A. Can Inci
FIN 465
Innovations in Contemporary Finance
Project 8: Option Strategy Reverse Engineering
In this project you will reverse engineer an option strategy. You will determine what financial instruments to utilize in order to create the option strategy.
The client informs you that he wants to buy a stock which costs $10 per share right now. He would like a portfolio payoff diagram as seen below. You are asked to combine this stock, call options (purchase or write), put options (purchase or write) and create the portfolio payoff diagram below (the absolute values of all the slopes are 1 in the diagram):
Strategy Payoff Diagram
0
20 30 40 60 70 80 100 S
Specifically, you can use
1. The stock (cost of the stock: $10)
2. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $20 (cost of call: $15, put: $2)
3. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $30 (cost of call: $10, put: $3)
4. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $40 (cost of call: $5, put: $4)
5. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $60 (cost of call: $4, put: $5)
6. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $70 (cost of call: $3, put: $10)
7. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $80 (cost of call: $2, put: $12)
8. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $100 (cost of call: $1, put: $15)
Answer the following questions in your report:
1. How do you obtain the payoff diagram above? In other words, what portfolio combination leads to the payoff diagram below?
2. What is the cost of this portfolio?
3. Using Excel, create the payoff diagram of this option strategy using the stock prices on the x-axis and calculating the total payoff at those stock prices (Create the graph by using those stock prices in the first column, and the payoffs in the next column. Use Scatter Plot –> Scatter with Straight lines).
Political scientist Harold Lasswell defined politics as who gets what, when and how. Policy, both domestic and foreign, is made to balance a nation's political, economic and security interests with its political culture and values.
For the forum this week, students will read opposing views on three different public policy topics: Affirmative Action, national health care, and the use of "enhanced interrogation." Choose one topic to develop your response for this forum. Be sure to read all three so you can engage in the discussion with your classmates on all topics. Don't forget the lesson notes as supporting documents.
Once you have chosen your topic for the response post, evaluate the following question in relation to the American policy making process:
For Affirmative Action: How does Affirmative Action affect racial equality?
For national health care: How would national health insurance affect health care in America?
For "enhanced interrogation": Is it a v.
Report #3 Changing Public Opinion Before beginning this MoseStaton39
Report #3: Changing Public Opinion
Before beginning this assignment, make certain that you have read Chapter 6 in your text (“Public Opinion
and Political Action”), the 2021 Pew Research Center Report titled “Americans See Broad Responsibilities for
Government; Little Change Since 2019” (March 17), and the 2020 article by Eli Finkel et al. from Science titled,
“Political Sectarianism in America” (October, Vol. 370, Issue 6516). Then write a brief report that contains
three separate sections that address all the points in each set of questions. Notice the expected word count
for each section (exceeding the word count will not negatively affect your grade, but please try to stay within
the range).
1. Relying on the Pew Research Center Report, briefly summarize what Americans think about the role
of the federal government in addressing various policy issues (indicate specific areas and indicate
where support is strongest and where it is weakest). Also, describe general levels of trust of and
contentment with the federal government and indicate what changes can be detected over time.
(approximately 150-200 words)
2. How do attitudes about federal government responsibilities differ by age, race, income, and
partisanship (Democrats and Republicans)? Be sure to indicate where the differences are the least and
where they are the greatest on each of these dimensions (age, race, income, and partisanship).
(approximately 150-200 words)
3. Based on your reading of “Political Sectarianism in America,” (a) summarize the article’s major
findings, (b) list and describe the three causes identified for the increase in political sectarianism, and
(c) identify and elaborate on a few of the consequences of this trend. (approximately 150-200 words)
Be careful not to plagiarize. If you want to quote directly, do so using quotation marks (giving the page number
if available). But try to do this sparingly and simply use your own words in addressing the questions.
In your writing, use an analytical tone that is free of your personal opinions. In other words, try to answer the
questions in a straightforward and objective manner.
When you are done, save the document as a Word file or as an Adobe PDF file (it cannot be Google docs, etc.)
and upload it through Moodle (these parts are very important!). Papers not uploaded by the deadline will receive
a grade penalty.
WARNING: This is an individual assignment and you are to do your own work. Use of another person’s
words without proper citation or copying from another student’s paper is considered plagiarism. All papers are
checked and retained in a plagiarism software program to identify cheating. Any suspicion of plagiarism or
other violations of the university’s academic conduct policies are turned over to the Dean of Students.
Links to the articles:
Pew Report: "Americans See Broad Responsibilities for Government"
Science: "Political Sectarianism in America"
...
Some key financial ratios that analysts often use to evaluate a company's financial condition include:
- Debt-to-equity ratio: Measures a company's financial leverage, the amount of debt used to finance its assets. A high ratio may indicate more risk.
- Current ratio: Measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations with its current assets. A ratio under 1 suggests the company may struggle to meet obligations.
- Return on equity: Measures how efficiently a company generates profits from its shareholders' equity. A high ratio is favorable as it indicates more efficient use of shareholder funds.
- Profit margin: Measures what percentage of revenue is left over as profit after all costs and expenses.
.Prepare Prior to completing this discussion question, review.docxboadverna
.
Prepare:
Prior to completing this discussion question, review Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in
American Government
(see attached file on chapters)
Also read the following articles:
How Voter ID Laws Are Being Used to Disenfranchise Minorities and the Poor
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
,
Fraught with Fraud
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
, and
Proof at the Polls
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Reflect:
The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. One study ranks the U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, & Sullivan, 2002). During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, yet concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities. Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud. Think about the media’s role in the election process and how both mass media and social media can impact the election process.
Write:
In your initial post,
summarize recent developments in several states enacting voter ID laws.
Analyze and describe the pros and cons on
both sides
of the debate about these laws. Is voter fraud a major problem for our democracy or are some groups trying to make it harder for some segments of society to vote? What impact has the media (mass and social) had in influencing public opinion regarding voter ID laws? Draw your own conclusion about the debate over voter ID laws and justify your conclusions with facts and persuasive reasoning.
Fully respond to all parts of the prompt and write your response in your own words. Your initial post must be at least 300 words. Support your position with at least two of the assigned resources required for this discussion, and/or peer reviewed scholarly sources
Support your position with APA citations from two or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion
(see attached file for resources).
Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.
...
The document provides instructions for creating an account on HelpWriting.net in order to request writing assistance. It outlines a 4 step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. The site uses a bidding system and promises original, high-quality work or a full refund.
Did voters accept a law without proper hypocritical of a.docxstirlingvwriters
- The document discusses whether voters properly consented to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) given misleading information provided about the law.
- It argues politicians had asymmetrical incentives to keep voters misinformed in order to encourage political activity and pass the law, rather than ensuring correct understanding.
- While the ACA aimed to achieve social goals of expanding access to healthcare, how it was passed relied on what voters didn't truly know about its implications, raising questions about the legitimacy of consent.
The purpose of this exercise is to use economic theory to analyze .docxhelen23456789
The purpose of this exercise is to use economic theory to analyze some collective decision making outcome or public policy.
You can examine either the effects of this policy on the allocation of society’s resources, or you can study how or why the policy came to be adopted in the first place.
The collective decision making entity that is the focus of your analysis can be an electorate, a legislature (federal, state, local), a bureaucracy or executive agency, a court, an “informal” government (mafia, gang, warlord), a club, a committee or board, or even a supranational organization (UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO).
Alternatively, instead of studying a particular policy or decision, you can investigate the set of rules (constitution) or institutions (formal or informal) which regulate the decision making process.
In this case, you can explain either the origin of the rules or how the rules affect the ultimate decisions made.
