International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Technological expansion and the changing way individuals gain access to information has deeply impacted the structure of libraries â physically as well as conceptually. A new generation of digital services platforms for libraries is emerging, designed to provide a more comprehensive approach to the management and access to all formats of library materials. Despite the modernization of libraries and their adaption to the digital age, the library still hold a critical role within community to serve its users, continuing to be beacons of information sharing, learning, and entertainment even amidst tight fiscal times.As one of the leading university in Indonesia, Bogor Agricultural University Library must find solutions to new challenges, overhaul many of their entrenched business processes, and foster systems that engage students.This study examined the information seeking behavior of the digital native and digital immigrant students of Bogor Agricultural University, in order to remind the library that there are some changes happened in its users and to recommend the new services should be taken by the library. The similarities and differences in seeking information of those two group students were discussed.
Technological expansion and the changing way individuals gain access to information has deeply impacted the structure of libraries â physically as well as conceptually. A new generation of digital services platforms for libraries is emerging, designed to provide a more comprehensive approach to the management and access to all formats of library materials. Despite the modernization of libraries and their adaption to the digital age, the library still hold a critical role within community to serve its users, continuing to be beacons of information sharing, learning, and entertainment even amidst tight fiscal times.As one of the leading university in Indonesia, Bogor Agricultural University Library must find solutions to new challenges, overhaul many of their entrenched business processes, and foster systems that engage students.This study examined the information seeking behavior of the digital native and digital immigrant students of Bogor Agricultural University, in order to remind the library that there are some changes happened in its users and to recommend the new services should be taken by the library. The similarities and differences in seeking information of those two group students were discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF BLACKBERRY WITH THE STUDENTSâ DEMAND FULF...csandit
Â
The communication technology mainly Blackberry enables a medium to facilitate mediated
interpersonal communication because of its interactive ability. This aspect creates some
easiness. In the interpersonal communication keeping apart with a distance, the interactivity of
the convergent media has been over the potential ability of a feedback since a person accessing
a convergent medium directly gives a feedback of the message conveyed. Blackberry as a result
of an advanced technology development has been growing so fast in this life.
Based on the background and phenomenon mentioned, this research studied about âThe
Relationship between The Use of Blackberry with The Demand Fulfillment and Personality of
The Junior High Students in Bandung.â The research was aimed at finding out: (1) the
correlation between ten intensity of blackberry use with the cognitive and affective fulfillment of
The Junior High School Students, (2) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use
with the Tense Release of The Junior High School Students, (3) the correlation between the
intensity of blackberry use with the Personal Integrative of The Junior High School Students;
(4) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Socially Integrative of The
Junior High School Students; (5) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with
the Confidence of The Junior High School Students; (6) the correlation between the intensity of
blackberry use with the Tolerance of The Junior High School Students; (7) the correlation
between the intensity of blackberry use with the Whole Fulfillment of The Junior High School
Students; (8) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Personality as a
whole of The Junior High School Students
The research used a quantitative approach with the explanatory survey method. The Theories
used were: Cognitive Psychology, Technology Determinism, and Uses and Gratification . The
population of the research was The Junior High School students. By using random sampling
technique, it was taken 5 schools and 200 students as the sample. The data were taken through
questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzes by using the statistical test of correlation. The
results of the research were shown in the forms of Bar Chart.
Information Technology is driving transformative pedagogy in both lower and higher education institutions. This paper discusses internet usage patterns among university academics before advancing to explore how to improve these aspects in the context of education. This descriptive survey collected data from a random sample of 440 university academics in Zimbabwe. Academics use the internet for research more than they did for teaching purposes. Statistical analysis of data revealed gender differences in internet access. Age and experience were found to explain differences in usage among university academics. Educational implications of these findings in relation to advancing development of 21st century skills through Information Technology in tomorrowâs leadership and drivers of countryâs economic growth were highlighted. The study recommends a transformation of university teaching practice through technology based holistic models that encompass creative and innovative Webogogy and facilitative content delivery for better performance in higher educational institutions. The paper advocates for university management to promote Technology based teaching practice in universities, fund and develop formal training programmes to upgrade internet search and webagogy skills of academics.
The Usage and Understanding of Information and Communication Technology on Ho...inventionjournals
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The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the usage and understanding of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on housewives who actively organize in Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) Manado City and relationship between the profile of the housewives with internet usage. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire, with 50 housewives who actively organize in Family Welfare Empowerment Manado City as a respondent and obtained by purposive sampling. The analysis used in this research is descriptive and verification with SPSS Version 23. The results showed that the use of internet on the housewives who actively organize in PKK of Manado City reached 68% which 60% using their smartphone; internet access is done every day by 67,65% housewives; internet usage is still limited to the use of social media, where 56% admitted spending their time to open social networking sites; 50% for information, while the use of email is limited to 22%, online shopping 10% and only 2% using their internet to enter world of banking; all survey respondents feel that ICT has an important function in anticipating globalization, where the positive and negative aspects of ICT also become a concern for respondents and they agreed on the importance of training in order to equip themselves; age significantly effect on the use of internet, while education and income are not significant.
This paper examines the impact of internet use on student performance. In this cross-sectional study, one hundred twenty survey responses were collected from plus two-level students from BirendranagarSurkhet. The respondents were selected from class 11 and 12 students randomly. Frequency of internet use, location of internet use, cooperation from teachers for internet learning and peer group influence on internet use for academic purpose has been analyzed with their academic performance.one sample t test was used to analyze the data. The finding concludes all these variables have positive impact if the student use internet for learning process. Similarly, the analysis shows that the student who used internet at home for learning purpose has found highest academic achievement.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON THE VALUE STRUCTURE OF MOBILE INTERNET USAGE: COMPA...Ranti Yulia Wardani
Â
Abstract: This study aims to examine the usage a pattern of mobile Internet from perspective of intercultural among developing countries. Data obtained from a survey of questionnaire which is distributed in both Thailand and Indonesia during 2013. The multiple regression analysis has been applied to identify between value structures (functional value, emotional value, social value and monetary value) and overall satisfaction in each country. Finding shows that functional value, emotional value, social value, and monetary value significantly affect satisfaction for Indonesia users which is similar to Thai users except the emotional value does not affect the satisfaction. A comparison test to examine the difference in value structure between Indonesia and Thailand has been analyzed. The results show that the functional value, emotional value, social value and monetary value between Indonesia and Thailand are different. The results of these differences are influenced by the perceptions of respondents in Indonesia and Thailand to the different mobile Internet usage pattern. In this case it turns out different cultures influence the way in perceiving the use of different technologies, especially in the mobile Internet usage pattern.
