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A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : 
Follow Up Since 1997 
Dr. L. K. Malhotra 
MBBS, MD, DM (Neurology) 
Consultant Neurologist 
New Delhi, India
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
BACKGROUND 
• Tertiary neurocentre : 0-2 new patients of 
MS/ yr 
• Majority patients have no insurance cover 
• Patient can consult any neurologist 
throughout India anytime
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• 22 yrs Female SM 
• On 22/7/97 H/O Acute onset ataxia 
without headache, vomiting, fever, tinnitus, 
deafness 
• No past H/O fever, immunization, rash, 
visual loss. H/O myocarditis in childhood. 
No DOE 
• O/E : Fundus normal, Gait ataxia, brisk 
jerks, extensor plantars
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• Investigations : Haemogram, Blood sugar, 
liver, renal function tests, Rheumatoid 
factor, ANF, DsantiDNA Ab, Se B12 levels, 
ECG, X - ray chest ---- normal 
• HIV and VDRL ---- negative 
• CSF : cytology : 20 cells L, Proteins : 80 
mg, sugar : 40mg, oligoclonal bands 
----negative 
• VEP : 112 ms ----- bilateral
SM 31 / 7 / 1997
SM 31 / 7 / 1997
SM 31 / 7 / 1997
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : 17 YEARS 
FOLLOW-UP 
• Treatment : I.V. -- M.P. 5 g followed by 
oral steroids for 2 weeks 
• Clinical and radiological improvement 
seen
SM 11 / 10 / 1997
SM 11 / 10 / 1997
SM 17 / 3 / 1998
SM 9 / 3 / 1999
SM 9 / 3 / 1999
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• Oct 2000 : worsening of ataxia 
• MRI brain : Fresh brain stem and supra 
tentorial lesions 
• Treatment : I.V. M.P. 5 g 
• Partial Improvement
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• Nov 2000 : started on Avonex
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• Aug 2001 : Worsening of ataxia, Tremulousness 
on standing, limb ataxia 
• MRI brain : fresh lesion in medulla 
• Treatment : I.V. M.P. 3 g, Azathioprine added. 
• Partial improvement
SM 17 / 8 / 2001
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• Sept 2002 : worsening of ataxia, 
dysarthria, gaze evoked nystagmus, limb 
and gait ataxia, brisk jerks, plantar 
extensors. 
• MRI brain : fresh brain stem lesion 
• Treatment : I.V. M.P 3 g
SM 18 / 9 / 2002
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• April 2003 : worsening of symptoms. Oral 
steroids for 3 weeks minimal improvement 
• July 2003 : worsening of symptoms. Oral 
steroids started. No improvement. 
• MRI Brain : fresh parasaggital lesion 
• MRI cervical and dorsal spine : sub acute 
to chronic plaque seen. 
• I.V. M.P. 3 g, no improvement
SM 23 / 4 / 2003
SM 25 / 7 / 2003
SM 25 / 7 / 2003
SM 25 / 7 / 2003
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• Aug 2003 : dysarthric, gaze evoked 
nystagmus, limb and gait ataxia, ankle 
clonus, brisk jerks, extensor plantars 
• Needed support to walk. 
• RRMS SPMS
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
SUMMARY 
• 22 yrs Female 
• 7 / 1997 : First attack --- I.V. M.P. 
• 10/2000 : Second attack --- I.V. M.P. 
• 11/2000 : Avonex started 
• Relapses : Aug 2001, Sep 2002, Apr 2003, 
Jul 2003 Progressive course 
• Aggressive Disease since Sep 2002
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
Treatment options : 
• Mitoxantrone 
• Cyclophosphamide 
• I.V. MethylPrednisolone monthly 
• I.V. Immunoglobulins 
• G.A. 
• Injection Rebif
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
Pulse therapy 
• I.V. cyclophosphamide with I.V. high dose steroids 
• Cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 /course 
(approx. 1500-2000 mg for average person) 
• I.V. Methylprednisolone 750 mg BD or 
Dexamethasone 150 mg BD 
• Monitor blood counts, urine, X-ray chest, ECG 
• Anti – emetics before cyclophosphamide 
• Hydration I.V. / oral
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
PULSE THERAPY 
1. 27 Oct 2003 --------- 6 weeks 
2. 08 Dec 2003 --------- 6 weeks 
3. 13 Jan 2004 --------- 6 weeks 
4. 03 Mar 2004 --------- 2 months 
5. 05 May 2004 --------- 2 months 
6. 06 Jul 2004 --------- 4 months 
7. 13 Nov 2004
A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up 
Since 1997 
• No urinary / menstrual problem. Mild 
alopecia. 
• Injection Rebif 22 microgm thrice a week 
since Nov 2004 till now. 
• And no relapse since then.