The paper must be an original piece of work.
Plagiarism (e.g., copying-and-pasting from a web site without acknowledgement of the source) will result in a grade of zero being assigned to the paper.
The paper must be 8.5 to 10 pages in length, typed and double-spaced in 12-point font with normal one-inch margins.
All sources used in the paper must be listed alphabetically by author in a “List of References” appearing at the end of the paper.
Do not
list items that are
not
cited in the paper.
Use a consistent style of footnotes, endnotes or textual references to cite sources.
Below I have suggested some possible topics for your paper, together with some information sources on each.
These topics are merely for illustrative purpose.
While you are certainly free to pick one of these topics if you wish (and to use some of the literature listed), it is my hope that many of the students in the class will come up with topics of their own based on their own interests.
If you do pick your own topic, it is advisable to mention it to me in order to ensure that it is appropriate.
But you should not limit yourself: almost any conceivable issue that interests you can probably be developed into a suitable paper.
You must use
at least three
sources of information in your paper.
These sources must be
scholarly contributions
similar to those listed below.
A scholarly contribution is an article in a professional academic journal (e.g.,
American Economic Review
,
Public Choice
,
Cato Journal
), a scholarly monograph (a book that is not a textbook), a chapter in an edited volume of collected works, or an unpublished working paper (these are often distributed as part of a working paper series, such as that of the National Bureau of Economic Research,
www.nber.org/papers/
)
.
These articles and books need not necessarily be written by economists: they could be from closely related fields such as law, political science or other social sciences.
You can search for academic literature on your topic by doing subj.
The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern demo.docxwsusan1
The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. One study ranks the U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, & Sullivan, 2002). While during the last decade many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities.
Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud.
Before writing your initial post, review the
assigned resources
.
To easily access the resources from the Ashford University Library, please see the table located in the Course Materials section.
In your initial post of at least 200-250 words, summarize recent developments in several states enacting voter ID laws. Explain the pros and cons on both sides of the debate about these laws. Share your own experience with the relative difficulty or ease of voting in your locale. Draw your own conclusion about the debate over voter ID laws. Finally, share your perspective about whether voting in the U.S. should be made easier or harder. Justify your conclusions with facts and persuasive reasoning.
Fully respond to all parts of the question. Write in your own words. Support your position with APA citations to
two
or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion. Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.
Reference:
Pintor, R., Gratschew, M., & Sullivan, K. (2002). Voter turnout rates from a comparative perspective. In R. Pintor & M. Gratschew (Eds.),
Voter turnout since 1945: A global report
. Stockholm, Sweden: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved from http://www.idea.int/publications/vt/upload/Voter%20turnout.pdf
.
Student Name:
CATEGORY AND CRITERIA
(A+)
15
(A)
14
(B+)
13
(B-)
12
(C)
11
(D+)
10
(D-)
9
(F)
8
Introduction
Paper begins in a meaningful way and not with the beginning of human history. Introduction includes
consideration of the background circumstances of your invention.
Thesis Statement
A sophisticated thesis statement is present, which goes beyond a simplistic good or bad judgment on the
invention.
Interpretation and Analysis
There should be no filler statements. Make sure to acknowledge the implications of your invention.
Use of Evidence
Use concrete examples that are taken directly from your sources. Do not speak in generalities or
abstraction. Tie your writing to the specific and to details.
Research Sources
A minimum of 5 textual sources (3 academic, 2 popular) need to be present in the paper. Sources need
to be relevant, interpreted accurately, and successfully incorporated throughout the essay.
Organization and Paragraph Development
Essay is logically organized. Transitions smoothly connect each idea from one paragraph to the next.
MLA Format and Citations
1" margin, correct heading, essay text is double-spaced in 12pt. Times New Roman font. Paper is a
minimum of 5 full pages. Essay is given an engaging title beyond "Essay #3" Specific examples are
properly cited parenthetically with page number reference and in the Works Cited page.
Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
Use of correct grammatical conventions and punctuation. Lack of spelling errors.
Style and Tone
Style, tone, and word choice are appropriate to audience specifications. Lack of clichés, personal
pronouns, contractions, slang, and abbreviations. Varied sentence structure.
Conclusion
Presents a coherent conclusion that successfully draws essay to an end without being repetitive.
TOTAL FINAL GRADE:
POINTS EARNED
Grade Rubric: Essay #3: Invention Research Paper
Binxin Li
week2
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
For those three videos, the most interesting thing for me is the rapid growth online marketplace all over the world. As the TED speaker said, the online marketplace has two sides: the bright side and the dark side. It is true, now some small local stories may even face a worse situation than some economic recession period. For my own story, when I was in China last winter, I almost never go out of my house. If I lack some daily items, I could just order those things online and pick them up in front of my house very soon. The APP named"MeiTuan". Sometimes it surely hurt part of the local economy. However, with the expansion of the service, more and more local stories also are included in their services list. I think this is just the speaker talked about, all the participators within the purchasing action would benefit: for me, I could easily get the item I need; for MeiTuan, they could get the services fee; for local stories, they may get more potential opportunity to gain profit; and finally, more people ma.
Report #3 Changing Public Opinion Before beginning this MoseStaton39
Report #3: Changing Public Opinion
Before beginning this assignment, make certain that you have read Chapter 6 in your text (“Public Opinion
and Political Action”), the 2021 Pew Research Center Report titled “Americans See Broad Responsibilities for
Government; Little Change Since 2019” (March 17), and the 2020 article by Eli Finkel et al. from Science titled,
“Political Sectarianism in America” (October, Vol. 370, Issue 6516). Then write a brief report that contains
three separate sections that address all the points in each set of questions. Notice the expected word count
for each section (exceeding the word count will not negatively affect your grade, but please try to stay within
the range).
1. Relying on the Pew Research Center Report, briefly summarize what Americans think about the role
of the federal government in addressing various policy issues (indicate specific areas and indicate
where support is strongest and where it is weakest). Also, describe general levels of trust of and
contentment with the federal government and indicate what changes can be detected over time.
(approximately 150-200 words)
2. How do attitudes about federal government responsibilities differ by age, race, income, and
partisanship (Democrats and Republicans)? Be sure to indicate where the differences are the least and
where they are the greatest on each of these dimensions (age, race, income, and partisanship).
(approximately 150-200 words)
3. Based on your reading of “Political Sectarianism in America,” (a) summarize the article’s major
findings, (b) list and describe the three causes identified for the increase in political sectarianism, and
(c) identify and elaborate on a few of the consequences of this trend. (approximately 150-200 words)
Be careful not to plagiarize. If you want to quote directly, do so using quotation marks (giving the page number
if available). But try to do this sparingly and simply use your own words in addressing the questions.
In your writing, use an analytical tone that is free of your personal opinions. In other words, try to answer the
questions in a straightforward and objective manner.
When you are done, save the document as a Word file or as an Adobe PDF file (it cannot be Google docs, etc.)
and upload it through Moodle (these parts are very important!). Papers not uploaded by the deadline will receive
a grade penalty.
WARNING: This is an individual assignment and you are to do your own work. Use of another person’s
words without proper citation or copying from another student’s paper is considered plagiarism. All papers are
checked and retained in a plagiarism software program to identify cheating. Any suspicion of plagiarism or
other violations of the university’s academic conduct policies are turned over to the Dean of Students.
Links to the articles:
Pew Report: "Americans See Broad Responsibilities for Government"
Science: "Political Sectarianism in America"
...
