The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Comparison of The Roth prescription,Alexander prescription & MBT prescription...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This cephalometric analysis gives an idea about the planes ,facial types, arch and axis this slide includes Introduction
Planes,Classification of facial types,Archs,Axis,Dental axis
Conclusion,Ceph tracing
Mc namara analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
in Orthodontics, Torque is a vital ingredient in the achievement of optimal esthetics, function and health of teeth and surrounding tissues, as also in stability of the treatment results
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Comparison of The Roth prescription,Alexander prescription & MBT prescription...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This cephalometric analysis gives an idea about the planes ,facial types, arch and axis this slide includes Introduction
Planes,Classification of facial types,Archs,Axis,Dental axis
Conclusion,Ceph tracing
Mc namara analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
in Orthodontics, Torque is a vital ingredient in the achievement of optimal esthetics, function and health of teeth and surrounding tissues, as also in stability of the treatment results
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Our industrial experience enables us to understand the needs of our clients in a better manner thus offering a precision engineered range of power control systems, electric power control systems.
GÜLPINAR (AYVACIK-ÇANAKKALE) DEPREM FIRTINASININ SAYISAL ANALİZİ VE SİSMOLOJİ...Haluk Eyidoğan
Hatırlanacağı gibi 15 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Çanakkale Ayvacık İlçesininin Gülpınar köyünün 2.5 km doğusunda 4.5 büyüklüğünde bir deprem etkinliği başlamıştı. 21 gün sonra 6 Şubat 2017 tarihinde bu etkinlik Gülpınar İlçesinin 1 km batısında sabah saat 06:51 de 5.2 büyüklüğünde kuvvetli bir deprem olunca sarsıntılar daha da arttı. Deprem bölgede geniş bir alanda hissedildi. 15 Ocak 2017 - 1 Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında süren deprem etkinliği kümesi içerisinde büyüklüğü 2.0 ve daha fazla deprem sayısı 1.696 adettir. Bu kümenin içerisinde büyüklüğü 4.0 ve daha fazla olan deprem sayısı 21 adettir (Tablo 1). Sarsıntılar giderek Deprembilim (Sismoloji) dalında “Deprem Fırtınası” olarak tanımlanan bir kimliğe büründü (Şekil 1). Bu deprem fırtınası içerisinde orta ve küçük kuvvette depremler çok sık olduğu ve uzun sürdüğü için Çanakkale Ayvacık İlçesinin köylerinde çok sayıda yapıda ağır, orta ve hafif hasarlar oluştu.
Bu makalede, 1 Ocak 2017 öncesi ve sonrası bölgedeki deprem etkinliğinin durumunu, 15 Ocak 2017 tarihinden 1 Mart 2017 tarihine kadar kaydedilebilen deprem etkinliğinin yeryüzündeki dış merkez dağılımını ve deprem fırtınasının zaman içerisinde değişimini, depremi yaratan faylanmanın fiziksel özelliklerini, bu deprem fırtınasının 6 Ekim 1944 de 6.8 büyüklüğündeki Edremit Körfezi-Ayvacık depremi ile olası jeolojik-jeofizik ilişkilerini ve deprem sonrası bölgede yayılan söylentileri değerlendireceğim. Bu makalenin yazıldığı tarihte deprem fırtınası azalarak da olsa sürüyordu.
Modern begg – (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Module 3 study guide - School for Change AgentsNHS Horizons
It is natural to resist change. Rather than seeing resistance as something negative, here we shift our perspective so that we see dissent, diversity and disruption as essential components of effective change. However, we need to build resilience in order to work effectively with resistance. This module offers some tools and techniques to ensure that we remain strong, adaptable and able to continue our work as change agents.
To find out more about the School, please visit the website http://theedge.nhsiq.nhs.uk/school
Alkoholijuomien matkustajatuonti ennätyskorkealla - syy veropolitiikassaPanimoliitto
Kotimaanmyyntiä on vahvistettava rajakaupan kustannuksella. Hallituksen linjaukset uudeksi alkoholilaiksi kasvattavat kilpailua kotimarkkinoilla ja vähentävät näin rajakauppaa. Alkoholilain kokonaisuudistus pitää tuoda mahdollisimman pian eduskunnan käsittelyyn – vitkuttelu lain valmistelun osalta saa jo riittää. Viime toukokuussa lain kerrottiin tulevan voimaan vuoden 2017 alusta, mutta edelleenkään sitä ei ole saatu edes eduskunnan käsittelyyn.
Ehdoton ei alkoholiveron korotuksille. Alkoholilain uudistusta ei saa vesittää veronkorotuksilla.