Cell Phones Usage for Academic Activities amongst Undergraduate Students of t...AJSSMTJournal
Â
This study investigated the use of cell phones for academic activities amongst the undergraduate
students of the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTM). Survey questionnaire was used for collecting
data from 379 respondents drawn based on stratified random sampling. The response rate was 99%. Findings
show that the majority 246(65.6%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed that they have awareness on
the usage of cell phones for making calls, while 224(59.7%) of them were very strongly agreed that they have
used cell phones to access the Internet. Whereas, 122(32.5%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed
that spending more time on cell phone reduces academic performance. Also 209(55.7%) of the respondents
were very strongly agreed that most students of FUTM faced the challenges of slow Internet connection,
252(67.2%) respondents were very strongly agreed that the wireless Internet infrastructure in the university
should be upgraded to ensure quality and faster download, and should be available to students for use all
times
Slides used during the debriefing of the Mobileland workshop during the 2012 EDUCAUSE conference.
https://sites.google.com/site/mccmobileland/channeling-lewis-carol
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF BLACKBERRY WITH THE STUDENTSâ DEMAND FULF...csandit
Â
The communication technology mainly Blackberry enables a medium to facilitate mediated
interpersonal communication because of its interactive ability. This aspect creates some
easiness. In the interpersonal communication keeping apart with a distance, the interactivity of
the convergent media has been over the potential ability of a feedback since a person accessing
a convergent medium directly gives a feedback of the message conveyed. Blackberry as a result
of an advanced technology development has been growing so fast in this life.
Based on the background and phenomenon mentioned, this research studied about âThe
Relationship between The Use of Blackberry with The Demand Fulfillment and Personality of
The Junior High Students in Bandung.â The research was aimed at finding out: (1) the
correlation between ten intensity of blackberry use with the cognitive and affective fulfillment of
The Junior High School Students, (2) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use
with the Tense Release of The Junior High School Students, (3) the correlation between the
intensity of blackberry use with the Personal Integrative of The Junior High School Students;
(4) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Socially Integrative of The
Junior High School Students; (5) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with
the Confidence of The Junior High School Students; (6) the correlation between the intensity of
blackberry use with the Tolerance of The Junior High School Students; (7) the correlation
between the intensity of blackberry use with the Whole Fulfillment of The Junior High School
Students; (8) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Personality as a
whole of The Junior High School Students
The research used a quantitative approach with the explanatory survey method. The Theories
used were: Cognitive Psychology, Technology Determinism, and Uses and Gratification . The
population of the research was The Junior High School students. By using random sampling
technique, it was taken 5 schools and 200 students as the sample. The data were taken through
questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzes by using the statistical test of correlation. The
results of the research were shown in the forms of Bar Chart.
Information Technology is driving transformative pedagogy in both lower and higher education institutions. This paper discusses internet usage patterns among university academics before advancing to explore how to improve these aspects in the context of education. This descriptive survey collected data from a random sample of 440 university academics in Zimbabwe. Academics use the internet for research more than they did for teaching purposes. Statistical analysis of data revealed gender differences in internet access. Age and experience were found to explain differences in usage among university academics. Educational implications of these findings in relation to advancing development of 21st century skills through Information Technology in tomorrowâs leadership and drivers of countryâs economic growth were highlighted. The study recommends a transformation of university teaching practice through technology based holistic models that encompass creative and innovative Webogogy and facilitative content delivery for better performance in higher educational institutions. The paper advocates for university management to promote Technology based teaching practice in universities, fund and develop formal training programmes to upgrade internet search and webagogy skills of academics.
The Usage and Understanding of Information and Communication Technology on Ho...inventionjournals
Â
The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the usage and understanding of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on housewives who actively organize in Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) Manado City and relationship between the profile of the housewives with internet usage. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire, with 50 housewives who actively organize in Family Welfare Empowerment Manado City as a respondent and obtained by purposive sampling. The analysis used in this research is descriptive and verification with SPSS Version 23. The results showed that the use of internet on the housewives who actively organize in PKK of Manado City reached 68% which 60% using their smartphone; internet access is done every day by 67,65% housewives; internet usage is still limited to the use of social media, where 56% admitted spending their time to open social networking sites; 50% for information, while the use of email is limited to 22%, online shopping 10% and only 2% using their internet to enter world of banking; all survey respondents feel that ICT has an important function in anticipating globalization, where the positive and negative aspects of ICT also become a concern for respondents and they agreed on the importance of training in order to equip themselves; age significantly effect on the use of internet, while education and income are not significant.
This paper examines the impact of internet use on student performance. In this cross-sectional study, one hundred twenty survey responses were collected from plus two-level students from BirendranagarSurkhet. The respondents were selected from class 11 and 12 students randomly. Frequency of internet use, location of internet use, cooperation from teachers for internet learning and peer group influence on internet use for academic purpose has been analyzed with their academic performance.one sample t test was used to analyze the data. The finding concludes all these variables have positive impact if the student use internet for learning process. Similarly, the analysis shows that the student who used internet at home for learning purpose has found highest academic achievement.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON THE VALUE STRUCTURE OF MOBILE INTERNET USAGE: COMPA...Ranti Yulia Wardani
Â
Abstract: This study aims to examine the usage a pattern of mobile Internet from perspective of intercultural among developing countries. Data obtained from a survey of questionnaire which is distributed in both Thailand and Indonesia during 2013. The multiple regression analysis has been applied to identify between value structures (functional value, emotional value, social value and monetary value) and overall satisfaction in each country. Finding shows that functional value, emotional value, social value, and monetary value significantly affect satisfaction for Indonesia users which is similar to Thai users except the emotional value does not affect the satisfaction. A comparison test to examine the difference in value structure between Indonesia and Thailand has been analyzed. The results show that the functional value, emotional value, social value and monetary value between Indonesia and Thailand are different. The results of these differences are influenced by the perceptions of respondents in Indonesia and Thailand to the different mobile Internet usage pattern. In this case it turns out different cultures influence the way in perceiving the use of different technologies, especially in the mobile Internet usage pattern.