Some key financial ratios that analysts often use to evaluate a company's financial condition include:
- Debt-to-equity ratio: Measures a company's financial leverage, the amount of debt used to finance its assets. A high ratio may indicate more risk.
- Current ratio: Measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations with its current assets. A ratio under 1 suggests the company may struggle to meet obligations.
- Return on equity: Measures how efficiently a company generates profits from its shareholders' equity. A high ratio is favorable as it indicates more efficient use of shareholder funds.
- Profit margin: Measures what percentage of revenue is left over as profit after all costs and expenses.
.Prepare Prior to completing this discussion question, review.docxboadverna
.
Prepare:
Prior to completing this discussion question, review Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in
American Government
(see attached file on chapters)
Also read the following articles:
How Voter ID Laws Are Being Used to Disenfranchise Minorities and the Poor
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
,
Fraught with Fraud
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
, and
Proof at the Polls
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Reflect:
The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. One study ranks the U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, & Sullivan, 2002). During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, yet concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities. Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud. Think about the media’s role in the election process and how both mass media and social media can impact the election process.
Write:
In your initial post,
summarize recent developments in several states enacting voter ID laws.
Analyze and describe the pros and cons on
both sides
of the debate about these laws. Is voter fraud a major problem for our democracy or are some groups trying to make it harder for some segments of society to vote? What impact has the media (mass and social) had in influencing public opinion regarding voter ID laws? Draw your own conclusion about the debate over voter ID laws and justify your conclusions with facts and persuasive reasoning.
Fully respond to all parts of the prompt and write your response in your own words. Your initial post must be at least 300 words. Support your position with at least two of the assigned resources required for this discussion, and/or peer reviewed scholarly sources
Support your position with APA citations from two or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion
(see attached file for resources).
Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.
...
The document provides instructions for creating an account on HelpWriting.net in order to request writing assistance. It outlines a 4 step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. The site uses a bidding system and promises original, high-quality work or a full refund.
Did voters accept a law without proper hypocritical of a.docxstirlingvwriters
- The document discusses whether voters properly consented to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) given misleading information provided about the law.
- It argues politicians had asymmetrical incentives to keep voters misinformed in order to encourage political activity and pass the law, rather than ensuring correct understanding.
- While the ACA aimed to achieve social goals of expanding access to healthcare, how it was passed relied on what voters didn't truly know about its implications, raising questions about the legitimacy of consent.
The purpose of this exercise is to use economic theory to analyze .docxhelen23456789
The purpose of this exercise is to use economic theory to analyze some collective decision making outcome or public policy.
You can examine either the effects of this policy on the allocation of society’s resources, or you can study how or why the policy came to be adopted in the first place.
The collective decision making entity that is the focus of your analysis can be an electorate, a legislature (federal, state, local), a bureaucracy or executive agency, a court, an “informal” government (mafia, gang, warlord), a club, a committee or board, or even a supranational organization (UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO).
Alternatively, instead of studying a particular policy or decision, you can investigate the set of rules (constitution) or institutions (formal or informal) which regulate the decision making process.
In this case, you can explain either the origin of the rules or how the rules affect the ultimate decisions made.
The paper must be an original piece of work.
Plagiarism (e.g., copying-and-pasting from a web site without acknowledgement of the source) will result in a grade of zero being assigned to the paper.
The paper must be 8.5 to 10 pages in length, typed and double-spaced in 12-point font with normal one-inch margins.
All sources used in the paper must be listed alphabetically by author in a “List of References” appearing at the end of the paper.
Do not
list items that are
not
cited in the paper.
Use a consistent style of footnotes, endnotes or textual references to cite sources.
Below I have suggested some possible topics for your paper, together with some information sources on each.
These topics are merely for illustrative purpose.
While you are certainly free to pick one of these topics if you wish (and to use some of the literature listed), it is my hope that many of the students in the class will come up with topics of their own based on their own interests.
If you do pick your own topic, it is advisable to mention it to me in order to ensure that it is appropriate.
But you should not limit yourself: almost any conceivable issue that interests you can probably be developed into a suitable paper.
You must use
at least three
sources of information in your paper.
These sources must be
scholarly contributions
similar to those listed below.
A scholarly contribution is an article in a professional academic journal (e.g.,
American Economic Review
,
Public Choice
,
Cato Journal
), a scholarly monograph (a book that is not a textbook), a chapter in an edited volume of collected works, or an unpublished working paper (these are often distributed as part of a working paper series, such as that of the National Bureau of Economic Research,
www.nber.org/papers/
)
.
These articles and books need not necessarily be written by economists: they could be from closely related fields such as law, political science or other social sciences.
You can search for academic literature on your topic by doing subj.
The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern demo.docxwsusan1
The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. One study ranks the U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, & Sullivan, 2002). While during the last decade many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities.
Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud.
Before writing your initial post, review the
assigned resources
.
To easily access the resources from the Ashford University Library, please see the table located in the Course Materials section.
In your initial post of at least 200-250 words, summarize recent developments in several states enacting voter ID laws. Explain the pros and cons on both sides of the debate about these laws. Share your own experience with the relative difficulty or ease of voting in your locale. Draw your own conclusion about the debate over voter ID laws. Finally, share your perspective about whether voting in the U.S. should be made easier or harder. Justify your conclusions with facts and persuasive reasoning.
Fully respond to all parts of the question. Write in your own words. Support your position with APA citations to
two
or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion. Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.
Reference:
Pintor, R., Gratschew, M., & Sullivan, K. (2002). Voter turnout rates from a comparative perspective. In R. Pintor & M. Gratschew (Eds.),
Voter turnout since 1945: A global report
. Stockholm, Sweden: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved from http://www.idea.int/publications/vt/upload/Voter%20turnout.pdf
.
Student Name:
CATEGORY AND CRITERIA
(A+)
15
(A)
14
(B+)
13
(B-)
12
(C)
11
(D+)
10
(D-)
9
(F)
8
Introduction
Paper begins in a meaningful way and not with the beginning of human history. Introduction includes
consideration of the background circumstances of your invention.
Thesis Statement
A sophisticated thesis statement is present, which goes beyond a simplistic good or bad judgment on the
invention.
Interpretation and Analysis
There should be no filler statements. Make sure to acknowledge the implications of your invention.
Use of Evidence
Use concrete examples that are taken directly from your sources. Do not speak in generalities or
abstraction. Tie your writing to the specific and to details.
Research Sources
A minimum of 5 textual sources (3 academic, 2 popular) need to be present in the paper. Sources need
to be relevant, interpreted accurately, and successfully incorporated throughout the essay.
Organization and Paragraph Development
Essay is logically organized. Transitions smoothly connect each idea from one paragraph to the next.
MLA Format and Citations
1" margin, correct heading, essay text is double-spaced in 12pt. Times New Roman font. Paper is a
minimum of 5 full pages. Essay is given an engaging title beyond "Essay #3" Specific examples are
properly cited parenthetically with page number reference and in the Works Cited page.
Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
Use of correct grammatical conventions and punctuation. Lack of spelling errors.
Style and Tone
Style, tone, and word choice are appropriate to audience specifications. Lack of clichés, personal
pronouns, contractions, slang, and abbreviations. Varied sentence structure.
Conclusion
Presents a coherent conclusion that successfully draws essay to an end without being repetitive.
