The document discusses ASP.NET MVC, describing it as a new web application project type that separates concerns and provides tight control over HTML. It notes MVC's advantages include separation of concerns, easier integration with client-side tools, SEO-friendly URLs, and support for test-driven development. The MVC model and flow are depicted, with requests going to the controller, the controller forming a model and passing it to the view, and the view transforming the model into an output response.