Pollution being an endangerment to the living beings present all over the globe which impinges people's lives everyday. Major life threatening illnesses have been reported worldwide due to chronic exposure to pollution.WHO reports 6.5million premature deaths every year due to pollution which is a major threat to the human existence.This presentation discusses about the different types of pollution, its health effects, the steps being taken to control pollution in India and the ways to control the pollution. I hope this helps atleast a bit to make the world a better place for us to live!!

1. ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION
Presented by
Dr.R.Sindhu
IInd year Postgraduate
SRM Dental College

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Control authorities of pollution
 Noise pollution abatement
 Air pollution
 Auto fuel policy
 Air quality monitoring
 Industrial pollution
 Preventive strategies and activities
 EPA & CPCB
 Pollution control implementation
 Waste minimization
 Waste Water treatment
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 Increased urbanisation, vehicular and industrial pollution,
contamination of water with pollutants has reduced
environment quality
 Realizing this trend of pollution; the Ministry adopted policy
for abatement of pollution
 Regulations
 Legislations
 Agreements
 fiscal incentives and
other measures to prevent and abate pollution.
• stringent regulations
• development of
environmental
standards
• Control of vehicular
pollution
• spatial environmental
planning,etc.
STEPS
INITIATED:
POLLUTION CONTROL ACTIVITIES: Control of
Pollution (CP) Division in the Ministry.

4. Development of Environmental
Standards
Ministry notifies general as well as industry specific emission and effluent standards for various
categories of industries under the provisions of Environmental (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986.
Based on development of new pollution control technologies and their feasibility, these standards
are reviewed from time to time and new ones are notified.
During the year, standards/ guidelines in respect of following have been notified:
✦ Emission Regulation for Rayon Industry
✦ Noise Standards for fire crackers

5. Charter on Corporate Responsibility for
Environment Protection (CREP)
After a series of industry specific interaction meetings, CREP was adopted in March, 2003 for 17
categories of polluting industries and is a road map for progressive improvement in environmental
management.
For effective implementation of the Charter, eight task forces comprising of experts and members
from institutions and industry associations have been constituted.
These task forces are meeting regularly to monitor and to provide guidance to the industries for
adopting necessary pollution abatement measures.
A meeting of the Steering Committee was also held to review the progress of the work of the task
forces, wherein it was resolved that it should be endeavour of the task forces to comply with the
milestones through more regular meetings.

6. NationalEnvironmentAppellateAuthority
(NEAA)
NEAA was established under the National
Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 (22 of
1997) to hear appeals in regard to 86 Ministry of
Environment & Forests restriction of areas in which
any industries, operations or class of industries,
operations or process shall not be carried out or shall
be carried out subject to certain safeguards under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and for matter
connected therewith or accidental there to.
The authority is located in Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium
Complex, New Delhi and continued to function during
the year.

7. Noise pollution(Regulation and control)
Rules,2000
100 mts around the hospitals,educational
institutions and courts may be declared as
silence area
Restrictions on use of loudspeakers other
than closed premises without prior
permission
Restrictions on use of horns, crackers, sound
emitting construction eqipments in silent
zones
State government shall take measures if noise
emanating from vehicular movements
 80DB or >8 hours a day increases
tension,changes in breathing
patterns and causes deafness.
 Prolonged exposure to intense
noise levels causes permanent
hearing loss
Noise pollution

8. Installation of barriers between
the noise source and the receiver
Use of acoustics in the design of
building such as double glazing
Installation of panels or
enclosures
Green belt development such as
the attenuation of sound levels by
plantation of trees and shrubs can
NOISE ABATEMENT
TECHNOLOGIES

9.  321 Air Quality Monitoring Stations
are operational covering 25 States
and 4 Union Territories.
 Out of these, on-line data display is
available in respect of 298 stations.
 Automatic Air Quality Monitoring
Stations have been set up in
Hyderabad and Bangalore for
continuous air quality monitoring.
 Emissions from Power
stations
 Emissions from Industrial
Processes
 Vehicular Emissions
 Emissions from Burning
of Solid Waste
 Emissions from Natural
Sources such as Volcanic
Eruptions & Forest Fires
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

12. AUTO FUEL POLICY
 The first Indian emission regulations were idle emission limits which became effective in 1989.
 These idle emission regulations were soon replaced by mass emission limits for both gasoline (1991) and
diesel (1992) vehicles, which were gradually tightened during the 1990s.
 Since the year 2000, India started adopting European emission and fuel regulations for four-wheeled light-
duty and for heavy-duty vehicles.
 India’s own emission regulations still apply to two- and three-wheeled vehicles.
 Use of cleaner fuels, automobile technologies and enforcement measures for in use vehicles through
improved Pollution Under control (PUC) certification system.

