The study was aimed to assess the perceived opinion of rice growers on benefits and also the constraints encountered by the rice growers on farm mechanization. A sample of 160 rice growers from eight villages in Thamirabarani command area was selected for the study. The respondents were interviewed personally through a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that the Overall Mean Opinion Score was 3.91 which indicated that farm mechanization was beneficial to the rice growers in many aspects. The major benefits of farm mechanization as perceived by the respondents were farm mechanization helped in operating agricultural works quickly (MOS 4.97), performing farm operations in time (MOS 4.86), overcoming labour shortage problem (MOS 4.75), minimizing work burden of labours (MOS 4.61) and improving working condition of farmers (MOS 4.03). Regarding constraints, most of the respondents expressed lack of credit facilities (98.75 per cent), high fuel cost (98.75 per cent), high initial cost (97.50 per cent), low resale value for farm implements and machineries (97.50 per cent), high maintenance cost (95.00 per cent), lack of training (94.38 per cent) and lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm implements and machineries (93.13 per cent) as the constraints in rice mechanization. P. Panneer Selvam | Dr. S. Somasundaram"Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area of Tamil Nadu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15822.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/15822/benefits-and-constraints-of-rice-mechanization-in-thamirabarani-command-area-of-tamil-nadu/p-panneer-selvam
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
The aim of this research to analyst agribusiness performance and feasibility of Madura
cattle, especially in Galis region, Madura. The advantages of this research are to give
information’s of Madura cattle agribusiness performance which could use as added value of
rural cattle agribusiness development.
This result done at Galis region, which selected area are Galis subdistrict, Larangan
subdistrict and Pademawu subdistrict by purpossive sampling method on that consideration
Madura cattle population and similarities of Madura cattle management. This is survey
research with observation and respondents interview in current time. This research used
descriptive analysist based on working agribusiness system and Net Farm Income (NFI)analyzed for feasibility analysist.
The conclusion of this research are (1) Madura cattle agribusiness performance in Galis
region was supported by the farmers, but still need optimized by sub-systems unit in order
to develop farmer welfare; (2) Madura cattle agribusiness in Galis region non-feasible from
economic feasibility because of it couldn’t meet the necessities of farmers family needs,
which respondent total lost Rp.3.095.778,- or Rp. 244.615,- /month, meanwhile based on
farmers perseption, their total lost Rp. 321.888,- or Rp. 25.434,- /month with average
business scale 2,71tails/respondent and observed for 4,67 months; and (3) Management
feasibility of Madura cattle agribusiness feasibility performance in this region, classified in
non-feasible management because of the traditional management of cattle agribusiness held
by the farmers.
Agricultural Restructuring in Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Economic Analysis of R...IJEABJ
The study examined the economic analysis of sesame production compliant withagricultural restructuring plan in rural areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Conditional non-probability sampling technique was employed to select 90 respondents who have produced sesame rotationally on rice field in summer-autumn crop season. Primary data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics including percentage, frequency and farm budget model. Gross Margin analysis was used to estimate cost, returns sesame production in the study area. The study revealed that the average cost, revenue, gross margins of production per hectare was 17.60, 37.38 and 20.56 million VND, respectively.Moreover,the average rate of returnsalsoindicated that with every 1,000 VND invested to sesame production, a farmer made a profit of 1,390 VND. As a result, it can be concluded that sesame farming is profitable in the context of agricultural restructuring strategy from rice to other crops in Mekong Delta region. It is recommended that smallholders should take initiative in participation in sesame cooperatives and ‘big field’ model to be more beneficial to inputs price, harvested machine and formal credit in the beginning of each season.
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
The aim of this research to analyst agribusiness performance and feasibility of Madura
cattle, especially in Galis region, Madura. The advantages of this research are to give
information’s of Madura cattle agribusiness performance which could use as added value of
rural cattle agribusiness development.
This result done at Galis region, which selected area are Galis subdistrict, Larangan
subdistrict and Pademawu subdistrict by purpossive sampling method on that consideration
Madura cattle population and similarities of Madura cattle management. This is survey
research with observation and respondents interview in current time. This research used
descriptive analysist based on working agribusiness system and Net Farm Income (NFI)analyzed for feasibility analysist.
The conclusion of this research are (1) Madura cattle agribusiness performance in Galis
region was supported by the farmers, but still need optimized by sub-systems unit in order
to develop farmer welfare; (2) Madura cattle agribusiness in Galis region non-feasible from
economic feasibility because of it couldn’t meet the necessities of farmers family needs,
which respondent total lost Rp.3.095.778,- or Rp. 244.615,- /month, meanwhile based on
farmers perseption, their total lost Rp. 321.888,- or Rp. 25.434,- /month with average
business scale 2,71tails/respondent and observed for 4,67 months; and (3) Management
feasibility of Madura cattle agribusiness feasibility performance in this region, classified in
non-feasible management because of the traditional management of cattle agribusiness held
by the farmers.
