The document summarizes a study on treating effluent from textile industries in Bangladesh. It assessed using an activated filter media (AFM) system for tertiary treatment. The study found that: 1) Existing treatment facilities are poorly managed and often discharge colored effluent without tertiary treatment. 2) Batch and column tests found AFM media had no significant adsorption capacity for color removal, with or without coagulant dosing. 3) A pilot AFM system at an industry did not effectively remove color from effluent. 4) AFM is not a suitable tertiary treatment technology for color removal from textile effluent.

1. Inventory and Tertiary Treatment of Effluent
from Textile Industries in Bangladesh
The use of a new system combining an enhanced
coagulation, flocculation and filtration
M.A.H. Badsha
Supervisor:
Prof. J.B. van Lier
Mentor(s):
C.M. Hooijmans
H.A. Garcia Hernandez Delft, April 14, 2015

2. Introduction
Effluent from textile industries is a great concern in
Bangladesh, because
• High TDS
• Chemical dyes
Major impacts:
o Causing health consequences
o Damaging agricultural lands
o Killing aquatic lives
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Source: http://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/2009/09/01/dyes-synthetic-and-natural/

3. Problem Statement
• Efficient technology to remove color is expensive
• Limited space for up-gradation
• Unplanned expansion of textile industry in rural areas
As a result, integration of a compact, low cost and
efficient technology to remove colour from textile
effluent is desired.
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4. Existing ETP of Masco Industries Ltd
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Inlet Collection Tank Aeration Tank
Secondary Clarifier EC Skid DAF unit

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Compact Treatment System
Figure: Schematic of the polishing unit using AFM grains (Dryden Aqua, 2014)
APF- All Poly Floc (mixer of poly aluminum chloride and poly electrolytes)
ZPM- Zeta Potential Mixer (static mixer)

6. Research Questions
 What technologies are available and in operation
to treat textile waste-waters in Bangladesh?
 What is the colour removal performance of a
treatment system using AFM and APF with
effluent from an existing wastewater treatment
plant at a textile industry?
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7. Research Objectives
The specific objectives of the proposed study are:
1. Make an overview of the available technologies
2. Study the adsorption capacity of colour by AFM
3. Study the effect of different flow rates on the
performance of the AFM filter media
4. Compare the performance of APF and a conventional
coagulant
5. Study the performance of the local sand against AFM
6. Run a pilot AFM system at Masco Industries Ltd
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8. Research Methodology
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Observe the removal rate of colour by adsorption,
coagulation-flocculation and filtration
Sample collection and characterization
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Batch studies
Inventory Study
Column studies
Pilot study at Masco Ind. Ltd

9. Inventory Study
Poor treatment facility
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(a) No overflow in the primary clarifier (b) Paddy field surrounded
by ETP (c) No overflow in secondary clarifier (d) No flow meter

10. Inventory Study
Sludge Management
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(a) Filter press out of operation (b) Limited space for SDB (c) Dry sludge on
SDB (d) Sludge ready to dispose

11. Batch Studies
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Wastewater Sample AFM grade-1
Adsorption Test Optimum Coagulant Dosage

12. Batch Adsorption Test Result
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RemovalEfficiency(%)
AFM Mass (gm)

13. Optimum Dosing of Coagulant “APF”
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RemovalEfficiency(%)
APF Dosage (ml/L)

14. Column Studies
Schematic of the Column Set-up
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15. Column Set-up at the Lab
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16. Results of Column Studies
(only feed water without coagulation-flocculation)
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Removal Efficiency Colour Concentration
Filtrate Volume (ml)
RemovalEfficiency(%)
Concentration(Pt.Co.)
Initial Color = 282 Pt.Co.
Initial Flow Rate = 315 ml/min

17. Effect of Different Flow Rates
(fed with supernatant after coagulation-flocculation with APF)
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Removal % for F1 Removal % for F2 Removal % for F3
Color Concen. (F1) Color Concen. (F2) Color Concen. (F3)
RemovalEfficiency(%)
Time (min)
Concentration(Pt.Co.)
Initial Color = 482 Pt.Co., Supernatant = 184 Pt.Co.
F1 = 120ml/min, F2 = 220ml/min and F3 = 350ml/min

18. Performance of the Column
(fed with supernatant after coagulation-flocculation with APF and Aluminium)
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Removal % (APF) Removal % (Aluminium)
Color Concen.(APF) Color Concen.(Aluminium)
RemovalEfficiency(%)
Time (min)
Concentration(Pt.Co.)
Initial Color = 572 Pt.Co., Supernatant (using Aluminium)= 382 Pt.Co.,
Supernatant (using APF) = 207 Pt.Co. and Flow Rate = 315ml/min

19. Performance of Sand and AFM
(fed with supernatant after coagulation-flocculation with APF)
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Removal % (Sand) Removal % (AFM)
Color Concen.(Sand) Color Concen.(AFM)
Time (min)
RemovalEfficiency(%)
Concentration(Pt.Co.)
Initial Color = 479 Pt.Co., Supernatant = 119 Pt.Co. and Flow Rate = 315ml/min

20. Backwash Efficiency with Fresh Water
(fed with supernatant after coagulation-flocculation with APF)
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Removal % (used AFM media) Removal % (fresh AFM media)
Color Concen.(used AFM) Color Concen.(fresh AFM)
RemovalEfficiency(%)
Time (min)
Concentration(Pt.Co.)
Initial Color = 257 Pt.Co., Supernatant = 64 Pt.Co. and Flow Rate = 315ml/min

21. Pilot Study at Masco Ind. Ltd
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Filter Tank APF Dosing Pump Storage Tank
Backwash pump

22. Result of the Pilot Study
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Removal % Color Concentration
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RemovalEfficiency(%)
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Initial Color = 549 Pt.Co. and Flow Rate = 1m3/h
Discharge
Standard
(In-situ coagulation-flocculation and filtration)

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Removal % (sludge) Color Concentration
Time (sec)
RemovalEfficiency(%)
Concentration(Pt.Co.)
Backwash Efficiency
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Flow Rate = 12m3/h

24. Proposed Treatment Scheme
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AFM System

25. Conclusions
Regarding the overview on the existing treatment technology:
o Illegal discharge of wastewater
o poorly managed and often non-operational
o coloured effluent is being discharged without any tertiary treatment
o Sludge management is important and needs immediate attention
Regarding activated filter media (AFM) and APF dosing:
o The AFM media has no significant adsorption capacity (with and without
APF dosing)
o APF is a good coagulant compared to aluminium
o Performance of local sand is better than AFM filter media
o Coagulation and flocculation followed by a clarifier could be good enough
Regarding AFM system
o Not suitable as a tertiary treatment system to remove color at a textile
industry
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