The document discusses a political cartoon drawn in 1935 by David Low commenting on Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). It provides context for the cartoon, noting that Mussolini invaded claiming he would bring them "civilization." Students are asked to explain what is depicted in the cartoon and its message regarding the invasion.

1. Cartoon drawn in 1935 by David Low – it comments on the Italian invasion of Abyssinia. Remember – Mussolini had invaded the country saying he was going to give them ‘civilisation.’ Explain what is going on in the cartoon and what the message of the carton is.

3. 1-10 back of your starter 1. In what year were the Locarno Treaties? 2. Where is Locarno? 3. Who were the countries involved? 4. Who joined the LON following Locarno? 5. In what year was this? 6.In what years were the Manchurian Crisis? 7.When was the Disarmement Conference? 8.When was the Abyssinian Crisis? 9.What year was the Wall St Crash? 10.What is Abyssinia called today?

4. Home-work

5. 1-10 back of your starter 1. In what year were the Locarno Treaties? 1925 2. Where is Locarno? Switzerland 3. Who were the countries involved? FRA, UK, GER, ITA, BEL, POL, CZE 4. Who joined the LON following Locarno? GER 5. In what year was this? 1926 6.In what years were the Manchurian Crisis? 1931-33 7.When was the Disarmament Conference? 1932-34 8.When was the Abyssinian Crisis? 1935-36 9.What year was the Wall St Crash? 1929 10.What is Abyssinia called today? Ethiopia

6. Essays Review our timed essays by group peer assessment.....

7. 7 groups

8. 7 different pens

9. 1. Intro

10. 2. Literacy

11. 3. Conclusion

12. 4.Facts

13. 5.Level

14. Your essays back

15. General feedback

16. Personalise the introduction

17. A.T.F.Q.

18. R.T.T.Q.

19. FACTS, DATES, PEOPLE

20. Timing

21. How did Mussolini’s invasion of Abyssinia damage the League?

23. Presenting new information

25. Memorandum To: From: Subject:

27. October 1935 - The attack was a clear case of a strong country attacking a weak one. The League reacted by imposing a range of sanctions. The sanctions had to be imposed quickly and by all countries or they would fail. October 1935 – Mussolini’s army is ready and he invades Abyssinia. The Italians win quickly using gas and modern day weapons. September 1935 – the League puts forward a plan that would give Mussolini part of Abyssinia. Mussolini rejects this plan. August/ September 1935 – British politicians talk about collective security at the League’s assembly and how smaller nations should be protected from aggression by more powerful nations. Unfortunately this proves to be just talk and the Italians fail to change any of their plans. April / May 1935 – A ballot is taken in Britain – it shows that most British people want the League to do something to stop Italian aggression. April / May 1936 – public opinion around Europe is growing for the British and French to do something as Italy’s actions are clearly in breach of the League’s rules. The British were especially worried about imposing sanctions as the loss in trade may cause job losses in Britain. December 1935 – the League finally banned oil from being sold to the Italians, this had been slow coming and should have been introduced with the other sanctions in October. October 1935 – the League imposed a ban on selling weapons to Italy. The League also banned oil, rubber, tin , and various metals. Countries of the league were also told they could not buy Italian goods. March 1935 – British and French do not raise the issue of Abyssinia at the meeting to sign the Stresa Pact. Mussolini thinks this is because the British and French will turn a blind eye to what Italy is doing – Mussolini presses on with his military planning. February / March 1935 – The British and French, keen not to keep friends with Italy, sign Stresa pact – this was a protest and the Germans rearming. January / February 1935 – the British and French fail to take the whole situation seriously. January 1935 – Mussolini starts to send a huge army to Africa whilst at the same time pretending to find a peaceful solution through the League. Mussolini prepares an army whilst demanding that Haile Salassie, the Abyssinian emperor, provides an apology. Dispute between Ethiopian and Italian soldiers at the Wal-Wal oasis in Abyssinia.