A general consideration of stage i in begg /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
A general consideration of stage i in begg /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Finishing and detailing in Pre adjusted edgewise technique / fixed orthodonti...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Finishing and detailing in straight wire technique / fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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A treatment method for / dental courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
A treatment method for orthodontic /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Management of cross bite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The stage iii of begg technique including problem /certified fixed o...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Alexanders vari simplex discipline /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
A general consideration of stage i in begg /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Components of begg appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Similar to consideration of stage 1 in begg technique/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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consideration of stage 1 in begg technique/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. A general consideration of
Stage I in Begg Technique.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Introduction
• General objective of any ortho trt. – to
obtain a result that simulates normal
occlusion.
• With Begg technique objective achieved by
dividing trt. into 3 stages.
Stages I and II – Crown tipping phase.
Stage III – Root tipping phase.
Stage IV – Finishing phase
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. • Overlapping of the stages must be avoided.
• ie. Objectives of each stage met before
proceeding
• Therefore better results and fewer
problems are encountered.
• Division into stages
– to prevent anchorage failure
– Teaching and learning made easier.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Objectives of Stage I
• Correction of crowding and irregularity
• Closure of anterior spaces.
• Correction of rotations.
• Elimination of deep bites -edge to edge
bite / open bite except in class III
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. • Openbites Overbite
relations
• Correction of Mesiodistal
relations of buccal segments
– Class I and Class II Mild class
III
– Class III Class I or Class II
• Co-ordination of upper and
lower arches.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. • Correction of anterior and posterior cross
bites.
• Axial relation of anchor molars corrected –
upright position.
– Extraction spaces become smaller
– All tooth movements carried out
simultaneously & in both arches.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. • Apparatus applied simultaneously
– to avoid breakage
– Act simultaneously to reciprocal adv. with
each other
• Creeping into trt. avoided Severe loss of
anchorage.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Archwires
Material –
– 0.016 special AJW – principal wire of Stage I.
– Combination of resiliency, flexibility & stiffness
– Important for bite opening by incisor intrusion
– Developed by rigid control in wire drawing and
heat trt.
– 0.018 special – Molar extraction cases
– 0.014 special – rotating springs.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Parts
• Intermaxillary Hooks – ( IMH )
Small loops for engaging elastics and cuspid ties
– 2 types –
• Boot
• Circle/ Helical
– Adv of Circle hook.
• Mesial & Distal rolling possible
• Less space requirement.
• Less distortion
• Greater stiffness in horizontal and vertical plane.
• Neat & simple
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Location
– Well aligned ant. – 1-2 mm mesial to the
cuspid bracket.
– Spaced ant. – Farther mesially.
– Mildly crowded ant. – impinging on the
bracket.
– Severely crowded – multi loop wires.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. • Anterior Segment.
– Portion of the wire b/w IMHs
– lies gingival to buccal segment for effective intrusion
– Reverse curve at midline – 2-3 mm elevated form occlusal
plane for even intrusion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. • Cuspid Offset bend.
– Horizontal offset bend mesial to the IMH.
– Proper positioning of the cuspid and the lateral
incisor.
• Cuspid Curve:
– Labial curvature in cuspid area – incorporated
to avoid lingual tipping of canines.
– In narrow arches requiring expansion, definite
offset given.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. • Anchorage bends / Tip back bends.
– In buccal segment of the archwire mesial to the
tube with vertex facing occlusally.
Angulation depends on –
– Stage of trt. - as stage progresses.
– Depth of overbite - with bite opening.
– Rate of progress of case.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. -Inclination of anchor molars.
– Mild to moderate inclination – slight anchor bend.
– Severe inclination – Initially no anchor bend.
– Later gradually increases anchor bend to upright the
molar.
– No intrusion of anteriors beyond edge to edge or mild
openbite.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. • Location depends on
– Time elapsed since commencement of trt. – as
far mesially.
Distal to bicuspid bracket.
In mild open bite and overbite – anchor
curve.
-Depth of overbite.
Greater reduction in overbite if closer to the
molar tube.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. • Rate of progress.
• Amount of space remaining.
• Location in looped archwire.
• Non – extn. cases
• 1st molar extn. cases.
• 2nd Premolar extn. cases.
Nearer
the tube
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. • Toe in and toe out bends.
– Horizontal offset bends combined with anchor
bends.
– Anchorage bend bent lingually – toe in.
– Anchorage bend bent buccally – toe out.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. • 4 functions.
– Corrective – to correct existing molar
rotations.