Agricultural Restructuring in Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Economic Analysis of R...IJEABJ
The study examined the economic analysis of sesame production compliant withagricultural restructuring plan in rural areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Conditional non-probability sampling technique was employed to select 90 respondents who have produced sesame rotationally on rice field in summer-autumn crop season. Primary data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics including percentage, frequency and farm budget model. Gross Margin analysis was used to estimate cost, returns sesame production in the study area. The study revealed that the average cost, revenue, gross margins of production per hectare was 17.60, 37.38 and 20.56 million VND, respectively.Moreover,the average rate of returnsalsoindicated that with every 1,000 VND invested to sesame production, a farmer made a profit of 1,390 VND. As a result, it can be concluded that sesame farming is profitable in the context of agricultural restructuring strategy from rice to other crops in Mekong Delta region. It is recommended that smallholders should take initiative in participation in sesame cooperatives and ‘big field’ model to be more beneficial to inputs price, harvested machine and formal credit in the beginning of each season.
Smart irrigation with water conservation structures can make Rajasthan lead producer of pulses feeding India and rest of world. Government of Rajasthan should be doing all for construction water preservation structures and ensuring smart irrigation system for farmers. Green Rajasthan with abundance of pulses is the mission of Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development ,New Delhi.
Production and Productivity Increase of Milch Animals through the Supply of G...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In India, fodder production is less than the demand and hence deficit is noticed in different states with varying per cent of deficit observed in many states. To alleviate the deficiency of green and dry fodder and to maximize the fodder production for increased a productivity of livestock was studied among 310 respondents of 23 non-delta districts of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that, gain among different types of faming, increased quantum of feeding and increased body weight gain and daily average milk yield among the indigenous as well as cross breed animals.
An Overview of the System of Rice Intensification for Paddy Fields of MalaysiaRedmond R. Shamshiri
Objectives: The objective of this paper was to present a general overview of rice agronomic practices and transplanting operations by considering the interactions of soil, plant, and machine relationship in line with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation practice. Methods: Some of the problems challenging Malaysian rice growers, as well as yield increase and total rice production in the last four decades, were first addressed and discussed. The trend in the world rice production between 1961 and 2014 was used to predict the production in 2020 and to show that Southeast Asian countries are expected to increase their production by 27.2%. Findings: A consistently increasing pattern from 3.1 tons/ha during 1981 to 4.1 tons/ha in 2014 was observed in the rice yield of Malaysia due to the advances in technology and improved farming operations coupled with integrated management and control of resources. Various literature were reviewed and their findings of the best transplanting practices were summarized to discuss how SRI contributes to the production of higher rice yield with improved transplanting practices through a more effective root system. Our review shows that wider spacing, availability of solar radiation, medium temperature, soil aeration, and nutrient supply promote shorter Phyllochrons which increase the number of tillers in rice. In this regard, modification and development of a transplanter that complies with SRI specification require determination of optimum transplanting spacing, seed rate, and planting pattern to significantly improve yield. Improvement: It was concluded that for maximum yield, the SRI method in Malaysia should emphasize on the planting of one seedling per hill with space of 0.25 m for optimum water consumption, nutrient and pest management.
The research was conducted at Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia to know the amount of small-scale income obtained by layer’ farmer. The study began on January 6 to February 7, 2017. The method used was a survey method. The total sample was 109 respondents determined by purposive sampling method with the consideration of farmers who breed laying a layer of 1000-5000 for at least 3 years. The collection of research data consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using an input-output approach and descriptive analysis.
Measuring the cost of production and returns of hyv boro rice farmers :A stud...Kanok Chowdhury
This study is on the measurement of the cost and return of HYV boro rice farmers in comilla district. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence financial and economic profitability of HYV boro rice. In addition, this study highlights how cost of labor and commodities used in agriculture affect profitability and production of HYV boro rice crop in comilla district.
Potential Availability Waste of Food Cropas Feed in Majene West Sulawesi, Ind...AI Publications
Animal husbandry development is an integral part of agricultural sector development. Paradigm farm livestock development is the realization of a healthy, productive and creative through a tough farm based on local resources. It is also included animal feed raw material resources. The source of agricultural-based local feed ingredients and agro-industries in Indonesia is very abundant as along as the vast agricultural land and high food crop production in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Majene, West Sulawesi. This study focused on several agricultural commodities, namely rice, corn, peanuts, green beans, cassava and sweet potatoes. This study aims were: 1). Calculate the food crop waste production; 2). Calculate the feed production concentration Index of food crop waste (FPCIFCW); 3) Calculate the carrying capacity (CCFCW) of food crop waste; 4) Calculate the feed carrying capacity index of food crop waste (FCCIFCW) in Majene. This research is a survey research. The research material was food crop waste. Determination of the study location of food crops (rice straw, corn straw, peanut straw, green bean straw, sweet potato straw and cassava leaves) was carried out in a purposive sampling. The selected districts were Ulumanda and Malunda. The result showed that the all districts were very potential in availability of food crop waste. Majene Regency has abundant production of agricultural waste. It was spread evenly, can meet livestock needs, and continuously. The production of food crops waste were159 383.6 tons dry matter, 89 313.7 tons crude protein and 53 859.9 tons total digestible nutrient.
