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A universal matter-wave interferometer with optical gratings in the time domain
- 1. A universal matter-wave interferometer with optical gratings… Philipp Haslinger Music by Adrian Artacho …in the time-domain
- 2. Overview
- 5. Motivation
- 6. The Talbot Lau interferometer intensity Δx g G1 G2 G3 v Δx diffraction incoherent matter waves detection by shift of G3 preparation of transversal coherence
- 7. g d s dBλ≈max dB g d λ 2 = g g= TL= s A model interferometer d mv h dB =λ
- 8. The Talbot Lau interferometer intensity Δx g G1 G2 G3 v Δx dB T g L λ 2 = dB T g L λ 2 = mv h dB =λ
- 9. g d s dBλ=max g d mv h s =max Time - domain g t m h ts =max)( mv h dB =λg g = s max A model interferometer
- 10. g d mv h s =max Time - domain d g t m h ts =max)( g A model interferometer Interference pattern of faster particles
- 11. g d mv h s =max Time - domain d g t m h ts =max)( g A model interferometer Interference pattern of slower particles
- 12. g d mv h s =max Time - domain g t m h ts =max)( After theAfter the samesame timetime allall particles with theparticles with the same masssame mass produce theproduce the same interference,same interference, regardless of their velocities!regardless of their velocities! A model interferometer
- 13. After a certain time .... all particles with the same mass .... contribute to the same interference pattern .... regardless of their velocity Transition to time-domain Cahn et.al., PRL 79 (1997) Reiger et.al., Opt Commun 264 (2006) Nimmrichter et.al., NJP 13 (2011) -pulsed standing laser waves as periodic ionizing gratings nm nm g laser 5,78 2 157 2 === λ g dB T g L λ 2 = h mg TT 2 = How to implement?
- 14. t=0 to MCP interferometer mirrorpulsed source TOF MS t=TT hmgTT /2 = tsource tdetection mass signal 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x 10 5 Pulsed cluster source t=2TT OTIMA interferometer 157 nm post ionization
- 15. t=0 to MCP interferometer mirrorpulsed source TOF MS t=TT hmgTT /2 = tsource tdetection mass signal 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x 10 5 Pulsed cluster source t=2TT OTIMA interferometer 157 nm post ionization
- 16. Haslinger et al. Nature Physics (2013) Interference pattern encoded in the mass spectrum Anthracene C14H10 m = 178 amu
- 17. Talbot - carpet
- 20. Clusters of the following molecules have interfered in the OTIMA interferometer recently: 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 cluster number norm.contrast ferrocene Fe(C5H5)2 m = 186 amu 1973 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 cluster number norm.contrast caffeine C8H10N4O2 m = 194 amu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 cluster number norm.contrast vanillin C8H8O3 m = 152 amu
- 21. Limits & Outlook: • Particle velocity: limited by setup geometry particles >106 amu need to be cooled and even trapped • Gravity: long Talbot time (107 amu ≈ 0.30 sec) particles fall • Decoherence: thermal, collisional • Modifications of established quantum theory ? spontaneous collapse models Ghirardi et al. Phys. Rev. A (1986) Erwin Schrödinger‘s grave in Alpbach It is not „written in stone“It is not „written in stone“
- 22. Limits & Outlook: • Particle velocity: limited by setup geometry particles >105 amu need to be cooled and even trapped • Gravity: long Talbot time (107 amu ≈ 0.3sec) particles fall • Decoherence: thermal, collisional • Modifications of established quantum theory ? spontaneous collapse models models Ghirardi et al. Phys. Rev. A (1986) It is „written in stone“It is „written in stone“ At University of Vienna
- 23. Team 2013 Philipp Geyer Stefan Nimmrichter Markus Arndt Jonas RodewaldNadine Dörre
- 25. t=0 to MCP interferometer mirrorpulsed source TOF MS t=TT hmgTt /2 = tsource tdetection mass signal 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x 10 5 Pulsed cluster source 157 nm post ionization t=2TT OTIMA interferometer
- 26. Mirror heating shifts the fringe pattern and reveals the „fleeting“ nanostructure
