The document discusses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern and Flux architecture. MVC faces problems as applications grow in size and complexity, with multiple controllers and views potentially manipulating the same model. Flux aims to address this by having a unidirectional data flow where all actions are dispatched through a central dispatcher. While simpler initially, Flux applications can also become confusing as data flows grow more complex. The key difference is that Flux maintains a higher level of predictability through its single-directional data flow approach.