Abstract— The study examined the cost and return of local chicken marketing in Mubi north local government area of Adamawa state. Data were collected from 120 respondents with aid of structured questionnaire using purposive and random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, net income analysis, marketing efficiency (ME) were the analytical tools employed. The result revealed that local chicken marketing in the study area is mostly undertaken by the male gender (85%) who were in their active age between the age of 30-60 years. Majority of them had one form of formal education or the other and have marketing experience of more than five years. On the profitability of the enterprise a total variable cost ₦7887.00 was estimated using 2014 price of input and output. Cost of transportation accounting for 72.84%. The total revenue from the enterprise was estimated ₦13, 100 given the net income of ₦5213 an indication that the enterprise is profitable. A high marketing efficiency of 160% was computed an indication that the profit maximization motive of local chicken marketing is assured. It is recommended that the marketers should be motivated and encouraged with soft loans so as to expand their production.
Scope and Prospect of Dairy farming in North East IndiaDrSapunii Hanah
Though there is a huge scope of dairy farming in North East India, the farmers are not aware about the importance of milk, therefore, awareness training on economic important of milk should be given from time to time
Smart irrigation with water conservation structures can make Rajasthan lead producer of pulses feeding India and rest of world. Government of Rajasthan should be doing all for construction water preservation structures and ensuring smart irrigation system for farmers. Green Rajasthan with abundance of pulses is the mission of Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development ,New Delhi.
Production and Productivity Increase of Milch Animals through the Supply of G...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In India, fodder production is less than the demand and hence deficit is noticed in different states with varying per cent of deficit observed in many states. To alleviate the deficiency of green and dry fodder and to maximize the fodder production for increased a productivity of livestock was studied among 310 respondents of 23 non-delta districts of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that, gain among different types of faming, increased quantum of feeding and increased body weight gain and daily average milk yield among the indigenous as well as cross breed animals.
An Overview of the System of Rice Intensification for Paddy Fields of MalaysiaRedmond R. Shamshiri
Objectives: The objective of this paper was to present a general overview of rice agronomic practices and transplanting operations by considering the interactions of soil, plant, and machine relationship in line with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) cultivation practice. Methods: Some of the problems challenging Malaysian rice growers, as well as yield increase and total rice production in the last four decades, were first addressed and discussed. The trend in the world rice production between 1961 and 2014 was used to predict the production in 2020 and to show that Southeast Asian countries are expected to increase their production by 27.2%. Findings: A consistently increasing pattern from 3.1 tons/ha during 1981 to 4.1 tons/ha in 2014 was observed in the rice yield of Malaysia due to the advances in technology and improved farming operations coupled with integrated management and control of resources. Various literature were reviewed and their findings of the best transplanting practices were summarized to discuss how SRI contributes to the production of higher rice yield with improved transplanting practices through a more effective root system. Our review shows that wider spacing, availability of solar radiation, medium temperature, soil aeration, and nutrient supply promote shorter Phyllochrons which increase the number of tillers in rice. In this regard, modification and development of a transplanter that complies with SRI specification require determination of optimum transplanting spacing, seed rate, and planting pattern to significantly improve yield. Improvement: It was concluded that for maximum yield, the SRI method in Malaysia should emphasize on the planting of one seedling per hill with space of 0.25 m for optimum water consumption, nutrient and pest management.
The research was conducted at Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia to know the amount of small-scale income obtained by layer’ farmer. The study began on January 6 to February 7, 2017. The method used was a survey method. The total sample was 109 respondents determined by purposive sampling method with the consideration of farmers who breed laying a layer of 1000-5000 for at least 3 years. The collection of research data consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using an input-output approach and descriptive analysis.
Measuring the cost of production and returns of hyv boro rice farmers :A stud...Kanok Chowdhury
This study is on the measurement of the cost and return of HYV boro rice farmers in comilla district. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence financial and economic profitability of HYV boro rice. In addition, this study highlights how cost of labor and commodities used in agriculture affect profitability and production of HYV boro rice crop in comilla district.
Potential Availability Waste of Food Cropas Feed in Majene West Sulawesi, Ind...AI Publications
Animal husbandry development is an integral part of agricultural sector development. Paradigm farm livestock development is the realization of a healthy, productive and creative through a tough farm based on local resources. It is also included animal feed raw material resources. The source of agricultural-based local feed ingredients and agro-industries in Indonesia is very abundant as along as the vast agricultural land and high food crop production in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Majene, West Sulawesi. This study focused on several agricultural commodities, namely rice, corn, peanuts, green beans, cassava and sweet potatoes. This study aims were: 1). Calculate the food crop waste production; 2). Calculate the feed production concentration Index of food crop waste (FPCIFCW); 3) Calculate the carrying capacity (CCFCW) of food crop waste; 4) Calculate the feed carrying capacity index of food crop waste (FCCIFCW) in Majene. This research is a survey research. The research material was food crop waste. Determination of the study location of food crops (rice straw, corn straw, peanut straw, green bean straw, sweet potato straw and cassava leaves) was carried out in a purposive sampling. The selected districts were Ulumanda and Malunda. The result showed that the all districts were very potential in availability of food crop waste. Majene Regency has abundant production of agricultural waste. It was spread evenly, can meet livestock needs, and continuously. The production of food crops waste were159 383.6 tons dry matter, 89 313.7 tons crude protein and 53 859.9 tons total digestible nutrient.