Cell Phones Usage for Academic Activities amongst Undergraduate Students of t...AJSSMTJournal
Â
This study investigated the use of cell phones for academic activities amongst the undergraduate
students of the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTM). Survey questionnaire was used for collecting
data from 379 respondents drawn based on stratified random sampling. The response rate was 99%. Findings
show that the majority 246(65.6%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed that they have awareness on
the usage of cell phones for making calls, while 224(59.7%) of them were very strongly agreed that they have
used cell phones to access the Internet. Whereas, 122(32.5%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed
that spending more time on cell phone reduces academic performance. Also 209(55.7%) of the respondents
were very strongly agreed that most students of FUTM faced the challenges of slow Internet connection,
252(67.2%) respondents were very strongly agreed that the wireless Internet infrastructure in the university
should be upgraded to ensure quality and faster download, and should be available to students for use all
times
Slides used during the debriefing of the Mobileland workshop during the 2012 EDUCAUSE conference.
https://sites.google.com/site/mccmobileland/channeling-lewis-carol
PÄtaÄtyĹicetiletĂĄ Marie z Ostravy jela pĹed nÄkolika lety jednu zastĂĄvku naÄerno. MÄla smĹŻlu. Byla pĹistiĹžena revizorem a obdrĹžela pokutu 400 korun. Pokutu ihned nezaplatila a po nÄjakĂŠ dobÄ na ni ĂşplnÄ zapomnÄla. PrvnĂ dopis o výťi dluhu obdrĹžela v dobÄ, kdy ji opustil manĹžel a byla na mateĹskĂŠ dovolenĂŠ. KvĹŻli nepĹĂjemnĂŠ situaci a nedostatku finanÄnĂch prostĹedkĹŻ nemohla dluh uhradit. Pokuta se postupnÄ nabalila o penĂĄle a exekuce. Tento dluh i s ostatnĂmi problĂŠmy zpĹŻsobil Marii neĹeĹĄitelnou situaci. Pomoc naĹĄla u spoleÄnosti Abivia.
How Python Changed My View of ProgrammingRengaraj D
Â
My journey into programming started with Python. The talk is about how Python made me to dive into programming which I never liked at college. Example programs which I have backup of, and my first Python project
Job search the modern way - the gongzuoThe Gongzuo
Â
These modern ways to job search shift the power to the candidates, for example the free and proactive platform TheGongzuo has features not offered by any other website, visit: http://www.thegongzuo.com for more
Information Literacy skill and seeking behavior.pdfAyyanar k
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The study analyzed the Information Literacy Skills and seeking behavior among 93
Engineering Students of RaajaRaajan College of Engineering & Technology. A well-structured
questionnaire was used for data collection and MS Excel software was used for analyzing the
info. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents are Male 77(80.64%) and 18(19.35
%) of respondents are Engineering Students.13.97% of the respondents nativity Urban and
8.60% of the respondents are Rural. 77.41% of the respondents are semi-urban. 48.39% (45)
respondents used academic, majority of Respondents from Both 40.86% (38), and 39.78% (37)
of the respondents of Digital/online, Print mode respondents in 19.35% (18). 40(43.01%) of the
respondents are Read news paper Daily, majority of the Books 51(54.83%) highly Preferred,
42(45.16%) of the respondents Journals /Magazine and Back Volumes highly Preferred,
majority of the news paper from 53.76% (50) highly Sufficient, 49(52.6%) of the respondents
Online Resources highly sufficient. 48(51.61%) of the respondents Patents / standards /
Specifications highly sufficient, majority of the Digital Library Service from 73.11% (68)
Excellent, 49(52.68%) of the respondents Indexing Excellent. 46(49.46%) of the respondents
Book Bank Services Excellent. Thestudy shows that the majority of the students accessing
internet in college cambusand the maximum number of students are using various information
resources for developingtheir knowledge and prepare the seminar, conference and writing
journal article. The studyalso analyzed that the main problem of the lack of wi-fi, printing and
electricity was the prime barriers to the useof the computer by collage students.
Ranking the Criteria of Quality Evaluation for Intellectual Information on In...IJITE
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Recent past has witnessed the fast use of the information and communication technology in the ever
developing field of education. Enormous information is brought to the classroom for easy access by the
learner anywhere in the world. Learners of today are distinguished by their proficiency in use of
technology to know about assessment and successful management of informational opportunities. Critical
analysis of existing education scenario emphasizes the introduction of major thrust areas as Information
Communication Technology, literacy, organization of curriculum, and others. This is to elevate the
standard of education and disseminate the information in shortest time with use of online and offline
resources through internet. These are for professional growth, teaching support materials and other
classroom related activities. The research work and true knowledge of topics calls for the need to evaluate
the information provided on the internet. The present paper caters to this need, especially in context to
intellectual information available on the internet. The research work in this paper is accomplished by
selecting a system of quality criteria and defining in terms of internet usage for intellectual purpose.
Several questions are designed to assess each criterion and as a result an instrument is developed and
validated in the form of a questionnaire. The quality criteria taken into consideration are as Content,
Objective reasoning, Scope, Authority; these are further classified into indicators for easy assessment.
The collected data has been tabulated and analysed to rank the criteria as per their preference for quality
assessment of the intellectual information available on the internet. The results indicate that authority is
the most preferred criteria while objective reasoning is the least preferred one as per their calculated
mean values.
