 partitions
Magenes et al., 1995
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, Meccanica 2017
41. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale Partitioned Approach
Magenes et al., 1995
162840 nodes – 62 partitions
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, Meccanica, 2017
42. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling heterogeneous structures
Infilled frames
Elasto-plastic beam elements are used for modelling beams and columns of the frame,
while the detailed mesoscale description is utilised for URM panels
Macorini & Izzuddin, JSE ASCE, 2014
43. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling heterogeneous structures
• Analysis of heterogeneous structures under extreme loading
44. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling heterogeneous structures
• Analysis of heterogeneous structures under extreme loading
Blast pressure in time
Model validation under blast loading Macorini & Izzuddin, JSE ASCE, 2014
45. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling heterogeneous structures
• Analysis of heterogeneous structures under extreme loading
46. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling heterogeneous structures
• BASIS PROJECT
Experimental tests on cavity wall specimens
under blast loading (INERIS, France)
Numerical modelling and nonlinear
analysis of cavity walls under blast loading
-20
70
160
0 1 2 3 4
mbar
Time (s)
Deflagration
47. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesh tying for non-conforming interfaces
• Modelling heterogeneous masonry components and
structures (e.g. multi-leaf walls, masonry bridges)
• Enhancing computational efficiency (mesh optimisation
for non-uniform domains)
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, IJNME 2017
New mesh tying element Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, IJNME 2017
48. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesh tying for non-conforming interfaces
• Modelling heterogeneous masonry components and
structures (e.g. multi-leaf walls, masonry bridges etc)
• Enhancing computational efficiency (mesh optimisation
for non-uniform domains)
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, IJNME 2017
49. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Modelling heterogeneous structures
• Modelling arch bridges
Parent structure
corresponding to
partitioned boundary
Communication
partition-parent
structureBrick-masonry arch
Continuum domain
Backfill
15-noded elasto-plastic
elements
Mescale masonry model
Plastic model for backfill (Zhang, 2015)
50. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
• Interaction between arch and backfill
Mesh tying for non-conforming meshes at
backfill-arch interface
Mesoscale modelling of arch bridges
51. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
• Interaction between arch and backfill
Mesh tying for non-conforming
meshes at backfill-arch interface
Mesoscale modelling of arch bridges
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, IJNME 2017
Increased Speed-up
52. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of arch bridges
Minga, Macorini & Izzuddin, IJNME 2017
Melbourne & Gilbert, Structural Engineer, 1995
53. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Mesoscale modelling of masonry buildings
• Mesoscale partitioned approach
(hierarchic partitioning)
• Mesh tying to connect
perpendicular walls and floor slabs
• Nonlinear dynamic simulations to
investigate the seismic response
54. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
Conclusions
• The proposed nonlinear FE description provides accurate response
predictions of masonry components subjected to different loading
conditions.
• The partitioning approach allows for computational efficiency and
enables the analysis of realistic structures using detailed 3D
modelling.
• The developed computational strategy can be used for high-fidelity
simulations to investigate failure modes of complex systems with
masonry and to calibrate more efficient representations for practical
assessment and design.
The proposed models for masonry have been implemented in ADAPTIC*, an advanced FE
code developed at Imperial College London for nonlinear simulations of structures
subjected to extreme loading.
* B.A. Izzuddin, Nonlinear dynamic analysis of framed structures, PhD. Imperial College
London (University of London), 1991.
55. Advanced 3D Modelling and Analysis of Masonry Structures
Lorenzo Macorini, CSM Group
References
• L. Macorini, B.A. Izzuddin, A non-linear interface element for 3D mesoscale analysis of brick-masonry
structures, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 85(2011) 1584-608.
• L. Macorini, B.A. Izzuddin, Nonlinear analysis of masonry structures using mesoscale partitioned
modelling, Advances in Engineering Software, 60 (2013), 58-69.
• L. Macorini, B.A. Izzuddin, Nonlinear Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Walls under Blast Loading Using
Mesoscale Partitioned Modeling, Journal of Structural Engineering, 140, 8(2014).
• G.A. Jokhio, B.A. Izzuddin, A dual super-element domain decomposition approach for parallel nonlinear
finite element analysis. International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and
Mechanics 16(2015) 188-212.
• Y. Zhang, L. Macorini, B.A. Izzuddin, Mesoscale partitioned analysis of brick-masonry arches, Engineering
Structures, 124 (2016) 142–166.
• E. Minga, L. Macorini, B.A. Izzuddin. A 3D mesoscale damage-plasticity approach for masonry structures
under cyclic loading. Meccanica (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0793-z.
• E. Minga, L. Macorini, B.A. Izzuddin. Enhanced Mesoscale Partitioned Modelling of Heterogeneous
Masonry Structures. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (2017),
doi:10.1002/nme.5728.