Design

1. FILE MANAGEMENT
Name : Ghlam Abbas
REG:21-NTU-AM-1151
Name: Muhammad Hasher
REG:21-NTU-AM-1162

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction.
 Operations perform with a file.
 Physical storage allocation.
 Responsibilities.
 Benefits.

3. FILE MANAGEMENT
Introduction;
It is a system that allows you to
organize and keep track of files. An operating
system has its own file management but you
can also have a separate file management
system if you want more functions.

4. FILE MANAGEMENT
Operations perform by a file
There are somethings wich we can do by a file.
 CREATE
 OPEN
 DELETE
 RENAME
 COPY

5. FILE MANAGEMENT
Physical storage allocation
The Operating System store files as records in
memory, where many records make up a single
file.
There are three main ways a file is physically
stored in memory:
 ◦ Contiguous Storage
 ◦ Non-contiguous Storage
 ◦ Indexed Storage

6. FILE MANAGEMENT
Contiguous storage:
Contiguous Storage
means that records of a file are stored one
after another. It is a very simple policy to
implement, and once you have found the
start of the file, it’s very easy to find the rest
of it.

7. FILE MANAGEMENT
Contiguous storage:
The problem with is that if
you have expand the file, you either need to
have free space allocated at the end, or copy
the whole file to a different location on the
disk that has enough space.

8. FILE MANAGEMENT
Non contiguous storage:
 Non-contiguous Storage means that records of a file are
stored where ever there is free space.
 The file manager will try to put as much of it together as
possible, but there will be other part spread out over the
disk.
 These extra bits are sometimes called extents and these
are linked together with pointers.
 This means there is no easy way to determine the exact
location of a record in a file.

9. FILE MANAGEMENT
Indexed storage:
Indexed Storage means that
as well as the records in the file, an index
block is created, with pointers to each
individual file

10. FILE MANAGEMENT
Responsibilities of a file manager
The responsibilities of a file manager are as
follow:
 Operation.
 Security.
 Integrity.
 Storage.

11. RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FILE MANAGER
Operation
This provides user to work with or
manipulate the files. Manipulation includes
open, close, save, copy, delete, move,
rename, share, etc.
Security
By supporting authorization, it restricts
unauthorized user to log into system and
access files. Username and password are
required for authorization purpose.

12. RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FILE MANAGER
Integrity
In support of integrity, file
management system will keep track of data
manipulations like deletion, modification,
addition of data, etc.
Storage
This allocates memory for storing
files, dellocates memory of deleted or
unused files and maintains backups.

13. FILE MANAGEMENT
Advantages:
 Keeps track of where files are stored.
 Determines how the files are stored.
 Follows operating system file allocation
policies.
 Uses available storage space efficiently for
files.
 Creates a record/log of all file usage.
 Allocates a file to a user if is free, and if they
are permitted access to it.