Ranking the Criteria of Quality Evaluation for Intellectual Information on In...IJITE
Â
Recent past has witnessed the fast use of the information and communication technology in the ever
developing field of education. Enormous information is brought to the classroom for easy access by the
learner anywhere in the world. Learners of today are distinguished by their proficiency in use of
technology to know about assessment and successful management of informational opportunities. Critical
analysis of existing education scenario emphasizes the introduction of major thrust areas as Information
Communication Technology, literacy, organization of curriculum, and others. This is to elevate the
standard of education and disseminate the information in shortest time with use of online and offline
resources through internet. These are for professional growth, teaching support materials and other
classroom related activities. The research work and true knowledge of topics calls for the need to evaluate
the information provided on the internet. The present paper caters to this need, especially in context to
intellectual information available on the internet. The research work in this paper is accomplished by
selecting a system of quality criteria and defining in terms of internet usage for intellectual purpose.
Several questions are designed to assess each criterion and as a result an instrument is developed and
validated in the form of a questionnaire. The quality criteria taken into consideration are as Content,
Objective reasoning, Scope, Authority; these are further classified into indicators for easy assessment.
The collected data has been tabulated and analysed to rank the criteria as per their preference for quality
assessment of the intellectual information available on the internet. The results indicate that authority is
the most preferred criteria while objective reasoning is the least preferred one as per their calculated
mean values.
Ranking the criteria of quality evaluation forIJITE
Â
Recent past has witnessed the fast use of the information and communication technology in the ever
developing field of education. Enormous information is brought to the classroom for easy access by the
learner anywhere in the world. Learners of today are distinguished by their proficiency in use of
technology to know about assessment and successful management of informational opportunities. Critical
analysis of existing education scenario emphasizes the introduction of major thrust areas as Information
Communication Technology, literacy, organization of curriculum, and others. This is to elevate the
standard of education and disseminate the information in shortest time with use of online and offline
resources through internet. These are for professional growth, teaching support materials and other
classroom related activities. The research work and true knowledge of topics calls for the need to evaluate
the information provided on the internet. The present paper caters to this need, especially in context to
intellectual information available on the internet. The research work in this paper is accomplished by
selecting a system of quality criteria and defining in terms of internet usage for intellectual purpose.
Several questions are designed to assess each criterion and as a result an instrument is developed and
validated in the form of a questionnaire. The quality criteria taken into consideration are as Content,
Objective reasoning, Scope, Authority; these are further classified into indicators for easy assessment.
The collected data has been tabulated and analysed to rank the criteria as per their preference for quality
assessment of the intellectual information available on the internet. The results indicate that authority is
the most preferred criteria while objective reasoning is the least preferred one as per their calculated
mean values.
The effect of information and communication technology (ICT) in Jordanian lea...IJERA Editor
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Information and communication Technology are used of electronic means which involve access storage, processing of electronic technology to handling of information, the various forms of uses itâs in order to improve Jordanian learning. The study aimed to investigate the uses and effect of ICTs for Jordanian learning from their perspective of student of higher school at the north of Jordan. The study method was a descriptive survey which uses questionnaire to collect data, questionnaire was justified and developed by the researcher to measure the effect of ICTs based on previous studies its applied to (548) student of higher school. The study was using SPSS to analyses data. The results indicate that ICTs for higher school at the north of Jordan there were a statistically significant relationship between the higher school at the north of Jordan and Jordanian learning, and seven of hypotheses reported statistically significant in the hypotheses and accepted but three hypotheses reported no a statistically significant and rejected. The study have Conclusion should gives more attention to focus on and beneficial of using ICTs applications.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF BLACKBERRY WITH THE STUDENTSâ DEMAND FULF...cscpconf
Â
The communication technology mainly Blackberry enables a medium to facilitate mediated interpersonal communication because of its interactive ability. This aspect creates some
easiness. In the interpersonal communication keeping apart with a distance, the interactivity of the convergent media has been over the potential ability of a feedback since a person accessing
a convergent medium directly gives a feedback of the message conveyed. Blackberry as a result of an advanced technology development has been growing so fast in this life.
Based on the background and phenomenon mentioned, this research studied about âThe Relationship between The Use of Blackberry with The Demand Fulfillment and Personality of
The Junior High Students in Bandung.â The research was aimed at finding out: (1) the correlation between ten intensity of blackberry use with the cognitive and affective fulfillment of
The Junior High School Students, (2) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Tense Release of The Junior High School Students, (3) the correlation between the
intensity of blackberry use with the Personal Integrative of The Junior High School Students; (4) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Socially Integrative of The
Junior High School Students; (5) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Confidence of The Junior High School Students; (6) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Tolerance of The Junior High School Students; (7) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Whole Fulfillment of The Junior High School
Students; (8) the correlation between the intensity of blackberry use with the Personality as a whole of The Junior High School Students The research used a quantitative approach with the explanatory survey method. The Theories used were: Cognitive Psychology, Technology Determinism, and Uses and Gratification . The population of the research was The Junior High School students. By using random sampling
technique, it was taken 5 schools and 200 students as the sample. The data were taken through questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzes by using the statistical test of correlation. The results of the research were shown in the forms of Bar Chart.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF BLACKBERRY WITH THE STUDENTSâ DEMAND FULF...
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A0312020108
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 â 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 â 7714
www.ijhssi.org Volume 3 Issue 12 Ç December. 2014 Ç PP.01-08
www.ijhssi.org 1 | Page
To Study the Impact of Digital Information Seeking Behaviour of
Research Fellows in Private Universities of Karachi
1,
Arshad Mahmood ,2,
Dr. Ahmed Saeed
1,(
M. Phil Research Fellow â Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan)
Library Officer â State Bank of Pakistan
2, (
Professor â Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan)
HEC approved Ph.D. Supervisor
ABSTRACT : The research study was focused on to reveal the digital information seeking behaviour of
research fellows (M.Phil. / Ph.D.) of private universities in Karachi. With the uprising of information &
Communication Technologies (ICTs) flow of information is rapidly enhanced. User needs are fulfilled through a
single click. Wide-ranging reading of volume of information is an additional dilemma. It is a reality that wide
range information create ambiguous in taking final decision. In this circumstance inspired information seeking
is exceedingly tricky. The study examined and realized the behaviour of research students towards the
information, to investigate the main sources of literature consulted by students, to determine studentsâ
awareness of the resources available to them, to establish whether students have had any instruction on use of
resources or not. The summary of findings revealed that there is significant association between the respondents
with regard to their research information needs, use of information sources, awareness of digital information of
the respondents, searching skills and satisfaction about quality of information. With the help of findings some
concrete recommendations are listed in the end of study.