TOTAL FINAL GRADE:
POINTS EARNED
Grade Rubric: Essay #3: Invention Research Paper
Binxin Li
week2
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
For those three videos, the most interesting thing for me is the rapid growth online marketplace all over the world. As the TED speaker said, the online marketplace has two sides: the bright side and the dark side. It is true, now some small local stories may even face a worse situation than some economic recession period. For my own story, when I was in China last winter, I almost never go out of my house. If I lack some daily items, I could just order those things online and pick them up in front of my house very soon. The APP named"MeiTuan". Sometimes it surely hurt part of the local economy. However, with the expansion of the service, more and more local stories also are included in their services list. I think this is just the speaker talked about, all the participators within the purchasing action would benefit: for me, I could easily get the item I need; for MeiTuan, they could get the services fee; for local stories, they may get more potential opportunity to gain profit; and finally, more people ma.
This document analyzes lobbying in the United States. It discusses how lobbying is defined differently by pro-business stakeholders who see it as a way to advance business versus citizen groups who see it as undue corporate influence. It also examines actions that have been taken to regulate lobbying, such as the McCain-Feingold Act, and potential future actions like the American Anti-Corruption Act that aims to restrict lobbyist influence and increase transparency. Public opinion on lobbying is mixed, with many seeing corporations as having too much influence but others valuing free speech rights. There remains little agreement on how to balance these perspectives.
American Healthcare IssuesTierra Fussman-Henry.docxdaniahendric
American Healthcare Issues
Tierra Fussman-Henry
American Military University
American Healthcare Issues
Lack of Insurance is depriving citizens with their Healthcare Rights
The American healthcare system has been the talk for quite some time ever since the recession took place. Healthcare is something that should not be dependent upon the economy of the country because getting sick or unwell is not in anyone's hand. Every human whether rich or poor is bound to get sick and then, healthcare facilities should be there to treat them equally. Healthcare facilities should be equal for everyone but unfortunately, this is not happening in the system of American healthcare.
Some glaring issues need to solve on an urgent basis in the American healthcare system but the one which is being pointed out more than others is affordable insurance. Due to the expensive cost nature of health insurance, millions of people tend to avoid it. and in return, they deprived themselves of the healthcare that is rightfully theirs. “The cost of health insurance and health care is rising at a pace faster than wages and inflation.” (unknown, 2020). Due to the increasing rate of insurance, the system of healthcare is dying slowly and it is high time for the authorities to look into this matter.
For the matters sake, two simple solutions are designed to overcome the expensive insurance policies.
Solution
no.01 would be that the system of healthcare and health insurance must be handled by the state because it is their responsibility that they should provide affordable healthcare and affordable is not in the card then, insurance must be there. It falls within the responsibilities of state, federal and local governments to think over it and launch innovative programs. “An important reason is the US system of private health insurance. As discussed earlier, other Western nations have national systems of health care and health insurance.” (unknown, n.d.).
Without the state's support and consideration, the cost of healthcare is reaching the sky and whenever someone has tried to work over it, the system has been harsh to them. Every new government says that they will be working on the healthcare system and making it more affordable and within everyone's reach but nothing has ever happened. In an interview, PwC was recorded saying that states are developing different strategical plans to counteract the healthcare situations. "States will be taking more direct action to secure their insurance markets in 2019, even as the methods for doing so become more variate, creating challenges for regulatory compliance," PwC said.” (Siwicki, 2019). But it has been proved through time again and again that leaders don’t come with new schemes or if they do come up, then they are not as supportive as they ought to be.
Another solution would be the development of such a system where either healthcare cost is affordable or insurances are affordable. Like the plan that ex-President Obama l ...
American Healthcare IssuesTierra Fussman-Henry.docxgreg1eden90113
This document summarizes an essay discussing whether Abraham Lincoln deserves to be called "The Great Emancipator" and if he truly believed that "all men are created equal." It presents evidence from eight historical documents related to Lincoln and emancipation. The documents include writings by Lincoln expressing conflicting views on slavery and racial equality. They also include the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery. The essay examines these documents to assess Lincoln's beliefs and whether his actions merit the title of emancipator.
Student Name CATEGORY AND CRITERIA(A+)15(A).docxdeanmtaylor1545
Student Name:
CATEGORY AND CRITERIA
(A+)
15
(A)
14
(B+)
13
(B-)
12
(C)
11
(D+)
10
(D-)
9
(F)
8
Introduction
Paper begins in a meaningful way and not with the beginning of human history. Introduction includes
consideration of the background circumstances of your invention.
Thesis Statement
A sophisticated thesis statement is present, which goes beyond a simplistic good or bad judgment on the
invention.
Interpretation and Analysis
There should be no filler statements. Make sure to acknowledge the implications of your invention.
Use of Evidence
Use concrete examples that are taken directly from your sources. Do not speak in generalities or
abstraction. Tie your writing to the specific and to details.
Research Sources
A minimum of 5 textual sources (3 academic, 2 popular) need to be present in the paper. Sources need
to be relevant, interpreted accurately, and successfully incorporated throughout the essay.
Organization and Paragraph Development
Essay is logically organized. Transitions smoothly connect each idea from one paragraph to the next.
MLA Format and Citations
1" margin, correct heading, essay text is double-spaced in 12pt. Times New Roman font. Paper is a
minimum of 5 full pages. Essay is given an engaging title beyond "Essay #3" Specific examples are
properly cited parenthetically with page number reference and in the Works Cited page.
Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
Use of correct grammatical conventions and punctuation. Lack of spelling errors.
Style and Tone
Style, tone, and word choice are appropriate to audience specifications. Lack of clichés, personal
pronouns, contractions, slang, and abbreviations. Varied sentence structure.
Conclusion
Presents a coherent conclusion that successfully draws essay to an end without being repetitive.
TOTAL FINAL GRADE:
POINTS EARNED
Grade Rubric: Essay #3: Invention Research Paper
You can use the student post as example
Student 1. I will update the file for student 2
Anishka Gupta
Week 2
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
The internet is changing the way we work, socialize, create and share information, do shopping, organize the flow of people, ideas, and things around the globe. Every innovation has some good and some bad impact on the country’s economy that might affect or increase the revenue of small or big businesses. According to the general online shopping statistics, online shopping is growing so fast that the global online shopping market size is predicted to hit 4 trillion in 2020. In the USA alone, it is expected to have 300 million online shoppers by 2023 which are 91% of the country’s population. 69% of Americans shopped online whereas 25% of Americans shop online at least once per month. All these purchases are not being made in a store which means these have a significant impact on the local economy. Online purchases directly impact the local economy as it reduces the amount of sales tax the state was supposed to col.
Survey Questionnaire Sample Paper Survey MCarla Jardine
The document discusses application virtualization for a virtual machine monitor, noting that virtualization uses abstraction to allow guest operating systems and applications to utilize underlying shared hardware through a virtual machine monitor. It states that virtualization branches into different areas like server, application, network, storage, and desktop virtualization, showing rapid growth. The virtual machine monitor software layer presents security challenges that must be addressed to protect resources and data within virtualized systems from potential attacks through this additional layer of technology.
QUESTION 11. With regard to President George W. Bushs national-.docxIRESH3
QUESTION 1
1. With regard to President George W. Bush's national-security strategy, Howard Zinn agrees that this strategy does all of the following except
A.
violate the principles laid out at Nuremberg.
B.
repudiate the UN charter.
C.
dramatically depart from the historical practice of the United States.
D.
shock many Americans.
10 points
QUESTION 2
1. In a debate between Jeff Madrick and Jim DeMint, the former would contend that regulations often make economies work better. For instance, they can make product/service information more open; they can reduce corruption, monopolistic pricing, and anti-competitive policies regarding research, innovation, and new products; they can temper financial speculation, which distorts the flow of capital toward inefficient uses and can often lead to costly corrections and serious recessions, as occurred yet again in 2008. Formulate a two paragraph response you think DeMint might give.