Abstract— The study examined the cost and return of local chicken marketing in Mubi north local government area of Adamawa state. Data were collected from 120 respondents with aid of structured questionnaire using purposive and random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, net income analysis, marketing efficiency (ME) were the analytical tools employed. The result revealed that local chicken marketing in the study area is mostly undertaken by the male gender (85%) who were in their active age between the age of 30-60 years. Majority of them had one form of formal education or the other and have marketing experience of more than five years. On the profitability of the enterprise a total variable cost ₦7887.00 was estimated using 2014 price of input and output. Cost of transportation accounting for 72.84%. The total revenue from the enterprise was estimated ₦13, 100 given the net income of ₦5213 an indication that the enterprise is profitable. A high marketing efficiency of 160% was computed an indication that the profit maximization motive of local chicken marketing is assured. It is recommended that the marketers should be motivated and encouraged with soft loans so as to expand their production.
Scope and Prospect of Dairy farming in North East IndiaDrSapunii Hanah
Though there is a huge scope of dairy farming in North East India, the farmers are not aware about the importance of milk, therefore, awareness training on economic important of milk should be given from time to time
Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Telangana, India: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Economics of Pulse Production in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India: An Empirical Analysis
Value Chain Analysis of Korarima (Aframomum Corrorima) in South Omo Zone, SNNPR Ethiopia
Determinants of Barley Output Supply Response in Ethiopia: Application of Ardl Bound Cointegration Approach
Assessing the Short-term Effect of Exchange Rate Liberalisation on Food Import Prices: The Regression Discontinuity in Time Employed for Russian Food Markets in 2014
Impact of Frontline Demonstration (Fld’s) On Adoption Behavior of Soybean Gro...iosrjce
The main objective of the FLD is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection
technology and its management practices on the farmer‟s field by the scientists themselves before taking it into
main extension system of State Department of Agriculture under different agro-climatic regions and in real
farming system. Presently the FLDs are mainly conducted through KVKs in all over the country. This is the
mandatory function of KVK to remove lack of knowledge and constraints in the adoption of improved soybean
production technology. Keeping all these views in mind, the present investigation entitled “Study on knowledge
and adoption level of soybean growers through Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs‟) in Ujjain district of M.P.”
For this purpose the data collected on a well prepared interview schedule. through personal interview method
by the investigator. The major findings of the study is majority of the respondents (beneficiaries of FLD
programme and non-beneficiaries) possessed medium level of adoption level. The „t‟ test indicated that there is
a significant difference between scores mean of both the group. Thus, it can be stated that, there is an impact of
FLD programme on the adoption level of the soybean growers.
Comparative Economics Analysis of the Bt. Cotton V/SConventional Cotton Produ...sanaullah noonari
Abstract: Cotton is an important cash crop which covers 35 million hectares of land. Major objectives of the study were to
examine the role of determinants of cotton yield to asses’ financial gain from Bt.cotton comparing with conventional Cotton.
District Khairpur was selected for the present study where both Bt.cotton and conventional cotton varieties are grown primary
data on Bt. cotton and conventional cotton was collected from the farmers through personal interviews with the help of
specially designed questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Cobb-Douglas production
function was used for yield analysis. Logit model was used to find the probability of Bt.cotton. Farmers growing Bt. cotton
who had used seed rate (6-8) kg per acre were 46.66 percent, while 53.33 percent had used seed rate (9-10) kg per acre.
Conventional cotton who had used seed rate (6-8) kg per acre was 66.66 percent while 33.33 percent had used seed rate (9-10)
kg per acre. Total costs per acre in Bt.cotton sown were greater than the conventional Cotton activities, total costs incurred in
the conventional cotton were far lower (about 26 percent lower) than Bt.cotton. On an average higher yield (40 mounds per
acre) was obtained in Bt.cotton sown than conventional cotton yield (25 mounds per acre). Price gained per mounds was
almost the same in two cotton activities. Higher profit was observed in Bt. cotton and very low profit was obtained in
conventional cotton.
Keywords: Cotton, conventional, Bt. Technology, Resource Use Efficiency, Decomposition of Output Change, Sindh
women entrepreneur current status article book amazon publicatons hariha...hariharan 23900
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mr. N. Hariharan BCOM CS ., DDTP., DOA., IBM, Currently pursing MBA First year at AR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS , Dindigul, Tamil nadu, India, DDTP – Diploma in desk top publishing in computer Software College, vadipatty, Madurai (13 July 2014) year of completed.DOA – Diploma in office automation in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (14 July 2016) year of completed. E- Tally - in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (12.06.2017) year of completed. IBM- International Business Management European University. Professional diploma programme 23.04.2021
Sakthi Arts and Science College for Women, Ottanchatram, Dindigul. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL SEMIAR ON “STRATEGICAL SKETCHING OF POST PANDEMIC TRANSFORMATION IN INDAN TREND AND COMMERCE” In won paper presentation FIRST PRIZE and Best paper Award at 23.03.2021.
M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL ONLINE SYMPOSIM “MATHEMA 21” in Paper presentation winning 3rd Place At 05.05.2021.
He has published 58 papers published in international journal. Attended 52 webinars, paper presentation in 18 college national and international conference. Then 7 awars World record holder in AMIRTHAM 2021. Main area of specialization Commerce and Management. Finally total certificate is 205 it’s including quiz, webinar, pledge, workshops.