- 27. A tool of high sensitivity • Molecular patterns as fine as 40 nm (Read/Write) • High temporal resolution <2 ns • Sensitive to optical polarizability (excited state lifetime) • Possible application: Spectroscopy 1 IR-photon (2µm) shifts a 100 amu molecule in 20µs by 40 nm t=0 t=TT t=2TT No velocity dependence Nimmrichter et al. Phys. Rev. A (2008)
- 28. Quantum interference is revealed as a Mass-dependent signal amplification/reduction T1 T2 Asymmetric pulses T1 T2 Symmetric pulses⟶ Interference m m/2
- 29. Interference pattern encoded in the mass spectrum Haslinger et al. Nature Physics (2013) Anthracene C14H10 m = 178 amu neon seedgas, vmax ≈920m/s ⟶ TT =19 µs difference due to constructive interference argon seedgas, vmax ≈700m/s ⟶ TT =26 µs
- 30. A mirror-scan shifts the fringe pattern and reveals the „fleeting“ nanostructure
- 32. Vibration sensor
- 33. Interference pattern independent of the particle´s velocity but strongly depends on the timing Sym Asym
- 34. Rayleigh scattering in the grating
- 35. Coriolis force -> Mismatch of wave packets
- 36. Tip-Tilt Mirror Compensation Measurement of Earth rotation rate in Berkeley ,CA • Reduce systematic effect • Improved sensitivity • World’s most sensitive atom interferometer (10 ħk, 250 ms) (2012)
- 38. A tool of high accuracy • Molecular patterns as fine as 39 nm (Read/Write) • High temporal resolution <2ns • Sensitive on optical polarizability (excited state lifetime) • Possible application: Spectroscopy 1 IR-photon (2µm) shifts a 100 amu molecule in 20µs by 40 nm Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 39. g d mv h s =max Time - domain d g t m h ts =max)( g After theAfter the samesame timetime allall particles with theparticles with the same masssame mass produce theproduce the same interference,same interference, regardless of their velocities!regardless of their velocities! A model interferometer
- 40. g d mv h s =max Time - domain d g t m h ts =max)( g A model interferometer Interference pattern of faster particles
- 41. System requirements • Interference pattern lasts < 48ns Active jitter readout and active laser synchronization • Effective slit width & grating phase depend on laser pulse energy monitoring • Interference pattern for different masses at the same time Mass detection and selection Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Experimental repetition rate 100 Hz 200MB/s data
- 42. Requirements on Interferometry Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 43. Talbot Lau in the Time domain Advantages of the OTIMA-Interferometer (Optical Time-domain Ionizing Matter-wave Interferometer) ▫ Standing light wave: absorptive & ionizing ▫ Grating period 78.5nm ▫ no v.d.Waals interaction ▫ Interference independent of velocity ▫ Highest visibility for allmasses Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 46. Talbot Lau in the time domain Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 1. Grating Coherence prep. 2. Grating Diffraction 3. Grating Scanning mask Detector Pulsewidth 6nsPulsewidth 6ns Mass Signal
- 47. Far fieldFar field Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 g d s dBλ=max s mv h dB =λ g d mv h s =max Time- domain d g
- 49. Testing Spontaneous Localization Theories • Is there a quantitative criterion? Ghirardi, Rimini, Weber Phys. Rev. D 34, 470 (1986) Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Testing spontaneous localization theories with matter-wave interferometry Nimmrichter, et al arXiv:1103.1236
- 50. 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 Mass [amu] Signal[a.u.] Ac8 Comparison resonant/off-resonant Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 51. OTIMA-Interferometer Interfering in the time domain 10³ amu106 amu
- 52. Quantum interference is revealed as a Mass-dependent signalamplification/reduction Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 T1 T2 T1 T2 Asymmetric pulses Symmetric pulses⟶ Interference
- 53. OTIMA-Interferometer Optical Time-domain Ionizing Matter-wave Interfometer Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 54. Deflectometry in The time domain Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Magnetron source: Prof. Bernd von Issendorff, Freiburg