Path: p
Words:0
10 points
QUESTION 3
1. Mark Green, who believes that America should adopt public financing of political campaigns, insists that candidates who accept public funds should be required to
debate.
purchase predetermined chunks of airtime.
provide precise accounting of all soft monies.
publish a voters' guide.
10 points
QUESTION 4
1. "Soft money" is money that is
donated anonymously.
contributed with the understanding of quid pro quo.
contributed to individuals.
contributed to political parties.
10 points
QUESTION 5
1. Imagine that you are writing a reform bill for election campaigns. What three items would you include, and why? If you do not believe that a bill is necessary, explain your position with three reasons that support your views. Essay should be no less than two paragraphs.
Path: p
Words:0
10 points
QUESTION 6
1. According to Ezra Klein, the filibuster was
an invention of the Founding Fathers.
the brainchild of Speaker of the House Henry Filibuster in 1802.
a nineteenth-century Senate rule-book accident.
known as the “gerrymander” until the twentieth century.
10 points
QUESTION 7
1. A major factor in the U.S. public’s lack of confidence in Congress, Lee Hamilton maintains, can be attributed to
the frequent foreign trips taken by members.
a seemingly endless series of campaigns.
the fact that few people investigate candidates’ positions before voting.
the perception of Congress being paralyzed by internal bickering.
10 points
QUESTION 8
1. Assuming the position of either George Caram Steeh or Henry Hudson, formulate two paragraphs on the constitutionality of government mandated health care that you think would be the most persuasive message to share with others.
...
History 3100 AAAS 2800 Modern American Civil Rights Movemen.docxpooleavelina
History 3100 / AAAS 2800: Modern American Civil Rights Movements
Fall 2019
Dr. Mitch Kachun
Final take-home essay exam
Your paper must be uploaded to the e-learning final exam dropbox no later than 5:00pm
on Wednesday, December 11, 2019.
For your final examination in this course, you will write a 5-7 page paper (about 1,500 to
2,000 words) responding to the following three-part assignment.
Consider all the materials we have read, viewed, and discussed this semester regarding the
African American freedom struggle from the 1890s to the early 2000s, including the different
approaches, organizations, movements, strategies, tactics, or individual actions that have been
used over the course of the 20th century and into the 21st.
Part 1 (approximately 2-3 pages):
1. Discuss the extent to which there has been progress in African Americans’ pursuit of the
full and equal citizenship rights that were supposedly guaranteed by the 13th, 14th, and
15th Amendments to the US Constitution.
2. Discuss several of the leaders, organizations, movements, or approaches to civil rights
activism that you think were most important or effective in achieving that progress, and
explain why you think that is the case.
3. While explaining clearly why you think particular individuals or approaches were
important or effective, make sure you refer to specific details and examples from the
readings, films, lectures, and discussions.
Part 2 (approximately 2-3 pages):
1. Discuss the areas in which you believe African Americans’ pursuit of full and equal
citizenship rights have been frustrated and remain unfulfilled. In other words, what do
you think have been the most significant areas in which African Americans are still not
treated as full and equal citizens?
2. Clearly explain the reasons why you believe justice has not been achieved in these areas.
(Or, if you believe African Americans are now treated as full and equal citizens, support
that position by showing why the readings and other course materials failed to convince
you otherwise.)
3. Again, make sure you refer to specific details and examples from the readings, films,
lectures, and discussions to support your position.
Part 3 (approximately 1-2 pages):
Discuss what you believe is the most significant civil rights or human rights issue in
American society today, and discuss what you see as an appropriate way to pursue justice
in that cause. This can relate to African Americans’ continuing freedom struggle or it
could relate to some other group in American society that is struggling for full and equal
rights (#BlackLivesMatter; #MeToo; LGBTQ issues; immigration policies; etc.). You
should consider whether any of the approaches, organizations, movements, strategies,
tactics, or individual actions you discussed in Part 1 might apply to the current struggle
you identify. Are there any rights organizations working today on the issues you
...
Prepare Prior to completing this discussion question, review Chap.docxshpopkinkz
Prepare: Prior to completing this discussion question, review Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in American Government and review Week Five Instructor Guidance. Also read the following articles: How Voter ID Laws Are Being Used to Disenfranchise Minorities and the Poor, Fraught with Fraud, and Proof at the Polls.
Reflect Icon
Reflect: The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. One study ranks the U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, & Sullivan, 2002). During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, yet concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities. Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud. Think about the media’s role in the election process and how both mass media and social media can impact the election process.
Write Icon
Write: In your initial post, summarize recent developments in several states enacting voter ID laws. Analyze and describe the pros and cons on both sides of the debate about these laws. Is voter fraud a major problem for our democracy or are some groups trying to make it harder for some segments of society to vote? What impact has the media (mass and social) had in influencing public opinion regarding voter ID laws? Draw your own conclusion about the debate over voter ID laws and justify your conclusions with facts and persuasive reasoning.
Fully respond to all parts of the prompt and write your response in your own words. Your initial post must be at least 300 words. Support your position with at least two of the assigned resources required for this discussion, and/or peer reviewed scholarly sources obtained through the AU Library databases. Include APA in-text citations in the body of your post and full citations on the references list at the end. Support your position with APA citations from two or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion. Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.
.
Essay About Abortion Should Be Legal. Legalization of Abortion Free Essay Sa...afjzdtooeofvaa
Legalization of Abortion Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Abortion should be illegal - GCSE Religious Studies Philosophy .... 5 facts about the abortion debate in America Pew Research Center. Florida Abortion Laws: Abortion Care And Your Legal Rights.. Abortion Should Not Be Made Illegal - GCSE Religious Studies .... Strict Abortion Law Forced Woman to Give Birth to Baby Without a Brain .... I had an abortion. Why is none of your business. - The Washington Post. Trump pushes anti-abortion agenda to build culture that cherishes innocent life. Abortion is needed for financial, moral reasons. Want to reduce abortion rates? Give parents money. - The Washington Post. Missouri latest state to move to restrict abortion laws. Questions surface as states pass abortion laws. Group launches site to help women self-induce abortions at home, citing .... With Abortion in Spotlight, States Seek to Pass New Laws - The New York .... Abortion laws: How different states use heartbeat bills, Roe v. Wade. Abortion rate at lowest level since 1973. 635711897809053841-AP-Abortion-Restrictions.jpg?width2382amp;height1346 .... Abortion Essay - GCSE Religious Studies Philosophy amp; Ethics - Marked .... High Court Rules Abortions Legal the First 3 Months. Online Essay Help amazonia.fiocruz.br. Essay Writer for All Kinds of Paper
The document provides information about a laboratory manual for independent biology study called LabPaq. It discusses safety concerns when handling laboratory equipment and materials, as they can be dangerous if mishandled. The document emphasizes storing LabPaq boxes safely out of reach of children and pets due to risks of injury from small items or toxic chemicals. Contact information is provided for emergencies involving accidental consumption or exposure to hazardous substances.
Bitcoin a coinMain topic Introduce the concept of bitcoin Wh.docxAASTHA76
Bitcoin: a coin?
Main topic: Introduce the concept of bitcoin: What is bitcoin? How are bitcoins created? What can people use it for? What are the potential problems about bitcoin?
Thesis statement: This research will introduce basic information about bitcoin to audiences. After reading this research paper, readers will be able to know the definition, the production process, the function and the possible future development about bitcoin. This research will also provide readers with useful information and facts about the bitcoin to help them make their own understanding and judgments.
