3. Listen Pay attention to the statements of others. Sitting quietly, looking at the speaker
4. Summarize Restate the idea of a previous speaker in a new way. “ [Name of student], so you are saying…” “ What I heard is…”
5. Build Add to the statement of a previous speaker. “ To add to [name of student]’s idea…” “ I agree with [name of student] because…” “ [Name of student], another way to think about that is …” “ [Name of student], I wonder why…”
6. Mark Direct attention to the importance of another’s statement. “ [Name of student], that was a great point you made!” “ [Name of student], I totally agree with you.”
7. Verify Check your understanding of previous statements & knowledge. “ I didn’t understand…” “ What I heard was _________. Is that correct?” “ I'm having trouble understanding this part. Could someone help me understand it?”
8. Unpack Explain how you arrived at your answer. “ I came to that conclusion because …” “ On page ___, the author says…”
9. Support Give examples & evidence to support your answer. Give examples from the text, your own life, other classroom conversations, and/or the world. “This reminds me of…” “ On page ___, it says…”
10. Link Point out the relationships among previous statements & knowledge. “ [Name of student], I believe you had previously said …”
11. Defend Defend your reasoning against a different point of view. “ Here in the text it says…” “ I do think this because…”
12. Challenge Ask a previous speaker to explain & provide evidence for a statement. “ [Name of student], could you rephrase your statement? I didn’t understand.” “ Where did you find that in the text?” “ Could you further explain your position?”
13. Combine Incorporate knowledge from multiple resources to form your ideas. Give a text to text, text to self, or text to world example as evidence. “This reminds me of…” “ I remember when we talked about…”
14. Predict Draw conclusions about what might happen next or as a result of ideas. “ I predict…” “ I expect…”