KEYWORDS: Information Seeking Behaviour, Research Fellows, Electronic Resources
I. INTRODUCTION
With the beginning of the 21st
century we are truly in the commencement of the information age and as
the name of âinformation ageâ implies, information is at the core of the functioning of todayâs world and the
societies and organizations which constitute it. In this era the integration and intelligent use of information is a
prerequisite of success at all levels and inability or deficiency in information usage imposes heavy penalties at
the individual, organizational, social and global levels. At this information explosion age, our lives now based
on information. To succeed in this information era, one desires a variety of information. Without being well
informed people may not be successful in their respective fields. Information are rapidly growing, the worldâs
information is doubling in every two years. In year 2011 1.8 zettabytes or
2.12506492000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes data is generated on internet, According to 2013 study 90% of
internet data or information in the world has been generated in 2012 & 2013.With the uprising of ICTs
(information & Communication Technologies) stream of information is extremely increased. As compare to past
access to information has become speedy and inexpensive. Anyone can easily access information from his home
or office through internet, digital as well print media. This excess of information also causes a number of
troubles as searching and access to all formats is impractical. User needs abridged and brief information. Wide-
ranging reading of volume of information is an additional dilemma. It is also reality that extreme information
ambiguous decision. A user cannot take judgment or draw a conclusion due to diversity of perspective and
opinion. Selection of accurate information from mass of information is too a big difficulty. In this circumstance
an inspired information seeking is exceedingly tricky so far very much required.
There are numerous ways to acquire most recent, bona fide and reliable information. In the information
language we call it information seeking. The level of access to information in addition to other aspects also
depends on individualâs information seeking habits, behaviors and skills. Information seeking has been defined
as âan activity of an individual that is assumed to identify a message that satisfies the perceived needsâ
(Adewole, 1984, Nwokedi and Haruna 2005). Devadason and Lingam (1977) agreed that through understanding
information seeking patterns of different professionals groups, it is easy to plan and implement provision and
access to information in their fields of interest. Researchersâ information needs are specific and relevant to their
research area. For fulfillment of these needs they interact with various online or digital sources. This process is
known as Digital information seeking behaviour of research fellows.
2. To Study The Impact Of Digital InformationâŚ
www.ijhssi.org 2 | Page
Ge, X. (2010) revealed that the recent forms of technology have changed the information environment
in which social sciences and humanities researchers work. The pursuit of knowledge has been revolutionized,
mainly through the vast expansion of data accessible via the Internet. Increased knowledge of the information-
seeking behaviors of social sciences and humanities researchers is crucial to meeting their information needs.
Keeping in view the use of internet and use of digital material & demand for digital access to information
resources by research fellows, there is a need to study digital information seeking behaviour of research fellows
and readiness of university libraries to meet the researchersâ demands.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature is classified in three groups; digital information resources, information needs, and digital
information seeking behaviour.
Digital information resources: There are various researches have been conducted on the use of digital
information resources by different researchers around the world. In 2013 Gakibayo et al. carried out a study at
Mbrarar University Library Uganda regarding the use of digital information resources by university students.
Results were tabularized and it shows that a large number of respondents were aware with the full use of
technology in utilizing digital resources. The above research results ascertained that the use of digital resources
in Mbrara University is frequent but to make their research more effective and useful they need advanced
training for using digital resources. Natarajan et al. (2008) revealed the users of Annamalai University library
were aware of digital journals only among all the other digital resources and 50% of the users are fulfilled from
digital resources and it was also observed that digital journals were only source used comprehensively by users
and the digital dictionaries and digital encyclopedias were the digital resources with the least usage. The study
tells that users are not well aware with the provided resources and they cannot identify their actual need properly
because of which the satisfaction is below average.
The use of internet based digital resources at Manipur University, India. This study identify the
utilization, rationale, difficulties and satisfaction level of users about internet based digital resources services
provided by the library and they conclude that low speed internet, irregular power supply and lack of required
full text journals. According to findings the use of internet based digital resources by the students of Manipur
University is not found very significant. The reason might be those problems which they are facing while
accessing these resources (Singh, et al., 2007).In 2008 a survey was completed by H.R. and Mudhol was
completed a survey at College of Fisheries, India. The research study revealed that respondents were highly
satisfied about the level of access for the use of digital information sources. The study confirmed that the digital
information sources users are very satisfied with their retrieved results and as the sample is limited to faculty,
research scholars and post graduate students to the main reason for using digital information sources is the
research in which they are currently involved. It seems that they are well aware with the usage of such digital
resources. Mostafa (2013) carried out a survey at some selected private universities of Bangladesh about the use
and impact of digital resources. According to results, majority of the respondents gave preference to digital
thesis among all other digital resources likewise digital books, digital newspapers and digital magazines. The
study exposed the fact there are sufficient digital resources available in the campus and students use those digital
resources frequently but is need to modify infrastructure and training courses as well.
Okiki et al. (2011) had conducted a survey in Nigeria to determine the use of digital information
sources by post graduate students in Nigeria. Results showed that a large number of respondents use digital
information sources daily they are motivated to use digital information sources for their research projects.
According to tabulated results show connection in a major problem faced by the respondents. The post graduate
students in Nigeria are being motivated for the utilization of digital information resources because of which the
use of digital information is found extraordinary among them.