I. Introduction:
a. Different opinions about bitcoins:
Some people think that the bitcoin is new currency while bitcoin miners believe that bitcoin is a profitable investment.
b. People need accurate information about bitcoins:
Due to the lack of the information about bitcoins, people may have misconceptions about them and cause possible false use of bitcoins in the future, so it is worthwhile to educate people about bitcoins
II. Definition:
What is bitcoin?
Bitcoin is an untraceable digital currency, and it charges relatively low transaction fees while trading with others.
III. How are bitcoins created?
The way to create bitcoin is to program the complex algorithm, and the final qualified outcome will receive bitcoins as the reward. ( sources)
IV. What can people use it for?
People are able to use bitcoins as a digital currency to make payments online. In addition, bitcoin has become a new investment because its value increases significantly over time.
V. Current issues about bitcoin
a. Does the process of producing bitcoins consume significant energy?
Producing bitcoins will consume tremendous electricity and require many advanced electronic devices. (examples)
b. Is the usage of bitcoins legal?
Since everyone has the ability to create bitcoins, bitcoin is hard to trace. Some people are using bitcoins in black market for illegal proposes.(examples)
c. What is the value of bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a digital currency which people have not set up a standard measurement of its value. Therefore, it keeps changing over time.
VI. Future concerned about bitcoin
a. Will bitcoins be regulated by the government in the future?
Currently, there are no international laws or regulations about bitcoins. However, Some counties, China, for example, already revoked the transactions of bitcoins.
b. Will bitcoin develop in the future?
Bitcoin, as a new digital currency, has potential ability for better use in the future.
VII. Conclusion.
Bitcoin is a type of new digital currency that draws people’s attention, so that people should have basic knowledge about bitcoins. In addition, bitcoin is on the developing stage which may cause some negative effects such as the instability of the market. Regulations or rules should be applied so that people can get benefits from bitcoins.
Annotated Bibliography
Use the example assignment in the following pages as a mo ...
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting an assignment request on the HelpWriting.net website. It involves a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism. The purpose is to outline the simple process for students to get writing help and ensure quality results.
SummaryThe national interest is examined through a constructivi.docxmattinsonjanel
Summary:
The national interest is examined through a constructivist viewpoint by Weldes, who believes that realist arguments can not accurately explain the actions of the state in international politics. Melde believes that under the realist perspective, the national interest is too vague of a concept for analysts to correctly judge what actions a statesmen should take.In the realist perspective, the national interest also has the fault of the analyst being unaware of what the “national interest” truly is, since it is up to interpretation. Weldes’ constructivist approach claims that national interest are social constructs created by the state to understand their position with respect to the other states. The state creates these constructs to have a better understanding of what their goals are and the obstacles that may appear in the form of other states or other organizations. The social constructs are created as a way to have an understanding of the surroundings of the state. These surroundings can be identified as other states, non-state organizations, social movements, etc. They are then described in relation to their impact to the state, like being a threat, an ally, or neutral.
Key Terms:
National interest: helps to identify what is important in international politics and to legitimize the actions taken by the state in foreign affairs
“Security dilemma”: states remain in inevitable and perpetual competition without the existence of the supra-state
Quasi-causal: not focused on accurate cause and effect; relies on patterns that can be easily noticed and justified
Domino theory: cold war belief that having one state fall to communism will lead to surrounding states following the first one
Articulation: using keywords from the language to attribute to political situations and events; a catchphrase for political terms
Interpellation: generating recognition and identification; creating a national identity to give illusion of unified state towards a common goal
Individuals:
Steve Smith: “the national interest” is a malleable term that can be used to the advantage of any state that uses it as a defense for their actions
Hans Morgenthau: “the national interest” is a term that can be considered the focus of the states’ actions in international politics
Alexander Wendt: uses constructivist perspective; the interpretations of interests and objects dictate how the state will react to different situations, so national interest will have a fixed meaning with boundaries in place that are different from the situations of other states
Week Five Learning Outcomes
This week students will:
1. Analyze collective bargaining processes and the major factors of contract negotiation.
2. Evaluate hazardous conditions and compliance issues.
Readings
Read the following chapters in: A Framework for Human Resource Management:
1. Chapter 9: Managing Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining
2. Chapter 10: Protecting Safety and Health
Discussions
To partici ...
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Writea minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and.docxannetnash8266
Write
a minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and
contrast the Chinese Spiritual Worldview with the Indian Spiritual
Worldview based on the textbook readings.
Describe the early Daoist teachers.
Explain basic Daoist teachings.
Characterize the ideal society according to Confucius.
Illustrate the influence of the natural world on Shinto belief and practice
.
Writea draft of the paper on case tools and include the followin.docxannetnash8266
Write
a draft of the paper on case tools and include the following:
·
Define the term
case tools
and provide at least three examples.
·
Describe how case tools are used in the design of a database.
·
Explain how three different case tools are used in database design, including their advantages and disadvantages.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write To complete the assignment, open the OUTLINE ATTACHMENT fi.docxannetnash8266
Write:
To complete the assignment, open the OUTLINE ATTACHMENT fill it out entirely. Within the worksheet, you will state your thesis statement, provide an outline of your paper, and integrate the four sources (below),
and FIND two more sources being a (webpage and online magazine ONLY) on the topic “The Affordable Care Act 2010”, into your outline to showcase how these resources support your ideas. Provide a full APA references list with a minimum of six sources. Please be sure to utilize outline format and to support all statements with scholarly research. All references should be listed in full APA format and cited appropriately.
Source 1-
Burkhauser, R. V., Larrimore, J., & Simon, K. (2013). Measuring the impact of valuing health insurance on levels and trends in inequality and how the Affordable Care Act of 2010 could affect them.
Contemporary Economic Policy
,
31
(4), 779-794.
Source 2-
Cooper, R. W., & Gardner, L. A. (2016). Extensive Changes and Major Challenges Encountered in Health Insurance Markets under the Affordable Care Act.
Journal of Financial Service Professionals
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70
(5).
Source 3-
Hester, R. D. (2017). The successful innovations of the affordable care act of 2010.
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
,
6
(1), 18
Source 4-
Martin, E. J. (2015). Healthcare policy legislation and administration: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.
Journal of health and human services administration
, 407-411.
Source 5-
Sparer, M. S. (2011). Federalism and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: The founding fathers would not be surprised.
Journal of health politics, policy and law
,
36
(3), 461-468.
.
Write your proposal based on the criterias listed below Pr.docxannetnash8266
Write your proposal based on the criteria's listed below
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Write a 350- to no more than 700-word paper using APA format.D.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to no more than 700-word paper using APA format.
Describe
the flow of information in your company, or in a company at which you have been employed. In your paper, discuss the following:
The intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and intercultural levels of communication within your company
How information travels up, down, and across your organization, and how it relates to the basic communications model
The functions of the Y hierarchy of managerial communications. Does it apply to your organization's communication hierarchy?
A comparison of at least three managerial communication approaches you have observed in your organization
At least three potential barriers to effective communications that exist in your company
A minimum of one reference and one in-text citation is required.
First person is acceptable.
.
Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you investigate the interr.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper in which you investigate the interrelationship between culture and visual entertainment media, such as television and film. Include answers to the following questions:
·
In what ways have various forms of visual entertainment media shaped American culture and its values?
·
Are the social influences of visual entertainment media mostly positive or negative? Explain.
Illustrate
your answers with specific examples.