- 55. Why Metal Cluster? Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 56. Talbot Lau in the time domain Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 1. Grating Coherence prep. 2. Grating Diffraction Detector 3. Grating Scanning mask Velocity Signal
- 57. Talbot Lau in the time domain Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 1. Grating Coherence prep. 2. Grating Diffraction Detector 3. Grating Scanning mask Velocity Signal
- 58. 1422 1424 1426 1428 1430 1432 -25.5 -25 -24.5 -24 -23.5 -23 -22.5 -22 -21.5 Mass [amu] Signal[a.u.] Anthracene cluster mass spectrum Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 59. Which Particles? Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Fluorofullerene - 1632amu Di-azo-benzene - 1034amu Metal/Semiconductor clusters! Ionization energy: Visible – UV Absorptive laser gratings possible Size: good mass scaling behavior spherical shape – 106 amu r ~3nm Slowing/trapping feasible Source available (B. v. Issendorff, Univ. Freiburg) mass range 102 – 107 amu for allmetals
- 60. Limits & Outlook: • Gravity: long Talbot time (107 amu ≈ 0.2sec) particles fall out of the laser focus • Particle velocity limited by setup geometry large clusters>105 amu cooled and even trapped • Decoherence: collisional, thermal • Tests of established Quantum Theory: spontaneous collapse models Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 61. Testing Spontaneous Localization Theories • Is there a quantitative criterion? Ghirardi, Rimini, Weber Phys. Rev. D 34, 470 (1986) Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Testing spontaneous localization theories with matter-wave interferometry Nimmrichter, et al arXiv:1103.1236
- 63. Talbot Lau in the time domain LaserLaser wavelengthwavelength 157nm157nm 7.9eV7.9eV MirrorMirror T=mg²/h Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 65. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 Mass [amu] Signal[a.u] Anthracene cluster mass spectrum after 3 laser pulses resonant Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 66. Anthracene cluster mass spectrum after 3 laser pulses off-resonant (100ns) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 Mass [amu] Signal[a.u.] Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 67. 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 Mass [amu] Signal[a.u.] Comparison resonant/off-resonant Ac5 Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 68. 1778 1780 1782 1784 1786 1788 1790 1792 -23.6 -23.4 -23.2 -23 -22.8 -22.6 -22.4 -22.2 -22 Mass [amu] Signal[a.u.] Comparison resonant/off-resonant Ac10 Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 69. Interference scan Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Contrast mrad ~40nm
- 70. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Mass [amu] Contrast Interference contrast @ pulse timing = 25.2µs Ac10 Ac5 T=mg²/h Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 71. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Mass [amu] Contrast Interference contrast @ pulse timing = 25.2µs Ac10 Ac5 Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 72. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Mass [amu] Contrast Interference contrast @ pulse timing = 19.6µs Ac10 Ac5 Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
- 73. Farfield interferometry Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Juffmann et al. Nature Nanotechnology 7, 297–300 (2012)
- 75. Farfield interferometry Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Juffmann et al. Nature Nanotechnology 7, 297–300 (2012)
- 78. 1st Grating Coherence 2nd Grating Diffraction 3rd Grating Detection Mask Gerlich et al. Nature Physics 3, 711 (2007) Source Detector Kapitza-Dirac-Talbot-Lau interferometry
- 79. Quantum Superposition of „Molecular Octopuses“ Nature Communications 2, 263 (2011). m=5672 amu, N=356 atoms m=5310 amu, N=430 atoms Interference requires quantum indistinguishability given if a single molecule interferes with itself.