31. Source work task – League's failure. (Answer the following source questions – you have 35 minutes to do this.) THINK BALANCED ANSWER Level 1 : [1-3] Level 2:[2-5] Level 3:[4-7] Level 4:[6-10]

33. Source work task – League's failure. (Answer the following source questions – you have 35 minutes to do this.) THINK BALANCED ANSWER 2. Source B takes a very negative view of the ‘Big Four’. Do you think this is justified? Explain why Source B The failure of the League can laid at the door of the ‘big four’. (Britain, France, Italy and Japan). Despite all the talk of collective security when the chips were down the countries acted in their own best interests. Britain attempted to hold onto its empire, France was concerned only with dealing with Germany and Japan and Italy wanted to have an empire like Britain. M. Smith – Civil servant in 1938 Level 1 – Simplistic answer. Yes/ No it is justified. Lacking in facts. Level 2. One sided answer. Yes or No it is justified. More detail. Level 3. Balanced answer. YES and NO. Level 4. Balanced answer + SUPPORTED CONCLUSION Level 2 max if does not quote from the source. Level 3 max if does not place in context.

34. Source work task – League's failure. (Answer the following source questions – you have 35 minutes to do this.) THINK BALANCED ANSWER 3. How accurate is the statement in Source C? - Explain your answer. Source C. In years to come people will look back on the league and view it only as a failure. But how it failed will be down to a many reasons. One might argue that its successes in the 1920 were apparent simply because it didn't face the same sort of problems that it faced in the 1930s. Extract from History text book. Level 1 – Simplistic answer – Yes it is accurate, or no it isn’t Level 2 – Yes or No answer. More detail. Level 3 – YES and NO – Balanced answer – It is accurate because it is from a text book and also in the 1920s the LON didn’t face that many problems like in the 1930s with Mussolini, Japan and Hitler. However in the 1920s it did face problems such as America not joining, problems post TOV. Level 4 – Balanced answer and SUPPORTED CONCLUSION – must mention – 1929 and WALL ST CRASH.

35. Source work task – League's failure. (Answer the following source questions – you have 35 minutes to do this.) THINK BALANCED ANSWER 4 All 3 sources appear to be very negative in their attitude towards the League of Nations. Do you think the League should be remembered in such a negative way? Why? Source A The league was doomed to failure from the outset. The minute that Woodrow Wilson failed to get America to join the League spelled its demise. It was not a case of if but rather when the League would collapse. T. Hughes – historian. Source B The failure of the League can laid at the door of the ‘big four’. (Britain, France, Italy and Japan). Despite all the talk of collective security when the chips were down the countries acted in their own best interests. Britain attempted to hold onto its empire, France was concerned only with dealing with Germany and Japan and Italy wanted to have an empire like Britain. M. Smith – Civil servant in 1938 Source C. In years to come people will look back on the league and view it only as a failure. But how it failed will be down to a many reasons. One might argue that its successes in the 1920 were apparent simply because it didn't face the same sort of problems that it faced in the 1930s. Extract from History text book. Level 1 – Simplistic answer – does NOT refer to the sources Level 2 – Agrees or Disagrees. May refer to sources. Level 3 – Agrees AND Disagrees. MUST refer to all x 3 sources Level 4 – BALANCED answer re-LON being remembered for being negative. NB must refer to all x 3 sources.

36. Source work task – League's failure. (Answer the following source questions – you have 35 minutes to do this.) THINK BALANCED ANSWER 5. If the Americans had played a part in the League of Nations How do you think this would have made a difference to the success of the League? Level 1 Simplistic answer. Yes they would have made it a success. Level 2 YES or NO it would have been a success. EXPLAINS reasons for either. Level 3 YES AND NO it would have been a success. EXPLAINS reasons for BOTH. Level 4. Balanced answer and SUPPORTED CONCLUSION.

37. Learning outcome Reviewed our understanding of the LON Begun to examine why peace collapsed in 1939