Conclude
your paper by summarizing how visual media either reflect or influence social behavior and attitudes.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 350 word analysis about juvenile attitudes toward poli.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350 word analysis about juvenile attitudes toward police. Consider recent cases in the media regarding juvenile interactions with police departments. Analyze the attitudes today's youth have toward police. Address the following:
Summary of current media piece you are analyzing
Evaluation of attitudes and factors influencing attitudes
Is remediation of these attitudes necessary?
.
Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you do the followingExp.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper in which you do the following:
Explain what database systems are and how they are used.
Define database architecture. Consider Microsoft
®
Access
®
, Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
, Oracle
®
, and IBM DB2
®
software as possible examples.
Summarize your paper by describing the database systems in your workplace, identifying which database systems and architecture they fall under.
Include
2 to 4 references.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
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The American healthcare system has been the talk for quite some time ever since the recession took place. Healthcare is something that should not be dependent upon the economy of the country because getting sick or unwell is not in anyone's hand. Every human whether rich or poor is bound to get sick and then, healthcare facilities should be there to treat them equally. Healthcare facilities should be equal for everyone but unfortunately, this is not happening in the system of American healthcare.
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Introduction
Paper begins in a meaningful way and not with the beginning of human history. Introduction includes
consideration of the background circumstances of your invention.
Thesis Statement
A sophisticated thesis statement is present, which goes beyond a simplistic good or bad judgment on the
invention.
Interpretation and Analysis
There should be no filler statements. Make sure to acknowledge the implications of your invention.
Use of Evidence
Use concrete examples that are taken directly from your sources. Do not speak in generalities or
abstraction. Tie your writing to the specific and to details.
Research Sources
A minimum of 5 textual sources (3 academic, 2 popular) need to be present in the paper. Sources need
to be relevant, interpreted accurately, and successfully incorporated throughout the essay.
Organization and Paragraph Development
Essay is logically organized. Transitions smoothly connect each idea from one paragraph to the next.
MLA Format and Citations
1" margin, correct heading, essay text is double-spaced in 12pt. Times New Roman font. Paper is a
minimum of 5 full pages. Essay is given an engaging title beyond "Essay #3" Specific examples are
properly cited parenthetically with page number reference and in the Works Cited page.
Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
Use of correct grammatical conventions and punctuation. Lack of spelling errors.
Style and Tone
Style, tone, and word choice are appropriate to audience specifications. Lack of clichés, personal
pronouns, contractions, slang, and abbreviations. Varied sentence structure.
Conclusion
Presents a coherent conclusion that successfully draws essay to an end without being repetitive.
TOTAL FINAL GRADE:
POINTS EARNED
Grade Rubric: Essay #3: Invention Research Paper
You can use the student post as example
Student 1. I will update the file for student 2
Anishka Gupta
Week 2
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
The internet is changing the way we work, socialize, create and share information, do shopping, organize the flow of people, ideas, and things around the globe. Every innovation has some good and some bad impact on the country’s economy that might affect or increase the revenue of small or big businesses. According to the general online shopping statistics, online shopping is growing so fast that the global online shopping market size is predicted to hit 4 trillion in 2020. In the USA alone, it is expected to have 300 million online shoppers by 2023 which are 91% of the country’s population. 69% of Americans shopped online whereas 25% of Americans shop online at least once per month. All these purchases are not being made in a store which means these have a significant impact on the local economy. Online purchases directly impact the local economy as it reduces the amount of sales tax the state was supposed to col.
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A.
violate the principles laid out at Nuremberg.
B.
repudiate the UN charter.
C.
dramatically depart from the historical practice of the United States.
D.
shock many Americans.
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provide precise accounting of all soft monies.
publish a voters' guide.
10 points
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contributed with the understanding of quid pro quo.
contributed to individuals.
contributed to political parties.
10 points
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the brainchild of Speaker of the House Henry Filibuster in 1802.
a nineteenth-century Senate rule-book accident.
known as the “gerrymander” until the twentieth century.
10 points
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a seemingly endless series of campaigns.
the fact that few people investigate candidates’ positions before voting.
the perception of Congress being paralyzed by internal bickering.
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History 3100 / AAAS 2800: Modern American Civil Rights Movements
Fall 2019
Dr. Mitch Kachun
Final take-home essay exam
Your paper must be uploaded to the e-learning final exam dropbox no later than 5:00pm
on Wednesday, December 11, 2019.
For your final examination in this course, you will write a 5-7 page paper (about 1,500 to
2,000 words) responding to the following three-part assignment.
Consider all the materials we have read, viewed, and discussed this semester regarding the
African American freedom struggle from the 1890s to the early 2000s, including the different
approaches, organizations, movements, strategies, tactics, or individual actions that have been
used over the course of the 20th century and into the 21st.
Part 1 (approximately 2-3 pages):
1. Discuss the extent to which there has been progress in African Americans’ pursuit of the
full and equal citizenship rights that were supposedly guaranteed by the 13th, 14th, and
15th Amendments to the US Constitution.
2. Discuss several of the leaders, organizations, movements, or approaches to civil rights
activism that you think were most important or effective in achieving that progress, and
explain why you think that is the case.
3. While explaining clearly why you think particular individuals or approaches were
important or effective, make sure you refer to specific details and examples from the
readings, films, lectures, and discussions.
Part 2 (approximately 2-3 pages):
1. Discuss the areas in which you believe African Americans’ pursuit of full and equal
citizenship rights have been frustrated and remain unfulfilled. In other words, what do
you think have been the most significant areas in which African Americans are still not
treated as full and equal citizens?
2. Clearly explain the reasons why you believe justice has not been achieved in these areas.
(Or, if you believe African Americans are now treated as full and equal citizens, support
that position by showing why the readings and other course materials failed to convince
you otherwise.)
3. Again, make sure you refer to specific details and examples from the readings, films,
lectures, and discussions to support your position.
Part 3 (approximately 1-2 pages):
Discuss what you believe is the most significant civil rights or human rights issue in
American society today, and discuss what you see as an appropriate way to pursue justice
in that cause. This can relate to African Americans’ continuing freedom struggle or it
could relate to some other group in American society that is struggling for full and equal
rights (#BlackLivesMatter; #MeToo; LGBTQ issues; immigration policies; etc.). You
should consider whether any of the approaches, organizations, movements, strategies,
tactics, or individual actions you discussed in Part 1 might apply to the current struggle
you identify. Are there any rights organizations working today on the issues you
...
Prepare Prior to completing this discussion question, review Chap.docxshpopkinkz
Prepare: Prior to completing this discussion question, review Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in American Government and review Week Five Instructor Guidance. Also read the following articles: How Voter ID Laws Are Being Used to Disenfranchise Minorities and the Poor, Fraught with Fraud, and Proof at the Polls.
Reflect Icon
Reflect: The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. One study ranks the U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, & Sullivan, 2002). During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, yet concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities. Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud. Think about the media’s role in the election process and how both mass media and social media can impact the election process.
Write Icon
Write: In your initial post, summarize recent developments in several states enacting voter ID laws. Analyze and describe the pros and cons on both sides of the debate about these laws. Is voter fraud a major problem for our democracy or are some groups trying to make it harder for some segments of society to vote? What impact has the media (mass and social) had in influencing public opinion regarding voter ID laws? Draw your own conclusion about the debate over voter ID laws and justify your conclusions with facts and persuasive reasoning.
Fully respond to all parts of the prompt and write your response in your own words. Your initial post must be at least 300 words. Support your position with at least two of the assigned resources required for this discussion, and/or peer reviewed scholarly sources obtained through the AU Library databases. Include APA in-text citations in the body of your post and full citations on the references list at the end. Support your position with APA citations from two or more of the assigned resources required for this discussion. Please be sure that you demonstrate understanding of these resources, integrate them into your argument, and cite them properly.