AWARDS ,
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Worldrecord holder
#indiabooksofworldrecords
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Factors Influencing the Choice of Promotional Practices of Agricultural Equip...IOSR Journals
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the choice of promotional practices of agricultural equipment manufacturers and its influence on annual sales of agricultural equipments. The consumer focus, demand creation, exposure, familiarity, encouragement, reputation, existence and value creation are the factors determining the choice of promotional practices of agricultural equipments by the manufactures. Besides, the consumer focus, demand creation, familiarity, reputation and value creation are positively influencing the annual sales of agricultural equipments. The manufacturers should formulate the promotional measures not only attract the farmers and also dealers in order to increase the dealership and also sales. The manufacturers should create demand for their equipments through proper promotion mix strategies in order to make stakeholders familiar with their equipments and also keep their reputations.
Knowledge, adoption and constraint analysis of chilli technology in Char area...Premier Publishers
In the present study, Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI) were developed to measure the knowledge level and Adoption level of Chilli Technology of farmers in Char Area of Bangladesh. A preliminary test of thirty knowledge items related to chilli cultivation technology was administered to 38 chilli farmers who were involved in chilli production in island char areas. Data were collected during February to March 2008 through interview schedule. The Knowledge Index (KI) ranged from 71 to 99 and Adoption Index (AI) ranged from 68 to 98. A correlation coefficient of KI and AI was 0.97 which indicated that a high relation exists between Knowledge Index (KI) and Adoption Index (AI). The major constraints are ignorance about improved seeds and cultivation practices, chemicals with doses and method of application, scientific method of storage, etc. The major economic and physical constraints are the high cost of the seed of improved cultivars, non-availability of funds, etc. It was recommended that the farmers be guided through extension visits to teach them adoption of new technologies related to Chilli production. The study will help researcher, agricultural extension worker, policy maker and NGOs to address and analyse the issues related to knowledge, adoption and constraints of not only chilli production but also other field and horticultural crops production.
Presenter: M. Anjugam, S. Varadha Raj, and S. Padmarani
Audience: 3rd National SRI Symposium,
TNAU, Coimbatore, India
Subject Country: Tamil Nadu, India
Similar to Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area of Tamil Nadu (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani Command Area of Tamil Nadu
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
Benefits and Constraints of Rice Mechanization i
Command
P. Panneer Selvam
1
M.Sc.( Agricultural
Tamil Nadu Agricultural
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Vallanad, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to assess the perceived opinion
of rice growers on benefits and also the constraints
encountered by the rice growers on farm
mechanization. A sample of 160 rice growers from
eight villages in Thamirabarani command area was
selected for the study. The respondents were
interviewed personally through a well-
pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that
the Overall Mean Opinion Score was 3.91 which
indicated that farm mechanization was beneficial to
the rice growers in many aspects. The major benefits
of farm mechanization as perceived by the
respondents were farm mechanization helped in
operating agricultural works quickly (MOS 4.97),
performing farm operations in time (MOS 4.86),
overcoming labour shortage problem (MOS 4.75),
minimizing work burden of labours (MOS 4.61) and
improving working condition of farmers (MOS 4.03).
Regarding constraints, most of the respondents
expressed lack of credit facilities (98.75 per cent),
high fuel cost (98.75 per cent), high initial cost (97.50
per cent), low resale value for farm implements
machineries (97.50 per cent), high maintenance cost
(95.00 per cent), lack of training (94.38 per cent) and
lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm
implements and machineries (93.13 per cent) as the
constraints in rice mechanization.
Keywords: Rice, farm mechanization, perceived
opinion on benefits, constraints.
1. INTRODUCTION
Agricultural mechanization technology plays a key
role in improving agricultural production in
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
and Constraints of Rice Mechanization in Thamirabarani
Command Area of Tamil Nadu
Panneer Selvam1
, Dr. S. Somasundaram2
Agricultural) Student, 2
Professor (Agricultural Extension)
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Social Sciences,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Vallanad, Tamil Nadu, India
The study was aimed to assess the perceived opinion
rowers on benefits and also the constraints
encountered by the rice growers on farm
A sample of 160 rice growers from
eight villages in Thamirabarani command area was
selected for the study. The respondents were
-structured and
The study revealed that
the Overall Mean Opinion Score was 3.91 which
indicated that farm mechanization was beneficial to
the rice growers in many aspects. The major benefits
erceived by the
respondents were farm mechanization helped in
operating agricultural works quickly (MOS 4.97),
performing farm operations in time (MOS 4.86),
overcoming labour shortage problem (MOS 4.75),
minimizing work burden of labours (MOS 4.61) and
mproving working condition of farmers (MOS 4.03).
Regarding constraints, most of the respondents
expressed lack of credit facilities (98.75 per cent),
high fuel cost (98.75 per cent), high initial cost (97.50
per cent), low resale value for farm implements and
machineries (97.50 per cent), high maintenance cost
(95.00 per cent), lack of training (94.38 per cent) and
lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm
implements and machineries (93.13 per cent) as the
Rice, farm mechanization, perceived
Agricultural mechanization technology plays a key
role in improving agricultural production in
developing countries, and should be considered as an
essential input to agriculture (Rasouli
Farm mechanization refers to application of
engineering and technology in agricultural operations
in a better way to enhance the productivity. This
includes development, application and management of
all mechanical aids for field operation, water control,
material handling, storing and processing. Mechanical
aids include hand tools, animal drawn implements,
machineries like power tiller, tractor, oil engines,
electric motors, combine harvesters, processing and
handling equipment.