– Preventive – to counteract rotations due to Cl
I elastics.
– Passive – to maintain normal alignment.
– Combination of corrective and passive - to
rotate molar but axis of rotation is at mesial or
distal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. • Molar Stops.
– Limit extent to which wire can slide through
molar tube.
– Indications.
• For preserving space in
Non extn. Trt.
Mixed dentition trt.
3 types.
– Removable locks – easily employed passively.
– Bent into archwire – reduced bulk.
– Coil spring.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Shape and form
– Compromise b/w the shape of the M.O &
normal occlusion.
– Expansion for prevention.
• ¼” in molar area for upper arches.
• ½” in molar area for the lower arches.
– Symmetry and co-ordination.
• 2 types of stage I archwires Plain
Looped
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. • Plain archwire.
– Deep overbite.
– Asymmetrical arches.
– Mild or no crowding.
• Looped archwies.
– Moderate to severe crowding.
– Consists of vertical loops 6-8mm high & 1 mm
wide in the anterior segment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. • Comparison.
– Levelling and alignment.
• Looped archwire due to greater flexibility is superior
especially in the horizontal plane.
– Bite opening.
• Plain archwire due to lack of flexibility results in
even intrusion of anteriors.
– Maintaning archform.
• Relative inflexibility of archwire enhances overall
inflexibility.
– Patient comfort.
• Greater with plain archwire.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. • Decline in the use of looped
archwire due to :-
– Ill effects on anterior teeth.
• Inadequate or uneven bite opening.
• Labial flaring of incisors and buccal
movement of canines.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. – Ill effects on posterior teeth.
• Molar rotations
• Anchorage loss.
– Difficulty in construction and adjustment.
– Difficulty maintaining arch form.
– Difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. • Newer wires in Begg.
– 0.014 SS, braided, twisted, Niti wires etc.
– Not to be used alone.
– In conjunction with base plain wire.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. • Engagement of Archwire.
– Insert into molar tubes and pin easily
accessible incisor brackets.
– Pin the cuspid brackets first in the looped wire.
– Pinning done lightly and ligate loosely all
severly displaced teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. • Rotated cuspids not engaged, loosely
ligated & derotated with elastic threads or
spring.
• Archwire loosely attached to premolars by
– Loose ligatures
– Retaining ring
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. • Cuspid ties.
– Ligature tie from intermaxilary hook to distal
of cuspid bracket.
– Prevents drifting of anterior teeth.
– Loosely tied.
– Precise & controlled tooth movements not
possible if teeth are spaced interproximally.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. • Cut the ends of the archwire.
• If cut flush with molar tube round of the
edges.
• Prevents ‘ratchet & pawl ‘ or ‘ trammel
effect’.
• If light forces are used
– Reactivation in next appointment without
removing the archwire.
• If heavy forces are used
– no movement or excessive movement.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. • Elastics.
– Hard to overstate the importance of elastics in
Stage I of Begg technique.
– Anterior retraction and antero-posterior
correction of molar relation
• Entirely due to elastic force.
– Posterior crossbite
• Mainly due to elastic force.
– Bite opening.
• Joint influence of archwire and elastic force.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. • Types of elastics in Stage I.
– Intermaxillary elastics – 2- 21/2 ounces / side.
• Class II
• Class III.
– Anterior elastics
• For space closure in the anterior region.
• Used only after considerable retraction.
• 1-2 ounces force exerted.
• Criss – cross elastics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. • Cross bite elastics.
– Unilaterally or bilaterally.
– Exerts 6-7 ounces vs ¼ - ½ ounce exerted by
archwire.
• Openbite elastics.
– Used in box form.
– Deferred till posterior occlusion is normal.
– Chance of root resorption.
• Elastomeric thread
– For correcting rotation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. • Time interval b/w appointments.
– Inversly proportional to the no. of new forces
introduced.
– Directly proportional to the length of time the
forces should be maintained.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Problems encountered during first
stage and their remedies.
1. Bite not opening.
• Patient not wearing elastics.
• Educate patient and the parents.
• Patient biting out bite opening bends.
• Restore bite opeing bends.
• Check eating habits.
• Lower the level of mandibular molar tubes.
• Move the anchor bends closer to the molar tubes
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. • Inadequate anchor bends.
• Anchor molars out of occlusion.
• Vertical elastics.
• Horizontal elastics.
• Loose molar band.
• Readapt and recement band.
• Improper angulation of buccal tube or entire
molar band.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. 2. Molar width narrowing.
• Vertical component of Class II elastic.
• Considerable expansion in molar region.
