This document provides information on active and passive voice across different tenses in English grammar. It includes: 1. Examples of active and passive voice constructions in simple present, present continuous, present perfect, past, past continuous, past perfect, future, and future perfect tenses. 2. Tips for forming passive voice when the active voice includes imperatives, helping verbs, questions, direct/indirect objects, and object complements. 3. Mentions cases where passive voice cannot be formed or where "by" is not used, such as certain continuous and perfect tenses, intransitive verbs, gerunds, infinitives, and impersonal constructions.

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2.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb – is/am/are)
 Subject + V1+s/es+ object
 Object+ is/am/are+ V3+ by + subject
 Subject + Do/does+ not + V1 + Object
 Object + is/am/are+ not + V3+ by Subject
 Does+ Subject+ V1+Object+?
 Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Example with Answers of Present Simple Tense
 Active: He reads a novel.
 Passive: A novel is read.
 Active: He does not cook food.
 Passive: Food is not cooked by him.
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3.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- is/am/are + being)
 Subject + is/am/are+ v1+ ing + object
 Object+ is/am/are+ being+ V3+ by + subject
 Subject + is/am/are+ not+ v1+ ing+ object
 Object + is/am/are+ not + being+V3+ by Subject
 Is/am/are+ subject+v1+ing + object+?
 Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Present
Continuous Tense
 Active: Esha is singing a song.
 Passive: A song is being sung by Esha.
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4.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- has/have +been)
 Subject + has/have+ v3+ object
 Object+ has/have+ been+ V3+ by + subject
 Subject + has/have+ not+ v3+ object
 Object + has/have+ not + been+V3+ by Subject
 Has/have+ subject+ v3 + object+?
 Has/Have + Object+ been+V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Example with
Answers of Present Perfect Tense
 Active: Nitesh has challenged her.
 Passive: She has been challenged by Nitesh.
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5.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- was/were)
 Subject + V2+ object
 Object+ was/were V3+ by + subject
 Subject +did+ not+v1+ object
 Object + was/were+ not +V3+ by Subject
 Did+ subject+V1+ object+?
 Was/were + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Past
Simple Tense
 Active: Reema cleaned the floor.
 Passive: The floor was cleaned by Reema
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6.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- was/were + being)
 Subject + was/were + v1+ing+ object.
 Object+ was/were +being+V3+ by + subject
 Subject +was/were+ not+v1+ing + object
 Object + was/were+ not +being+V3+ by Subject
 Was/were+ Subject + V1+ing + object+?
 Was/were + Object+ being+v3+ by+ subject+?
 Active and Passive Voice Examples with
Answers of Past Continuous Tense
 Active: Nitika was painting the wall.
 Passive: The wall was being painted by Nitika.
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7.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- had +been)
 Subject + had + v3+ object.
 Object+ had+been +V3+ by + subject
 Subject +had+ not+v3+ object
 Object + had+ not +been+V3+ by Subject
 Had+ Subject + V3+ object+?
 Had + Object+ been+v3+ by+ subject+?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Past
Perfect Tense
 Active: Misha had cleaned the floor.
 Passive: The floor had been cleaned by Misha.
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8.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- will+ be)
 Subject + will+ v1+ object.
 Object+ will+ be +V3+ by + subject
 Subject +will + not+ V1+object
 Object + will+ not +be+V3+ by Subject
 Will+ Subject + V1+ object+?
 Will + Object+ be +v3+ by+ subject+?
 We can better understand Rules of Active and Passive
Voice with examples for future simple tense.
 Active and Passive Voice Examples with Answers of
Future Simple Tense
 Active: Kriya will sew the bag.
 Passive: The bag will be sewed by Kriya.
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9.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 Subject + will+ have +v3+ object.
 Object+ will+ have+ been +V3+ by + subject
 Subject + will+ have +not+v3+ object.
 Object + will+ have +not+been+v3+ subject
 Will+ Subject+have+v3+ object+?
 Will + object+have+been+v3+by +subject+?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Future Perfect Tense
 Active: They will have brought the toy.
 Passive: The toy will have been brought by them.
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10.  Tip : Let
 If the given sentence in the active voice is in the imperative
form, to get the passive voice use ‘Let’.
 Formation of Passive Voice = Let + Object + be + Past
Participle
 Examples:
 Active: Help me.
 Passive: Let me be helped.
 Active: Open the door.
 Passive: Let the door be opened.
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11.  Tip :Helping verbs like am, is, are, was, were, will, have,
should, could, will
 If the question in the Active Voice begins with a Helping verb the
Passive voice must also begin with a suitable helping verb.
 Active: Are you writing a letter?
 Passive: Is a letter being written by you?
 Active: Will you write a letter?
 Passive: Will a letter be written by you?
 What, When, Who, Why, How:
 If the question begins with ‘Wh’ or How’ form (what, when, how,
etc.) the Passive Voice must begin with the same. Only ‘who’ gets
replaced by ‘By whom’.
 Active: Why did you break the box?
 Passive: Why was the box broken by you?
 Active: Who broke the window?
 Passive: By whom was the window broken?
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12.  Tip : Direct and Indirect Object
 If a sentence contains two objects namely Indirect
Object and Direct Object in the Active Voice, two
forms of Passive Voice can be formed.
 Active: She brought me a cup of coffee.
 Passive: (I) I was brought a cup of coffee by her.
 Passive: (II) A cup of coffee was brought to
me by her.
 Object Complement: When made passive, these
objects complements become subject
complements; they come after the verb.
 Active: They elected him their leader.
 Passive: He was elected their leader.
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13.  Tip : Cases where no passive form exists
 Present perfect Continuous: She has been writing a
letter.
 Past perfect Continuous: He had been cleaning the
house.
 Future Continuous: I will be filing all the documents
tomorrow.
 Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been
serving tea for customers at this hotel for twenty
years by then.
 Intransitive verb which do not take objects:
 · I eat.
 · I am living here.
 · I have travelled by train.
 · I went there.
 · I waited for a long time.
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14.  Tip : Gerund, Infinitive
 When used in passive form, gerund and Infinitive
are formed differently.
 Infinitive: passive is formed as ‘to be + past
participle’
 Active: I want to shoot the tiger.
 Passive: I want the tiger to be shot.
 Gerund: passive is formed as ‘being + past
participle’
 Active: I remember my father taking me to the
theatre.
 Passive: I remember being taken to the theatre
by my father.
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15.  Tip : Cases where ‘by’ is not used
 With: use with in place of ‘by’ to talk about an
instrument used by the agent/subject.
 Active: Somebody hit the dog with a stick.
 Passive: (I) The dog was hit by with a stick.
 Passive: (II) The dog was hit by a boy.
 Impersonal Passive: In scientific / technical / business
writing, the emphasis is usually on the action or
process. So the ‘by’ phrase is generally omitted.
 Active: One finds mosquitoes everywhere.
 Passive: Mosquitoes are found everywhere.
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