Information Needs: Fabritius (1997) investigated the information seeking behaviour of journalists. The main
purpose of the study was to investigate the role of digital information in journalism, how journalists use latest
information technology and how new digital technologies sustain news reporting. The journalistsâ information
searching behaviour was examined by means of major hierarchical aspects. Fabritius places information seeking
and salvage into a wider framework which have an effect on the loom to information sources and application of
information. Otike (1999) revealed the information needs and seeking behaviour of lawyers in the United
Kingdom (UK). The main objectives of the study were; discovering the nature of information lawyers acquire in
the United Kingdom, to find the ways how lawyers recognize and retrieve any information and conclude the
factors that manipulate their information needs and seeking habits. The findings of the study show that 53.8% of
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the lawyer community needs comprehensive information. Mostly lawyers acquire this information from review
articles in research journals of law subject, law reports, or matters augment in text books. About 46% lawyers
use concise and realistic information. The study reveals that information seeking behaviour of lawyers based on
their information need. Their seeking behaviour explains that they acquire information through own sources,
contemporaries and themselves from law journals. Mahmood (2007) conducted a survey research on
Parliamentarian Information Needs assessment: a Pakistan perspective. The main objective of the study was to
evaluate the basic information needs of graduate parliamentarians in Pakistan. According to Mahmoodâs study
Parliametarian use internet, digital media, and print media as information sources. The major subjects on which
they required information are Education, Economy, Health, Poverty, Energy, Science & Technology,
Agriculture, Environment and Development. Kumari (1997) conducted a research on the information use pattern
of Ph.D. research scholars in pure science subjects of the University of Kerala. Approximately all the research
scholars are agreed that the foreign research journals collection must be improved. The research revealed that
40% of the research scholars have publications. Research scholars are aware of the indexing and abstracting
periodicals in their subject and they greatly make use of these for their research work. Information needs and
seeking of research scholars varies from subject to subject. The information sources like supervising teachers,
fellow researchers, conferences etc. play a fundamental role in the information use of researchers.
Digital information seeking behavior : Research in the domain of information needs, information seeking and
information seeking behaviour started in early twentieth century. Whereas tracing the history of information
seeking and behavioral studies, few studies were carried out in the early 1900s, Ayres and McKinnie in 1916
revealed the information seeking at the Cleveland Public Library. Tibbo informs that a distinguished production
of studies on the subject take placed in the 1960s [e.g. a study by the American Psychological Association, 1963
- 1969 and Earle and Vickeryâs study in 1969]. Wilson (2000) discovered an early importance on the use of
information systems with a more person-oriented approach growing later in the 1980s. Although early user-
centred research concerted on the scientific community, it rapidly expanded to integrate educational institutions
to investigate students and staffâs actions and inspirations when using the technology. According to Francis
(2008), âResearchers and practitioners in the field of LIS have long held an importance in the information-
seeking behaviour of diverse patron groups. Research in this part dates back to the 1940s and the deliberate was
on scientists.â Since then, studies rapidly improved, preliminary with those proposed to get better collection
development, followed by folks that investigated the research behavior of individuals approach that observed the
system as seen by the user Studies on web information seeking behaviour emerged afterward, and many pen
down the mid-90s as the exact initial point. Jansen & Spink (2004) propose that the most primitive studies of
web searching behaviour in the mid-90s occurred as web search engine and web browser use began to grow,
mainly in academic environments.
Author discovered the behavioral outline with special reference to electronic databases and the World
Wide Web. Different models of information seeking behaviour were presented and the complexities in the
procedure of searching were explored. These researches offer insight into the seeking behaviour in the course of
electronic systems (Wilson, 2006). Asemi (2005) agreed to understand the information searching habits of
internet users at the Medical University of Isfahan. The purpose of the study was to examine the position of
information searching character of the users on internet. Data was collected using a questionnaire trailed by
interview with users from five faculties. 188 users responded to the study. Study revealed that students use
internet extensively, and it inhabits an important position with diverse sources. Study also revealed that
electronic media has not substitutes print media.
A study of Brazilian social sciences scholars found that, while print resources are still the most
frequently used, electronic resources are becoming more and more accepted. Access to networked computers is
the main barrier to the use of databases and other electronic resources. Francis (2005) focused on a study that
explained the information seeking behavior of social sciences faculty at the University of the West Indies
(UWI). One of this 2005 studyâs findings was that social scientists have a preference journal articles in
electronic format over print. Wang (2007) wrote about disciplinary and cultural differences among information
seekers in the Internet age, concluding that there are distinctions across disciplines and cultures in terms of how
they rank the importance of these resources and how much they use them. Wang further discussed the
information needs, information-seeking behaviors, and resource use of selected special interest groups.Nazli
(2001) studied the information seeking behavior of user community at the Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Library. Khan & Shafiq (2011) explored the Information need and information-seeking behaviour: a survey of
college faculty at Bahawalpur. Most recently Tariq (2013) completed her research on Trends in using electronic
resources by students of faculty of Science, University of Karachi. The main purpose of the study was to know
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the latest trends of use of digital resources or digital information seeking behaviour of students of Science
faculty at university of Karachi.
Scope : The study was limited to all research students of M.Phil. and Ph.D. in private Universities of Karachi.
III. METHODOLOGY
The targeted population for this study was research fellows of M.Phil. and Ph.D. in Private Universities
of Karachi. A questionnaire was developed through digital tool on Google docs, and multi-tiered approach was
adopted to reach the population and get the most out of the response rate. Questionnaire was sent through email
and through physically reached at private universities campuses. Questionnaire was distributed among selected
7 private universities of Karachi. The population is large and diverse. Therefore, stratified random sampling
design was adopted. The overall sample size of the study was 82 research fellows of M.Phil. & Ph.D. in private
universities of Karachi.
IV. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The basic purpose of this study is to find out the digital information needs and seeking behavior of
research fellows in private sector universities of Karachi. Following research questions will support and direct
the study
RQ1. Are there a significant association / difference between the respondents with regard to their research
information needs?
RQ2. Are there a significant association / difference between the respondents with regard to use of information
sources?
RQ3. What is the digital information seeking behaviour of research fellows of private universities in Karachi?
Findings
Demographic Characteristics
Composition of the respondents by Age : Study revealed that majority of the respondents were of 29-32 years
of age followed by age groups of years 24-28, 33-36 years, 37-40 years and above 40 years.
Composition of the respondents by Gender : Result shows that most of respondents were male (53) and female
respondent were (29). The ratio revealed that male research fellows dominate over female counter parts in
Social Science research in Karachi.
Composition of the respondents by Institution : The responses rate of 3 universities was high, these universities
are Hamdard University (30), Iqra University (24) and Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (SZABIST) response rate
was (12). Responses from remaining four universities was low; Indus University (3), Muhammad Ali Jinnah
University (4, Preston University (5; 6.1%) and BIZTEK (4). Response reflected that number of enrolled
research fellows is high in Hamdard University and Iqra University.