SM 10 / 2 / 2006
SM 10 / 2 / 2006
SM 10 / 2 / 2006
SM 10 / 2 / 2006
A case of multiple sclerosis final! website (2)

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A case of multiple sclerosis final! website (2)

  • 1. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 Dr. L. K. Malhotra MBBS, MD, DM (Neurology) Consultant Neurologist New Delhi, India
  • 2. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 BACKGROUND • Tertiary neurocentre : 0-2 new patients of MS/ yr • Majority patients have no insurance cover • Patient can consult any neurologist throughout India anytime
  • 3. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • 22 yrs Female SM • On 22/7/97 H/O Acute onset ataxia without headache, vomiting, fever, tinnitus, deafness • No past H/O fever, immunization, rash, visual loss. H/O myocarditis in childhood. No DOE • O/E : Fundus normal, Gait ataxia, brisk jerks, extensor plantars
  • 4. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • Investigations : Haemogram, Blood sugar, liver, renal function tests, Rheumatoid factor, ANF, DsantiDNA Ab, Se B12 levels, ECG, X - ray chest ---- normal • HIV and VDRL ---- negative • CSF : cytology : 20 cells L, Proteins : 80 mg, sugar : 40mg, oligoclonal bands ----negative • VEP : 112 ms ----- bilateral
  • 5. SM 31 / 7 / 1997
  • 6. SM 31 / 7 / 1997
  • 7. SM 31 / 7 / 1997
  • 8. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : 17 YEARS FOLLOW-UP • Treatment : I.V. -- M.P. 5 g followed by oral steroids for 2 weeks • Clinical and radiological improvement seen
  • 9. SM 11 / 10 / 1997
  • 10. SM 11 / 10 / 1997
  • 11. SM 17 / 3 / 1998
  • 12. SM 9 / 3 / 1999
  • 13. SM 9 / 3 / 1999
  • 14. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • Oct 2000 : worsening of ataxia • MRI brain : Fresh brain stem and supra tentorial lesions • Treatment : I.V. M.P. 5 g • Partial Improvement
  • 15. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • Nov 2000 : started on Avonex
  • 16. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • Aug 2001 : Worsening of ataxia, Tremulousness on standing, limb ataxia • MRI brain : fresh lesion in medulla • Treatment : I.V. M.P. 3 g, Azathioprine added. • Partial improvement
  • 17. SM 17 / 8 / 2001
  • 18. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • Sept 2002 : worsening of ataxia, dysarthria, gaze evoked nystagmus, limb and gait ataxia, brisk jerks, plantar extensors. • MRI brain : fresh brain stem lesion • Treatment : I.V. M.P 3 g
  • 19. SM 18 / 9 / 2002
  • 20. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • April 2003 : worsening of symptoms. Oral steroids for 3 weeks minimal improvement • July 2003 : worsening of symptoms. Oral steroids started. No improvement. • MRI Brain : fresh parasaggital lesion • MRI cervical and dorsal spine : sub acute to chronic plaque seen. • I.V. M.P. 3 g, no improvement
  • 21. SM 23 / 4 / 2003
  • 22. SM 25 / 7 / 2003
  • 23. SM 25 / 7 / 2003
  • 24. SM 25 / 7 / 2003
  • 25. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • Aug 2003 : dysarthric, gaze evoked nystagmus, limb and gait ataxia, ankle clonus, brisk jerks, extensor plantars • Needed support to walk. • RRMS SPMS
  • 26. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 SUMMARY • 22 yrs Female • 7 / 1997 : First attack --- I.V. M.P. • 10/2000 : Second attack --- I.V. M.P. • 11/2000 : Avonex started • Relapses : Aug 2001, Sep 2002, Apr 2003, Jul 2003 Progressive course • Aggressive Disease since Sep 2002
  • 27. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 Treatment options : • Mitoxantrone • Cyclophosphamide • I.V. MethylPrednisolone monthly • I.V. Immunoglobulins • G.A. • Injection Rebif
  • 28. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 Pulse therapy • I.V. cyclophosphamide with I.V. high dose steroids • Cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 /course (approx. 1500-2000 mg for average person) • I.V. Methylprednisolone 750 mg BD or Dexamethasone 150 mg BD • Monitor blood counts, urine, X-ray chest, ECG • Anti – emetics before cyclophosphamide • Hydration I.V. / oral
  • 29. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 PULSE THERAPY 1. 27 Oct 2003 --------- 6 weeks 2. 08 Dec 2003 --------- 6 weeks 3. 13 Jan 2004 --------- 6 weeks 4. 03 Mar 2004 --------- 2 months 5. 05 May 2004 --------- 2 months 6. 06 Jul 2004 --------- 4 months 7. 13 Nov 2004
  • 30. A CASE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : Follow Up Since 1997 • No urinary / menstrual problem. Mild alopecia. • Injection Rebif 22 microgm thrice a week since Nov 2004 till now. • And no relapse since then.
  • 31. SM 10 / 2 / 2006
  • 32. SM 10 / 2 / 2006
  • 33. SM 10 / 2 / 2006
  • 34. SM 10 / 2 / 2006