The food grain production of India during 2015
was 252 million tonnes. The ICAR in its Vision 2020
document has projected the demand of food grains as
about 293.6 million tonnes by 2020. By 2020, the
workforce in agriculture is going to be reduced to
about 35 per cent of the total workers in the country
as against 52 per cent in 2010. Therefore, higher
levels of farm mechanization are necessary to
optimise productivities and profitability.
Empirical evidence confirms that there is a strong
correlation between farm mechanization and
agricultural productivity. Globally, the level of farm
mechanization is 95 per cent in USA
Europe, 80 per cent in Russia, 75 per cent in Brazil,
48 per cent in China and 40 per cent in India. Indian
agricultural sector still lags and requires an increase in
farm equipment.
Rice is one of the most important food crops and it is
consumed by more than 60 per cent population in our
Aug 2018 Page: 313
6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 5
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
n Thamirabarani
Professor (Agricultural Extension)
University, Department of Social Sciences,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Vallanad, Tamil Nadu, India
developing countries, and should be considered as an
l input to agriculture (Rasouli et al. 2009).
Farm mechanization refers to application of
engineering and technology in agricultural operations
in a better way to enhance the productivity. This
includes development, application and management of
all mechanical aids for field operation, water control,
material handling, storing and processing. Mechanical
aids include hand tools, animal drawn implements,
machineries like power tiller, tractor, oil engines,
electric motors, combine harvesters, processing and
n of India during 2015-16
was 252 million tonnes. The ICAR in its Vision 2020
document has projected the demand of food grains as
about 293.6 million tonnes by 2020. By 2020, the
workforce in agriculture is going to be reduced to
otal workers in the country
as against 52 per cent in 2010. Therefore, higher
levels of farm mechanization are necessary to
optimise productivities and profitability.
Empirical evidence confirms that there is a strong
correlation between farm mechanization and
Globally, the level of farm
mechanization is 95 per cent in USA and Western
Europe, 80 per cent in Russia, 75 per cent in Brazil,
r cent in China and 40 per cent in India. Indian
agricultural sector still lags and requires an increase in
Rice is one of the most important food crops and it is
consumed by more than 60 per cent population in our
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 314
country. In Tamil Nadu, next to Cauvery delta, rice is
cultivated more in Thambirabarani command area.
The rice farmers are facing a lot of problems in rice
cultivation mainly due to acute labour shortage and
rice mechanization is on progress in this area. Hence,
it becomes essential to understand the perceived
opinion on benefits and constraints of farm
mechanization pertaining to rice cultivation.
2. Methodology
The study was conducted in Thamirabarani command
area of Tamil Nadu. The river flows through two
districts Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi and both the
districts were selected for the study. Two blocks in
Tirunelveli district and another two blocks in
Thoothukudi district were selected for the study based
on the maximum area under rice cultivation. Two
villages in each selected block based on maximum
area under rice cultivation were identified and thus,
eight villages were selected for the study. A sample
size of 160 rice farmers was fixed as respondents and
the 160 respondents were identified from the selected
eight villages by applying proportionate random
sampling method. The respondents were interviewed
personally through a well-structured and pre-tested
interview schedule.
For identifying the perceived opinion of farmers on
benefits of farm mechanization, the benefits were
listed out by perusing the literature and also in
consultation with the scientists of TNAU, extension
personnel of State Department of Agriculture,
extension personnel of State Department of
Agricultural Engineering and progressive farmers.
The list was fine-tuned during pre-test and finalised.
The scoring procedure adopted by (Thakur and
Sharma, 2016) was used in this study with slight
modification. The scoring procedure is given below.
Benef
its
Stron
gly
Agree
Agr
ee
Undeci
ded
Disagr
ee
Strong
ly
Disagr
ee
Scores
for
items
5 4 3 2 1
Mean score and percentage analysis was used to get
the meaningful interpretation about the perceived
opinion on the benefits of farm mechanization in rice
cultivation.
As regards to constraints, the possible constraints
were enumerated from related studies, consultation
with the biological and social scientists, extension
personnel and the farmers of non-sample area. The
respondents were asked to give their responses
whetherthey had faced the constraints in the previous
years. The results were interpreted in percentage.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Perceived opinion of farmers on benefits of
mechanization
Fifteen benefits of mechanization on rice cultivation
were identified. Data on farmers’ perception on the
identified benefits of mechanization were collected
and is presented in Table 1.
Table 1.Perceived opinion of farmers on benefits of mechanization
(n= 160)
S.
No
Benefits of
mechanization
Strongly
Agree
Agree Undeci
ded
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
TOS* MOS*
1. Operating agricultural
works quickly
155
(96.88)
5
(3.12)
- - - 795 4.97
2. Performing farm
operations in time
138
(86.25)
22
(13.75)
- - - 778 4.86
3. Overcoming labour
shortage problem
120
(75.00)
40
(25.00)
760 4.75
4. Minimizing work
burden of labourers
98
(61.25
62
(38.75)
- - - 738 4.61
5. Improving working
condition of farmers
4
(2.50)
156
(97.50)
- - - 644 4.03
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 315
S.