Composition of the respondents by Program / Area of Study : Findings reveal that majority of research fellows
are enrolled in Social Sciences research (48); Education (22) and Economics (12).
Composition of the respondents by status of enrolments (Semester-wise) :Study revealed that the composition
of the respondents with the highest semester representation in research (25); followed by the first semester (13),
second semester (9), third semester (14) and fourth semester (21).
Composition of the respondents by use of Digital Information : The results of study show that all research
fellows are using digital information for their research purpose and there is no single research fellow who never
used digital information during research. Majority of research fellows were using digital information from 2-3
years (33), followed by research fellows were less than 1 year (4), 1-2 years (24) and above 3 years (21). The
table also revealed that majority of research fellows was using digital information more than two years. After
HEC digital library arrival almost every university student is using digital information.
Composition of the respondents by General Reading Habit :Study revealed the general reading habit of
research fellows of private universities in Karachi. Most of respondents read to learn acquire knowledge/
information (29), followed by to enhance skills (18), to enjoy (24), as a hobby (12) and for other purpose (3).
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Majority of respondents were like to read in English language (53), followed by Urdu (17) and in all
languages (9). Most of research fellows prefer to use print material (books/journals) as information source (25);
other research fellows responded they were like to use Online Databases (19), Digital Format i.e.CD-ROM,
DVD etc. (8), Internet (19) and Email (11). Table also revealed that all research fellows are using internet and
there is no single research fellow was found who never used internet. Greater part of respondents were used
internet regularly (44), followed by Always (25), Sometimes (8), rarely (5). Majority of respondents were like to
use internet at home (42), followed by at university computer lab (21), at university library (13) and at public
library (6). A large number of respondents use internet on daily basis (35) followed by weekly (29), fortnightly
(7), monthly (7) and on need basis (4). Most of research fellows use internet 2 hours daily (29), followed by half
hour (2), an hour (8), Half an hour (21) and more than two hours (22). Majority of research fellows prefer to
visit search engines websites eg. Google, Yahoo, Alta Vista etc. (28), followed by databases (25); Online
library catalogue (OPAC) (12), Online library portals (8) and other websites (9). Most of research fellows prefer
to read newspaper Jang on Internet (31), Dawn (22), The News (13) and Express (16).
Composition of the respondents by use of Digital Information :The responses shows that huge number of
respondents often use of digital information (42) followed by never O, rarely (7), sometimes (12) and always
(21). Research fellowsâ majority always use digital information to work on assignments (34), followed by often
use (33), sometimes use (9) and rarely (6). Table also revealed that respondents often use computer to get access
to digital information, followed by always (26) and sometimes (8). It is good sign that most of researchers are
well aware regarding digital information and sources of digital information and frequently use of these
information sources.
Composition of the respondents by awareness of Digital Information :The study exposed that most of research
fellows have often knowledge about digital information (28), followed by always (24), sometimes (21). Majority
of respondents also know the function of digital information. Greater part of respondents often know the
function of digital information (32), followed by always (25), sometimes (20) and rarely (5). Table also revealed
that generally research fellows have often knowledge about when to use digital information (30), followed by
sometimes (24), always (22) and rarely (6). Majority of respondents replied that the digital information often
helps in searching of the information accuracy (41), followed by always (22); sometimes (16) and rarely (3).
Table shows that most of research fellows responded the digital information often is the easiest way to search
information (38); followed by always (24), sometimes (13) and rarely (7).
Composition of the respondents by Digital Information Searching :Study revealed research fellows majority
agreed that they have skillful to information search using subject heading (39), followed by strongly agreed
(24), neutral (15) and disagreed (4). Mostly respondents also stated that they are skillful in information
searching using title search; majority were agreed with this statement (47), followed by strongly agreed (23) and
neutral (12). Researchers also have good knowledge of author search on internet. Mostly researcher agreed that
they have good knowledge of information searching using Author search (41), followed by strongly agree (27)
and neutral (14). Research fellows majority also agreed that have knowledge of information searching using
symbols (24), followed by strongly agreed (17), neutral (18), disagreed (16) and strongly disagreed (7). A large
number of respondents also agreed that they have knowledge of information searching using phrase searching
(38), followed by strongly agreed (26), neutral (12) and disagreed (6). When asked about researcherâs skills
information searching using Boolean search techniques mass agreed that they have good knowledge about
Boolean search techniques (35), followed by strongly agreed (23), neutral (35) and disagreed (5). Majority also
have knowledge of advance searching techniques. (31) Researchers agreed that they have knowledge of advance
searching, followed by strongly agreed (21), neutral (18), disagreed (8) and strongly disagreed (4). A large
number of respondents agreed that they have knowledge regarding information searching using e-journals (26);
followed by strongly agreed (22), neutral (21), disagreed (10) and strongly disagreed (3). Furthermore, when
they asked about information searching using online databases mostly research fellows agreed that they have
good knowledge about online databases searching (34), followed by strongly agreed (26), neutral (165) and
disagreed (6). This study also discovered that majority of research fellows have good skill of information
searching using online theses/ dissertation. Majority of respondents agreed that they have good knowledge of
information searching using online theses/ dissertation (32), followed by strongly agreed (20), neutral (18),
disagreed (8) and strongly disagreed (4). Table also shows that mostly research fellows agreed with this
statement that they have knowledge of Information search using OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) (38),
followed by strongly agreed (24); neutral (14) and disagreed (6). Respondents have good knowledge of
information searching using websites, mostly research fellows agreed with this statement that they have good
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knowledge of information searching using website (43), followed by strongly agreed (29), neutral (8) and
disagreed (2)
Composition of the respondents by Quality of information that influences the student satisfaction : Results
revealed that researchersâ satisfaction about quality of digital information available. The study results reflected
that a large number of respondents are agreed (38) that digital information provides wide range of information in
varieties a field, remaining respondents strongly agreed (22), neutral (14), disagreed (6) and strongly disagreed
(2). Mostly respondents agreed (32) that digital collection are up to date and relevant, remaining respondents
stated strongly agreed (24), neutral (18) and disagreed (8). A large number of respondents strongly agreed (29)
that digital information needs short responsive time in displaying, residual agreed (28), neutral (15), disagreed
(6) and strongly disagreed (4). study revealed that majority of research fellows believed that provided digital
information is reliable, results shows that respondents (29) has been strongly agreed, followed by agreed (24),
neutral (17), disagreed (12) and strongly disagreed (7%). Table shows that mostly research fellows agreed (37)
with this statement âinformation provided are protected from an unauthorized access (eg.;Emeraldinsight,
JStore, EbscoHost etc.)â, remaining respondents stated that they are strongly agreed (24), neutral (14) and
disagreed (7). Majority of respondents satisfied with the information provided in the database agreed (32),
strongly agreed (26), neutral (18) and disagreed (6). This study revealed that mostly respondents satisfied with
the terminology used in the digital information. 26 respondents agreed and 18 respondents were strongly
satisfied with the terminology used in digital information, remaining 21 respondents were neutral, 12
respondents were disagreed and 5 respondents were strongly dissatisfied with terminology. Mostly respondents
were agreed (35) with this statement âdigital information is the best information sources in helping researcher
completing his/her workâ. Remaining respondents were strongly agreed (31), neutral (12) and disagreed (4).