13. Severe air pollution episodes at the end of 2015 in
Delhi lead to a number of Supreme Court rulings
announcing that they would move the implementation
date for BS VI(2021) to April 1, 2020 for all models
and skip over BS V standards. A new draft proposal
was published in February 2016.
www.dieselnet.com

14. Smoke Control ActionPlan (SCAP)
August 2013 to November 2014
-198 vehicles contravened
-104 Prohibition Notices have been served
Launched: August 2013
2 Main Components:
- Enforcement (road side checks and
contraventions of smoky vehicles by
Police)
- Sensitization campaign (TV and radio)

15. National Air Quality Monitoring
Programme
The network consists of 326 monitoring
stations covering 116 cities/towns in 28 States
and 4 Union Territories of the country.
New Monitoring stations were sanctioned in cities
• Chandigarh
• Cuttack
• Sambalpur
• Berhampur
• Tarapur Industrial Area
• Lote Industrial area
• Hyderabad
• Ramagundum
• Navi Mumbai
• Kurnool Visakhapatnam
• Patencheru
• Vijayawada Mandi Gobindgarh
• Khanna Baddi
• Kala Amb and Barotiwala.

16. Industrial pollution
CAUSES:
 Unregistered small scale units
 Lack of pollution control systems
 Lack of common treatment facilities
 Lack of economically viable treatment
technologies
 Lack of awareness
o Particulate matters releases from
cement industries
PNEUMOCONIOSIS in Gulbarga,
Mangalore,Raichur, Shimoga and
Davangere
IMPACTS
• Miscarriages,low birth weight,birth
defects,premature infant death,skin
problems,eye irritation and neurological
problems.
• Chlorine released from industries react
with organic compounds in water bodies to
form chlorinated organics CANCER
• Nitrates & Nitrites excess level Blue baby
syndrome
Chlorides
Nitrates
Heavy metals
Organic
compounds

17. PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
• The primary benefit of environmental audit is that it ensures cost effective
compliance of laws, standards, regulations, company policies etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL
AUDIT
ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS AND MAPPING
Projects and pilot studies have been initiated through various research
institutions and organizations. Under this program, following studies are under
progress
- GIS based Hydrological Modelling for Water Quality and Quantity in Cauvery
River Basin by IIT, Delhi.
- Geochemical baseline Mapping for Environmental Management by National
Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad.

18. i. Carrying Capacity Studies in various parts of the
country(Greater Kochi Region, Doon Valley, Damodar River
Basin, Tapi Estuary and National Capital Region)
ii. Natural Resource Accounting Studies for Upper Yamuna
Basin
iii. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Studies in Thermal Power
Plants, Steel, Pulp and Paper and Cement
iv. Other pollution prevention and waste utilisation and
management studies.
✦Environmental Pollution Control in Agrobased paper Industry by
Implementation of
Lignin precipitation System (LPS)Technology by ABC Paper, Distt.
Hosiarpur,
Punjab.
✦ Development of Air Pollution Control Package for medium Scale Lime
Kilns by

19. Waste minimization in small scale
industries
Objective:
• optimize raw material
consumption
• Save energy
• Reduce waste generation
So far 115 waste minimization circles have been established
through out the country and a large number of Organizations and
Institutions have been trained in waste minimization activities.
The project was executed till November, 2002 under the World Bank
project on Industrial Pollution Prevention (IPP) as Phase-I and Phase-II
is now being continued with Ministry’s internal funds.
Implementation of this project has helped in identification of more
than 200 options for resource and energy conservation in various
small scale industries.

20. Industries should not
discharge environmental
pollutants exceeding the
standards
Procedural safeguards
for industrial workers
Report in case of any
discharge/occurences
Environmental laboratories
Reports of Government analysts used as
an evidence
Private companies- person responsible for
the offence deemed guilty
Government companies- Head of the
department is deemed guilty
THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986
http://envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html

21. Central pollution control
board
 Identified 1551 large and medium industries
in 17 categories of highly polluting
industries, contributing maximum to the
pollution load.
 They have been given time schedule to
install necessary pollution control
equipments to comply with the prescribed
standards.
 Almost all the defaulting units are either in
the advance stage of installing the pollution
control measures or under legal action for
default.

22. POLLUTIONPREVENTION& CONTROL (PPC)
Division
Ensures compliance to environmental
legislation and standards under the
Environment Protection Act
Provides advice to industrialists and public on
appropriate abatement measures and cleaner
production techniques.
In 2008, industrial waste auditing was
introduced through the Environment Protection
(Industrial Waste Audit) Regulations 2008 to
ensure that industries play an active role in
monitoring and mitigating their environmental
impacts.
Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution
Management Project (CBIPMP)
National Program for Rehabilitation of Polluted Sites
(NPRPS)
10 highly polluted sites have been identified
for remediation on pilot basis.
2 in
Andhra
Pradesh
Noor Mohammed Kunta in
Hyderabad and municipal dumpsite
in Kadapa
8 in West
Bengal
Dhapa municipal dump site in Kolkata
and seven hazardous waste sites in
Hooghly district
http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/
cbipmp/index.htm