• Expansion auxiliary in 0.018 SS.
• Prolonged wearing of cross elastics.
• Correct crossbite by other means.- doubled back wire,
vertical elastics or finger springs.
• Distolingually rotated cuspids.
• Engage wire in cuspid bracket after derotation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. • Rotational elastic tie on the lingual from the
bicuspid to the molar.
• Extend archwire to the 2nd molar.
• Toe out bends on the distal end of the arch wire.
• Retie elastic thread from the bicuspid to the arch
wire.
• Rolling of the distal ends of the archwire.
• Place toe in or toe out bends.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. 3. Adverse tipping of anchor molars.
• No anchor bends ( if tipped mesially )
• Too much anchor bends ( if tipped distally )
• Anchor bends in place for too long.
• Place bracket on first molar and band second
molar
• Improper placement of molar tube or band.
• Loose molar band.
• Excessive elastic force.
• Improper placement of elastics on tooth.
• Oversize archwire
• Replace with 0.016 wire.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. 4. No appreciable changes.
• Not weqring elastics.
• Archwire bent out of shape.
• Oral habits that counteract forces of
appliances.
• Patient seen too soon.
5. Vertical loops buried in the gingiva.
• Looped archwire left too long.
• Replace it with plain archwire with bayonet bends.
• Misjudgment in direction of loops.
• Modify direction of loops.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. 6. Elastics which break or do not stay on.
• Excuse for not wearing elastics.
• Elastic not staying on intermaxillary circle.
• Pull elastic distally into circle.
• Open intermaxillary circle vertically.
• Distal end of archwire too short or imbedded
in the gingiva.
• Bend away the wire or make new archwire.
• Elastic hook on the molar band.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. 7. Lock pins lost.
• Occlusal – incisal forces.
• Use steel pins
• Open the bite.
• Patient picking at them.
• Patient education.
• Bend tails of pins tightly.
• Use ligature wires.
8. Extremely mobile molars.
• Clenching of teeth.
• Chew gum.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. • Intermittent wearing of elastics.
• Patient education.
• Pathology.
• Take periapical x-ray, refer to periodontist or
physician.
• Excessive force applied to the molar.
• Reduce archwire to 0.016 inch.
• Reduce elastic force.
• Reduce anchor bends.
• No apparent cause.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. 9. Lower anterior teeth tipping labially.
• Optical illusion.
• Education.
• Binding of archwire in bicuspid brackets.
• Use bypass clamps.
• Remove bicuspid band.
• Binding of ends of archwires inside buccal
tubes.
• Replace with wires of sufficient length.
• Poor diagnosis
• Reconsider the necessity for extraction of teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. 10. Anterior openbite not closing.
• Patient not wearing anterior vertical elastics.
• Patient education.
• Persistent tongue thrust or other adverse
habits.
• Patient education.
• Placement of lingually directed spurs on lower
anterior teeth.
• Speech and swallowing therapy.
• Too much anchor bend.
• Reduction of anchor bends.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. 11.Tooth not rotating.
• Not enough space.
• Check diagnosis or archwire design.
• Not enough activation in the bracket area of the
archwire.
• Elastic threads slipping over the top of the tooth.
• Lower the level of the archwire or lower the lingual
button.
12.Midline discrepancy.
• Asymmetrical tipping of anterior teeth.
• Do nothing.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. Summary.
• Opening of the bite.
– Use of 0.016 hard resilient wire.
– Adequate bite opening bend.
– Continual wearing of Class II o Class III
elastics.
• Elimination of anterior crowding.
– Looped archwire.
– Plain wire with coaxial alignment wire.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. • Close anterior spaces.
– Plain wire with latex elastic or e-chian.
• Derotation of cuspids & bicuspids.
– Derotation spring or elastic threads.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. • Correction of posterior crossbite.
– Modify archwidths of one or both archwires.
– Use of cross elastics.
– RME prior to stage
• Mesiodistal relationship of buccal segment.
– Wearing of class II or class III elastics.
– Proper anchor bends.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. CONCLUSION
• Although Begg mechanotherapy has undergone
considerable modifications and refinements,its
division into three stages and the objectives of
each stage have remained largely unchanged.
• It is imperative that the objectives of Stage 1 be
achieved before proceeding onto Stage 2 with the
prime aim of preventing anchorage loss. As a
result, one is able to do away with anchorage
preparation and head gears.
• Moreover, the over correction of most tooth
positions by the end of Stage 1, which is quite
early in the trt, helps in increasing the stability of
the results.
www.indiandentalacademy.com