Mostly research fellows were agreed (38) that they would like to use digital information in future, 32
respondents were strongly agreed to use digital information in future, remaining 8 respondents were neutral and
4 respondents were strongly disagreed to use digital information in future. Table explained that majority of
respondents were agreed (34) with the statement âthe needed digital information is accurate and fulfill
researcher needsâ, 29 respondents were strongly agreed with statement, 13 respondents were neutral and 6 were
disagreed with the statement.
V. CONCLUSION
The main objective of the study was to investigate the digital information seeking behaviour of the
research fellows of private universities in Karachi. The conclusion based on both kinds of data obtained is
presented to address the research questions.
RQ1. Are there a significant association / difference between the respondents with regard to their research
information needs? After data analysis this research study revealed that there is a significant association
between the respondents with regard to their research information needs. Majority of research fellows of private
universities search information through digital sources. Study exposed that research fellows have more than two
years experience of digital information searching and use of digital information sources.
RQ2. Are there a significant association / difference between the respondents with regard to use of information
sources?
Data analysis revealed that there is a significant association between the respondents with regard to use
of information sources. Research fellowsâ majority use of digital information sources from more than two years;
it shows that research fellows were well aware regarding digital information sources and use of digital
information sources. Although they do not have information of all kind of digital resources but they have
experience of exercise digital information sources.
RQ3. What is the digital information seeking behaviour of research fellows of private universities in Karachi?
The study revealed the digital information seeking behaviour of research fellows of private universities
in Karachi. Majority of respondents were like to read in English language. Most of research fellows prefer to use
print material (books/journals) as information source; other research fellows responded they were like to use
Online Databases, Digital Format i.e.CD-ROM, DVD etc., Internet and Email . Study revealed that all research
fellows are using internet and there is no single research fellow was found who never used internet. Greater part
of respondents was used internet regularly. Majority of respondents were like to use internet at home. A large
number of respondents use internet on daily basis. Most of research fellows use internet 2 hours daily. Majority
of research fellows prefer to visit search engines websites eg. Google, Yahoo, Alta Vista etc. Research fellows
prefer to read newspaper Jang & Dawn on Internet. Large number of respondents often use of digital
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information. Research fellowsâ majority always use digital information to work on assignments. Respondents
often use computer to get access to digital information. It is good sign that most of researchers are well aware
regarding digital information and sources of digital information and frequently use of these information sources.
Most of research fellows have often knowledge about digital information. Respondents also know the function
of digital information. Greater part of respondents often knows the function of digital information. Study also
revealed that generally research fellows have often knowledge about when to use digital information. Majority
of respondents replied that the digital information often helps in searching of the information accuracy. Most of
research fellows responded the digital information often is the easiest way to search information. Research
fellows majority agreed that they have skillful to information search using subject heading, title and author
search. Research fellows majority also agreed that have knowledge of information searching using symbols,
using phrase searching, using Boolean search techniques, advance searching techniques, using e-journals search,
online databases searching, using online theses/ dissertation, OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue), using
websites.
Researchers are satisfied about quality of digital information available. The study results reflected that
a large number of respondents are agreed that digital information provides wide range of information in varieties
a field, digital collection are up to date and relevant, digital information needs short responsive time in
displaying, residual, provided digital information is reliable, information provided are protected from an
unauthorized access (eg.;Emeraldinsight, JStore, EbscoHost etc.), the information provided in the database,
terminology used in the digital information, digital information is the best information sources in helping
researcher completing his/her work, agreed to use digital information in future, the needed digital information is
accurate and fulfill researcher needs
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS
Following recommendations are made on the basis of findings of the study:
[1] Active programming of lectures, seminars, workshops, etc. should be initiated by Universities to promote
the concept of digitization among research fellows of M.Phil. / Ph.D. programmes.
[2] HEC should participate with universities for the promotion of digitization practices in universities. HEC
should provide funding to universities and universities libraries specifically for use of digital resources
and digital technology trainings, and digital technology acquisition for promotion of research culture
among research fellows enrolled in M.Phil. &Ph.D. programmes.
[3] Universities must train research fellows regarding digital information searching techniques using HEC
digital library databases.
[4] Information literacy/web literacy training programs should be followed up by training to impart high end
information seeking skills on university research community. There should also be a greater emphasis on
information literacy to mould research fellows into responsible users who are fretful about the value of
the information they use. Information technology (IT) skills are the pioneer to or the base of effective
web information seeking strategies.
[5] Digital information seeking short courses/training workshops/seminar need to be offered during course
work of M.Phil. / Ph.D. programmes.
[6] Universities must equip their libraries with latest technologies and online databases for ease of research.
[7] Libraries are recommended to connect in bigger orientation drives to educate research fellows about the
importance of OPACs in information retrieval and to usually boost understanding of their services.
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