23. National Ozone Units
 Work with PPC division
 NOUs are Government units in developing countries that are
responsible for managing their national programmes to
comply with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer
 Monitor the Phasing-Out of Chlorofluorocarbons
COMMON EFFLUENT
TREATMENT PLANT
Centrally Sponsored Scheme
undertaken by the Ministry, for enabling the
small scale industries to set-up new and
upgrade the existing Common Effluent
Treatment Plants in the country.
Allocation of Rs.4.38 crores has been provided
for the on going Projects
 Mahad
 Thane-Belapur
 Tarapur
 Maharashtra and Veraval
 Gujarat.
Pattern of Financial Assistance:
✧ State subsidy - 25%
✧ Central subsidy - 25%
✧ Entrepreneurs contribution - 20%
✧ Loan from financial institutions - 30% of the
total project
cost

24. Pollution Control Implementation
• 851 defaulting grossly polluting industries located along the rivers and lakes in
the country have been identified for priority actions under this programme,
which was started in August 1997.
• The follow-ups for the implementation of the programme, was intensified and this
has resulted in reduction in the number of defaulting industries from 93 in March,
2000 to 5 in September, 2001.
Industrial
Pollution
Control along
the Rivers and
Lakes
Environmental
Surveillance
Squad (ESS)
The main
objective of the
squad is to
identify the
willful defaulter
through surprise
visits.
Suitable action is also
being taken against the
erring industries either
directly by CPCB or
through State Pollution
Control Board under
various Environmental
Acts.
more than 50
industries have
been visited and on
the basis of the
recommendations,
the competent
authority of CPCB
has issued closure
notice to the
defaulters.

25.  Initiated under the Tenth Plan to bring in visible
environmental improvement in the small and medium
towns.
 The following towns have been taken under first
phase of Eco-cities programme to bring in visible
environmental improvement:
✧ Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh)
✧ Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh)
✧ Puri (Orissa)
✧ Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh)
✧ Kottayam (Kerala)
✧ Thanjavour (Tamil Nadu)

26. Management of hazardous substances
As per current assessment, 4.4 million tonnes
of hazardous wastes are being generated by
13011 units spread over 373 districts of the
country. The states of Maharashtra, Gujarat
and Tamil Nadu account for over 63% of the
total hazardous wastes generated in the
country.
Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989, as amended in 2000 and 2002
Biomedical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998/2000
Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2001.

27. Wastewater Generation and Treatment
22,900 MLD of domestic wastewater is generated from urban
centres against 13000 MLD industrial wastewater.
The treatment capacity available for domestic wastewater is only
for 6,000 MLD, against 8,000 MLD of industrial wastewater
 Monitoring of Yamuna river for
assessment of water quality
 Bio-monitoring of rivers/water bodies
 Ganga action plan

28. Enforcing Agencies

29. CONCLUSION
 BS (VI) norm to be formulated considering air quality and health impact data.
 Clean fuel like CNG, LPG, BioClean Bio--fuel and Bio-diesel to be promoted in a big way.
 Future fuel (such as hydrogen) and vehicle technology ( such as hybrid vehicle) to be
promoted.
 Continuous air quality monitoring to be further strengthened and data to be posted in
CPCB/MOEF website for public information.
 Major thrust to be given for transportation
 New ambient air quality standard finalized and recommended by CPCB based upon health
impact should be notified quickly.
 Fuel adulteration to be checked.
 Policy on SO2/NOX control from industrial sources to be finalized.

30.  Clean coal technology to be promoted in a bigger way.
 Fly ash management specially from thermal power plant to be
given priority.
 Policy on So2/NOX control in industrial area to be finalized.􀃂
 Hazardous air pollution assessment and control to be promoted in
Hazardous in chemical industrial zones.
 Major thrust to be given to control air pollution from SSI units like
stone crushers, brick klin , sponge iron plants, lime kiln, foundry
etc
 CREP recommendation as finalized by CPCB to be implemented for
17 categories of highly polluting industries.
 Action plan to be implemented in 24 critically polluted areas as
Action identified by CPCB.

31. References
 Shrivastava RK, Neeta S, Geeta G. Air pollution due to road transportation in India: A review on
assessment and reduction strategies. Journal of environmental research and development. 2013 Jul
1;8(1):69.
 Levine AD, Asano T. Peer reviewed: recovering sustainable water from wastewater.
 Guidelines for Abatement of Pollution In Textile Industry.Published by Rajasthan State Pollution
Control Board, 4, Institutional Area, Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur.
 DieselNet: Emission Standards
 The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. Annex A-2 : Population Projections
 Industrial pollution.State of the environment report-2003.
 envfor.nic.in/legis/ucp/ucpsch8.html
 Abatement of pollution:Annual report 2004-2005
 Abatement of pollution:Annual report 2006-2007
 The noise pollution(regulation and control)rules,2000.
 Strategies and Policies for Air Pollution Abatement.UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR
EUROPE.2010
 Freeman III AM. Air and water pollution control: a benefit-cost assessment.
 Bagchi A. Design, construction, and monitoring of landfills.