No
Benefits of
mechanization
Strongly
Agree
Agree Undeci
ded
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
TOS* MOS*
6. Motivating workers to
acquire new skills and
competencies
- 139
(86.88)
16
(10.00)
5
(3.12)
- 614 3.84
7. Enhancing capacity
building of farmers
- 134
(83.75)
24
(15.00)
2
(1.25)
- 612 3.83
8. Increasing the area
under rice cultivation
9
(5.63)
125
(78.12)
9
(5.63)
17
(10.62)
- 606 3.79
9. Minimizing post-
harvest losses
11
(6.88)
108
(67.50)
21
(13.12)
20
(12.50)
- 590 3.69
10. Increasing agricultural
productivity
6
(3.75)
102
(63.75)
45
(28.13)
7
(4.37)
- 587 3.67
11. Reducing cost of
cultivation
13
(8.12)
88
(55.00)
28
(17.50)
31
(19.38)
- 563 3.52
12. Efficient utilization of
inputs
2
(1.25)
88
(55.00)
59
(36.88)
11
(6.87)
- 561 3.51
13. Enhancing integration
and cooperation among
farmers
- 83
(51.88)
74
(46.25)
3
(1.87)
- 560 3.50
14. Providing employment
opportunities to
educated unemployed
youth
2
(1.25)
46
(28.75)
70
(43.75)
42
(26.25)
- 488 3.05
15. Attracting youth
towards agriculture
2
(1.25)
43
(26.88)
69
(43.12)
46
(28.75)
- 481 3.01
Overall Mean Opinion Score = 3.91
* TOS – Total Opinion Score, MOS – Mean Opinion Score
It could be observed from Table 2 that 96.88 percent
of the respondents strongly agreed and 3.12 per cent
of the respondents agreed that farm mechanization
helped in operating agricultural works quickly (MOS
4.97) followed by 86.25 per cent of the respondents
strongly agreed and 13.75 per cent of the respondents
agreed that farm mechanization helped in performing
farm operations in time (MOS 4.86).
Exactly three fourths of the respondents (75.00 per
cent) strongly agreed and the remaining one fourth of
the respondents (25.00 per cent) agreed that farm
mechanization helped in overcoming labour shortage
problem (MOS 4.75) followed by just more than three
fifths of the respondents (61.25 per cent) strongly
agreed and the remaining 38.75 per cent of the
respondents agreed that farm mechanization helped in
minimizing work burden of labourers (MOS 4.61).
The finding, farm mechanization helped in
overcoming the labour shortage problem is in
confirmation with the finding of (Thakur et al., 2016).
Most of the respondents (97.50 per cent) agreed and
2.5 per cent of the respondents strongly agreed that
farm mechanization helped in improving working
condition of farmers (MOS 4.03).
More than four fifths of the respondents (86.88 per
cent) agreed that farm mechanization helped in
motivating workers to acquire new skills and
competencies (MOS 3.84) followed by 83.75 per cent
of the respondents agreed that farm mechanization
helped in enhancing capacity building of farmers
(MOS 3.83) .
More than three fourths of the respondents (78.12 per
cent) agreed and 5.63 per cent of the respondents
strongly agreed that farm mechanization helped in
increasing the area under rice cultivation (MOS 3.79).
Similarly more than two thirds of the respondents
(67.50 per cent) agreed and 6.88 per cent of the
respondents strongly agreed that farm mechanization
helped in minimizing post-harvest losses (MOS 3.69).
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 316
More than three fifths of the respondents (63.75 per
cent) agreed and 3.75 per cent of the respondents
strongly agreed that farm mechanization helped in
increasing agricultural productivity (MOS 3.67). The
finding is in line with the finding of (Singh et al.,
2011).
More than half of the respondents (55.00 per cent)
agreed and 8.12 per cent of the respondents strongly
agreed that farm mechanization helped in reducing
cost of cultivation (MOS 3.52). This finding is in
conformity with the finding of (Singh et al., 2011).
Similarly 55.00 percent of the respondents agreed and
1.25 per cent of the respondents strongly agreed that
farm mechanization helped in efficient utilization of
inputs (MOS 3.51).
Just more than half of the respondents (51.88 per cent)
agreed that farm mechanization helped in enhancing
integration and cooperation among farmers (MOS
3.50)
More than one fourth of the respondents (28.75 per
cent) agreed and 1.25 per cent of the respondents
strongly agreed that farm mechanization helped in
providing employment opportunities to educated
unemployed youth (MOS 3.05) followed by 26.88 per
cent of the respondents agreed and 1.25 per cent of
the respondents strongly agreed that farm
mechanization helped in attracting youth towards
agriculture (MOS 3.01).
The Overall Mean Opinion Score was 3.91 which
indicated that farm mechanization was beneficial to
the rice growers in many aspects.
3.2. Constraints encountered by rice growers in
mechanization
An attempt was made to assess the constraints faced
by the respondents in adoption of farm mechanization
in rice cultivation in Thamirabarani command area of
Tamil Nadu and the results are given in Table 2.