- 80. Which Particles? Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Ionization energy: below 7.9eV + high ionization efficiency Absorptive laser gratings Metal/Semiconductor clusters: Magnetron sputter source (B. v. Issendorff, Freiburg) Cold 102 – 107 amu clusters Spherical shape: 106 amu r ~3nm Ar He LN2 sputtering head aggregation tube iris
- 81. Which Particles? Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013 Ionization energy: below 7.9eV + high ionization efficiency Absorptive laser gratings Molecular clusters: Even- Lavie-Valve: Cold: supersonic expansion T< 1 K Intense: pulsed thermal evaporation Anthracene : IE~ 7,2eV Vapor pressure ~ 70mbar @200°C
- 82. Thermal laser desorption • Slow velocitiy • Provides even thermal sensitive particles • Fast switching • Point like source • Tailermade molecules ~25 000 amu • Thermal velocity …. • Talbot order….. • Space-time area…. Philipp Haslinger Bordeaux 2013
Editor's Notes
- Bis 2:09
- We start with a pulsed source. Thermal evaporated neutral particles are releast in punches from hight preasure (seeded with an inert gas like argon) to vacuum. During this expansion they cool down and start to form clusters of diferent masses.
- Bei den 7 fach vergrößert sollte man eine zoom animieren sonst kennt sich keiner aus Vielleicht auch noch was mit ferrocene oder vanilin
- Ernst Otto Fischer und Geoffrey Wilkinson erhielten 1973 den Nobelpreis!
- Fall in 0.3 sec 0.45meter That s the grave of Erwin Schrödinger in Alpbach Austria and not even here it is written in stone and there is a lot space to extent his famous formular
- Fall in 0.2 sec 20cm That s the grave of Erwin Schrödinger in Alpbach Austria and not even here it is written in stone and there is a lot space to extent his famous formular
- Nano quest fit
- Ac6 =0 Ac8 = 42% Auf das 1 spiegel design hinweisen Animation wie man die stehwelle verändert
- Spell check „Sensitive on“
- Sind keine daten, sagen damit wir effect sehen. Mit naked eye not observable
- Bei den 7 fach vergrößert sollte man eine zoom animieren sonst kennt sich keiner aus Vielleicht auch noch was mit ferrocene oder vanilin Masse mehr also 2100amu
- Ac6 =0 Ac8 = 42% Auf das 1 spiegel design hinweisen Animation wie man die stehwelle verändert K-vektor kick geht ein. Mit sin(winkel)
- n0=10 photonen bei allen 3 stehwellen.
- 20µs 3nm max
- The solid and the dashed lines correspond to m =10^8 amu and m = 10^9 amu, dotted no rayleigh scattering Gitter absorption ist bei n0=8 photonen Der Streuquerschnitt σ der Rayleigh-Streuung ist proportional zu ω^4
- Spell check „Sensitive on“ Stapelfeldt aglinment
- Vis/2 in den genkennzeichneten bereichen!!
- Brownian motion noise term couples to the local mass density and is added to the schrödinger equation 2 parameter: lambda the rate parameter govering the noise strength and rC spatial correlation length of the noise field (10^-7m)
- 8fach cluster neon
- High visibility of a 10 times anthracene cluster
- Für niob 93amu optimiert für 54fach cluster Simulated transmission through the interferometer as a function of atoms/cluster
- 8fach cluster
- Fall in 0.2 sec 20cm
- Brownian motion noise term couples to the local mass density and is added to the schrödinger equation 2 parameter: lambda the rate parameter govering the noise strength and rC spatial correlation length of the noise field (10^-7m)
- mit
- asi
- 5 fach cluster; rot und blau beschriften
- Asi argon Ac 10
- 25.2µs talbot time Argon buffergas Achtung rot ist theorie visibility Blau ist contrast (phase nicht bekannt)
- 25.2µs talbot time Argon buffergas Achtung rot ist theorie visibility Blau ist contrast (phase nicht bekannt)
- 19,6 µs talbot time neon
- Van der waals force? F=1/r^3 particel , wall ; casimir retarted 1/^4; Silizium nitrit Gallium ionen
- Laser mit Gitter Youngscher Doppelspalt
- Laser mit gitter Youngscher Doppelspalt 20 sek bild
- Warum nur 16% visibility? Wenig signal und alle schlitze offen Größtes molekül ist he2 2000 bei schöllkopf und toennies 1mK bindungsenergy