1. Adsorption of copper on
Raw, and Activated Hevea
brasiliensis
Ashwin Dhanasekar, Michael Angelo Miranda
Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, TN

2. INTRODUCTION
 The contamination of water
by toxic heavy metals
through the discharge of
industrial waste water is a
world wide environmental
problem.
 Heavy metals such as lead,
cadmium, copper, arsenic,
nickel, chromium, zinc and
mercury have been

3. Adsorption based process offer
more reliable and more efficient
removal of complex inorganic and
organic materials than many other
conventional treatment methods.
The present endeavour has been
contributed to the utilization of the
relatively common, cheap and
thrown away waste rubber wood
sawdust as a raw material for the
production of activated carbon and
using the same as an adsorbents for
removal of metal ions from waste
water.

4. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE
PRESENT WORK
 To identify the prospects of using low
cost substance as raw materials for the
production of adsorbents for removing
heavy metals such as copper, cadmium,
nickel, chromium, zinc, lead, cobalt etc
from wastewater.
 To produce activated carbon from
rubber wood sawdust by chemical
activation method using phosphoric
acid as activating agent.
 Characterization of adsorbents by
means of Iodine number, Methylene Blue
number, Methyl violet number, surface
area, SEM photographs etc.

5. To carry out the batch adsorption process
for removing copper ions from synthetic
wastewater onto adsorbents
To obtain the kinetic data and equilibrium
data in batch system by studying the
effects of different experimental
parameters such as agitation time, initial
concentration of metal ions, the dosage of
activated carbon, particle size,
temperature and pH on adsorption
capacity .

6. Adsorbent
Raw adsorbent Activated carbon
Acid Activation Base Activation

7. PREPARATION OF
ACTIVATED CARBON
TYPES OF ACTIVATION
 Physical Activation
 Chemical Activation
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
The activating agents are
Phosphoric acid
Sulphuric acid
Zinc Chloride
Potassium hydroxide

8. CHARACTERIZATION OF ADSORBENTS
Adsorben Iodine Methylen Methyl Specifi
t number e blue violet c
(mg g -1 ) number number Surfac
(mg g -1 ) (mg g -1 ) e area
(m 2 g -1 )
RHB 635.21 85 40 754.82
ACHB 756.12 170 105 971.28

9. RSD
ACHB

10. BATCH ADSORPTION
STUDIES
 Adsorption Kinetics
• Pseudo first order model
• Pseudo second order model
 Adsorption Isotherms
• Langmuir isotherm
• Freundlich isotherm
 Thermodynamic Parameters

11. Adsorption Capacity 4
EFFECT OF CONTACT
3
RHB TIME ON
(mg/g)
2
ACHB ADSORPTION
1
CAPACITY
0
0 100 200 300 400
Time (min)
7
EFFECT OF INITIAL
(mg/g)
6
5
METAL ION RHB
4
CONCENTRATION ON
Adsorption Capacity
ACHB
3
ADSORPTION
2
CAPACITY
1
0
0 20 40 60
Initial Concentration (mg/L)

12. Adsorption Capacity 6
5
4 RHB
(mg/g)
EFFECT OF ADSORBENT
3 ACHB
DOSAGE ON
2
1
ADSORPTION CAPACITY
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
Adsorbent Dose (g/100 mL)
5
EFFECT OF Adsorption Capacity
4
TEMPERATURE
RHB
(mg/g)
ON ADSORPTION 3
CAPACITY temperature on the
The effect of 2 ACHB
adsorption equilibrium were
investigated 1
under isothermal conditions in the 0
temperature range of 20 – 50 oC. 290 300 310 320 330
Temeprature (K)

13. EFFECT OF PH ON ADSORPTION CAPACITY
5
4
Adsorption Capacity
3 RHB
(mg/g)
2 ACHB
1
0
0 5 10 15
pH

14. ADSORPTION KINETICS
KINETIC MODELS
 Pseudo–First Order Equation
ln(q e – q t ) = ln q e – k 1 t
The values of q e and k 1 are obtained
by plotting a graph of ln(q e – q t ) Vs t.
 Pseudo–Second Order Equation
t / q t = 1 / ( k 2 q e2) +
t / qe
The values of k 2 and q e can be

15. KINETIC CONSTANTS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF
COPPER IONS
Adsor Pseudo first order Pseudo second qe
- model order model (expt.)
bents (mg
qe K1 R2 K2 qe R2
(min −1 g −1 )
(cal) (g (cal)
(mg ) mg −1 (mg
g −1 ) min −1 ) g −1 )
RHB 1.54 0.025 0.951 0.07 2.358 0.998 2.3183
7 9 5 5
ACHB 1.342 0.019 0.829 0.099 3.409 0.999 3.3991
9 1 4 5 6

16. ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS
ISOTHERM MODELS
 Langmuir model
C e /q e = 1/X m b + C e /X m
Hence a plot of C e /q e Vs C e
should be a straight line with a slope
1/X m and intercept as 1/X m b.
 Freundlich model
qe = Kf Ce (1/n)
or
lnq e = lnK f + 1/n lnC e
A plot of lnq e Vs lnC e should
be a straight line with a slope 1/n and

17. ISOTHERM CONSTANTS FOR THE ADSORPTION
OF COPPER IONS
Adsorbe Langmuir constants Freundlich
nts constants
Xm b R2 n K R2
(mg/g
) (mg/g)
RHB 8.110 0.050 0.976 1.468 0.546 0.999
3 7 8 9 5 7
ACHB 8.369 0.215 0.997 1.781 1.646 0.974
2 3 9 6 7 8

18. The thermodynamic properties such as
standard Gibbs free energy (∆Go), standard
enthalpy change(∆Ho) and standard entropy
change (∆So) were calculated using the
following equation.
∆Go = -RT ln Kc
ln Kc = (CBe/CAe)
The standard enthalpy (∆H˚) and entropy
(∆S˚) of adsorption were determined from the
Van’t Hoff equation,
ln Kc = (∆S˚ /R) – (∆H˚ / RT)

19. THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF
COPPER ION
T RHB ACHB
(K) ∆G˚ ∆H˚ ∆S˚ ∆G˚ ∆H˚ ∆S˚
(kJ mol - (kJ (kJ mol -1 (kJ (kJ (kJ mol -1
1
) mol - K -1 ) mol - mol - K -1 )
1
) 1
) 1
)
-
29 -0.3219
9.0
3
212
-
30
4.3
3 -0.8088
23.68 0.0814 651 -71.12 -0.2151
-
31
3.9
3 -1.5051
583
-

20. CONCLUSION
The Hevea brasiliensis saw dust which is
an agricultural waste was found to be a
very good adsorbent for the removal of
copper from aqueous solution.
The surface morphology involved in all
the adsorbents were determined by
analyzing through SEM.
Adsorption of Cu (II) on RHB and ACHB as
been shown to depend significantly on the
contact time, pH, initial concentration,
dosage and temperature.
Among the kinetic models tested, the
adsorption kinetics was best described by

21. The adsorption process is endothermic
for RHB and exothermic for ACHB.
Electrostatic attraction in addition to
ion-exchange might be involved in the
adsorption of copper ions onto MHB which
showed better adsorption capacity when
compared to ACHB, CAC and RHB.
The study revealed that this adsorbent is
inexpensive, indigenous, easily available
material and it can be used for the
removal of copper in industrial effluents.
Finally, we can conclude that ACH can
be used as a low cost alternate adsorbent
for the removal of metal-containing

22. Guided by
• Dr Lima Rose Miranda
• Ms M Helen Kalavathy

23. THANK YOU