Table 2.Constraints encountered by rice growers in mechanization
(n= 160)*
S. No Constraints Number Per cent
1. Lack of credit facilities 158 98.75
2. High fuel cost 158 98.75
3. High initial cost 156 97.50
4. Low resale value for farm implements and machineries 156 97.50
5. High maintenance cost 152 95.00
6. Lack of training on use of farm implements and machineries 151 94.38
7. Lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm implements and
machineries
149 93.13
8. High tax rate 135 84.38
9. High hiring charges 133 83.13
10. Inadequate hiring agencies 98 61.25
11. Frequent repairs 79 49.38
12. Low efficiency 47 29.38
13. Lack of awareness about improved farm machineries 38 23.75
14. Non-availability of suitable farm implements and machineries 32 20.00
15. Unsuitable farm implements and machineries 32 20.00
16. Inadequate repair and service facilities 30 18.75
17. Lack of availability of spare parts 27 16.88
* Multiple responses
It is evident from Table 2 that most of the respondents
reported financial constraints such as lack of credit
facilities (98.75 per cent), high fuel cost (98.75 per
cent), high initial cost (97.50 per cent), low resale
value for farm implements and machineries (97.50 per
cent) and high maintenance cost (95.00 per cent) as
the major constraints in the use of tools, implements
and machineries in rice cultivation. The findings
derive support from the findings of (Wang, 2003) who
reported high initial cost of machineries as the
constraint in farm mechanization.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 317
More than ninety per cent of the respondents (94.38
per cent) expressed lack of training on use of farm
implements and machineries as the constraint. This
finding is in conformity with the findings of (Vanetha,
2006) and (Thakur et al., 2016).
Lack of skilled labourers for operating improved farm
implements and machineries was reported as
constraint by 93.13 per cent per cent of the
respondents. The finding is in accordance with the
findings of (Patil et al., 2001) and (Vanetha, 2006)
who also reported lack of skilled labourers for
operating farm implements and machineries as
constraint for mechanization.
More than four fifths of the respondents stated high
tax rate (84.38 per cent) and high hiring charges
(83.13 per cent) as constraints in rice mechanization.
The findings are in agreement with the findings of
(Anandaraja, 1999) who reported high hiring charges
as constraint for mechanization.
Just more than three fifths of the respondents (61.25
per cent) expressed inadequate hiring agencies in their
area as the constraint. The finding is in line with the
findings of (Panghal and Deep, 2006) who also
reported low custom hire facilities as constraint.
A frequent repair was reported as constraint by nearly
half of the respondents (49.38 per cent). Low
efficiency of implements and machineries was
reported as constraint by 29.38 per cent of the
respondents. This finding is in accordance with the
finding of (Wang, 2003) who reported low efficiency
of implements and machineries.
Lack of awareness about improved farm machineries
was reported as constraint by 23.75 per cent of the
respondents. The finding is in conformity with the
findings of (Bhatia, 1986), (Vanetha, 2006) and
(Thakur et al., 2016) who reported lack of awareness
about improved farm machineries as constraint for
mechanization in their studies.
Exactly one fifth of the respondents (20.00 per cent)
stated non-availability of suitable farm implements
and machineries and unsuitable farm implements and
machineries as the constraints in rice mechanization
in Thamirabarani command area.
Inadequate repair and service facilities was reported
as constraint by 18.75 per cent of the respondents.
This finding is supported by the findings of (Patil et
al., 2001), (Panghal et al., 2006), and (Singh et al.,
2011) who also reported inadequate repair and service
facilities.
Lack of availability of spare parts was stated as
constraint by 16.88 per cent of the respondents. This
finding draws support from the findings of (Patil et
al., 2001) who reported lack of availability of spare
parts as constraint.
4. Conclusion
The study focused on the opinion of the rice growers
on the benefits of farm mechanization revealed that
farm mechanization was beneficial to the rice growers
in many aspects. The major benefits of farm
mechanization as perceived by the respondents were
that farm mechanization helped in operating
agricultural works quickly, performing farm
operations in time, overcoming labour shortage
problem, minimizing work burden of labours and
improving working condition of farmers.The study
identified many constraints in farm mechanization
.Majority of the respondents expressed lack of credit
facilities, high fuel cost, high initial cost, low resale
value for farm implements and machineries , high
maintenance cost, lack of training on use of farm
implements and machineries, Lack of skilled
labourers for operating improved farm implements
and machines, high tax rate, high hiring charges and
inadequate hiring agencies as the major constraints in
rice mechanization. Specific strategies should be
evolved by the change agency to eliminate the
constraints experienced by the rice growers for
enhancing rice mechanization in Thamirabarani
command area.
References
1. Anandaraja, N. (1999). Farm mechanization in
Tamil Nadu: Issues and prospect. (Unpub. M.Sc.
(Ag.) Thesis), TNAU, Coimbatore.
2. Bhatia, B. S. (1986). Multivariate study of
adoption of selected agricultural engineering
technologies in the Punjab. (Ph.D. Thesis), PAU,
Ludhiana.
3. Panghal, B. S., & Deep, P. (2006). Emerging
problems of farm mechanization in Karnal district
of Haryana State. Agricultural Science Digest,
26(4), 253-256.
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4. Patil, V. G., Chorge, K. V., & Desai, A. N. (2001).
Constraints in the use of improved farm
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8. Vanetha, K. P. (2006). Utilization Behaviour of
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9. Wang, Z. (2003). The challenges to and technical
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