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Bitcoin: a coin?
Main topic: Introduce the concept of bitcoin: What is bitcoin? How are bitcoins created? What can people use it for? What are the potential problems about bitcoin?
Thesis statement: This research will introduce basic information about bitcoin to audiences. After reading this research paper, readers will be able to know the definition, the production process, the function and the possible future development about bitcoin. This research will also provide readers with useful information and facts about the bitcoin to help them make their own understanding and judgments.
I. Introduction:
a. Different opinions about bitcoins:
Some people think that the bitcoin is new currency while bitcoin miners believe that bitcoin is a profitable investment.
b. People need accurate information about bitcoins:
Due to the lack of the information about bitcoins, people may have misconceptions about them and cause possible false use of bitcoins in the future, so it is worthwhile to educate people about bitcoins
II. Definition:
What is bitcoin?
Bitcoin is an untraceable digital currency, and it charges relatively low transaction fees while trading with others.
III. How are bitcoins created?
The way to create bitcoin is to program the complex algorithm, and the final qualified outcome will receive bitcoins as the reward. ( sources)
IV. What can people use it for?
People are able to use bitcoins as a digital currency to make payments online. In addition, bitcoin has become a new investment because its value increases significantly over time.
V. Current issues about bitcoin
a. Does the process of producing bitcoins consume significant energy?
Producing bitcoins will consume tremendous electricity and require many advanced electronic devices. (examples)
b. Is the usage of bitcoins legal?
Since everyone has the ability to create bitcoins, bitcoin is hard to trace. Some people are using bitcoins in black market for illegal proposes.(examples)
c. What is the value of bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a digital currency which people have not set up a standard measurement of its value. Therefore, it keeps changing over time.
VI. Future concerned about bitcoin
a. Will bitcoins be regulated by the government in the future?
Currently, there are no international laws or regulations about bitcoins. However, Some counties, China, for example, already revoked the transactions of bitcoins.
b. Will bitcoin develop in the future?
Bitcoin, as a new digital currency, has potential ability for better use in the future.
VII. Conclusion.
Bitcoin is a type of new digital currency that draws people’s attention, so that people should have basic knowledge about bitcoins. In addition, bitcoin is on the developing stage which may cause some negative effects such as the instability of the market. Regulations or rules should be applied so that people can get benefits from bitcoins.
Annotated Bibliography
Use the example assignment in the following pages as a mo ...
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SummaryThe national interest is examined through a constructivi.docxmattinsonjanel
Summary:
The national interest is examined through a constructivist viewpoint by Weldes, who believes that realist arguments can not accurately explain the actions of the state in international politics. Melde believes that under the realist perspective, the national interest is too vague of a concept for analysts to correctly judge what actions a statesmen should take.In the realist perspective, the national interest also has the fault of the analyst being unaware of what the “national interest” truly is, since it is up to interpretation. Weldes’ constructivist approach claims that national interest are social constructs created by the state to understand their position with respect to the other states. The state creates these constructs to have a better understanding of what their goals are and the obstacles that may appear in the form of other states or other organizations. The social constructs are created as a way to have an understanding of the surroundings of the state. These surroundings can be identified as other states, non-state organizations, social movements, etc. They are then described in relation to their impact to the state, like being a threat, an ally, or neutral.
Key Terms:
National interest: helps to identify what is important in international politics and to legitimize the actions taken by the state in foreign affairs
“Security dilemma”: states remain in inevitable and perpetual competition without the existence of the supra-state
Quasi-causal: not focused on accurate cause and effect; relies on patterns that can be easily noticed and justified
Domino theory: cold war belief that having one state fall to communism will lead to surrounding states following the first one
Articulation: using keywords from the language to attribute to political situations and events; a catchphrase for political terms
Interpellation: generating recognition and identification; creating a national identity to give illusion of unified state towards a common goal
Individuals:
Steve Smith: “the national interest” is a malleable term that can be used to the advantage of any state that uses it as a defense for their actions
Hans Morgenthau: “the national interest” is a term that can be considered the focus of the states’ actions in international politics
Alexander Wendt: uses constructivist perspective; the interpretations of interests and objects dictate how the state will react to different situations, so national interest will have a fixed meaning with boundaries in place that are different from the situations of other states
Week Five Learning Outcomes
This week students will:
1. Analyze collective bargaining processes and the major factors of contract negotiation.
2. Evaluate hazardous conditions and compliance issues.
Readings
Read the following chapters in: A Framework for Human Resource Management:
1. Chapter 9: Managing Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining
2. Chapter 10: Protecting Safety and Health
Discussions
To partici ...
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Writea minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and.docxannetnash8266
Write
a minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and
contrast the Chinese Spiritual Worldview with the Indian Spiritual
Worldview based on the textbook readings.
Describe the early Daoist teachers.
Explain basic Daoist teachings.
Characterize the ideal society according to Confucius.
Illustrate the influence of the natural world on Shinto belief and practice
.
Writea draft of the paper on case tools and include the followin.docxannetnash8266
Write
a draft of the paper on case tools and include the following:
·
Define the term
case tools
and provide at least three examples.
·
Describe how case tools are used in the design of a database.
·
Explain how three different case tools are used in database design, including their advantages and disadvantages.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write To complete the assignment, open the OUTLINE ATTACHMENT fi.docxannetnash8266
Write:
To complete the assignment, open the OUTLINE ATTACHMENT fill it out entirely. Within the worksheet, you will state your thesis statement, provide an outline of your paper, and integrate the four sources (below),
and FIND two more sources being a (webpage and online magazine ONLY) on the topic “The Affordable Care Act 2010”, into your outline to showcase how these resources support your ideas. Provide a full APA references list with a minimum of six sources. Please be sure to utilize outline format and to support all statements with scholarly research. All references should be listed in full APA format and cited appropriately.
Source 1-
Burkhauser, R. V., Larrimore, J., & Simon, K. (2013). Measuring the impact of valuing health insurance on levels and trends in inequality and how the Affordable Care Act of 2010 could affect them.
Contemporary Economic Policy
,
31
(4), 779-794.
Source 2-
Cooper, R. W., & Gardner, L. A. (2016). Extensive Changes and Major Challenges Encountered in Health Insurance Markets under the Affordable Care Act.
Journal of Financial Service Professionals
,
70
(5).
Source 3-
Hester, R. D. (2017). The successful innovations of the affordable care act of 2010.
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
,
6
(1), 18
Source 4-
Martin, E. J. (2015). Healthcare policy legislation and administration: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.
Journal of health and human services administration
, 407-411.
Source 5-
Sparer, M. S. (2011). Federalism and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: The founding fathers would not be surprised.
Journal of health politics, policy and law
,
36
(3), 461-468.
.
Write your proposal based on the criterias listed below Pr.docxannetnash8266
Write your proposal based on the criteria's listed below
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Write a 350- to no more than 700-word paper using APA format.D.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to no more than 700-word paper using APA format.
Describe
the flow of information in your company, or in a company at which you have been employed. In your paper, discuss the following:
The intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and intercultural levels of communication within your company
How information travels up, down, and across your organization, and how it relates to the basic communications model
The functions of the Y hierarchy of managerial communications. Does it apply to your organization's communication hierarchy?
A comparison of at least three managerial communication approaches you have observed in your organization
At least three potential barriers to effective communications that exist in your company
A minimum of one reference and one in-text citation is required.
First person is acceptable.
.
Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you investigate the interr.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper in which you investigate the interrelationship between culture and visual entertainment media, such as television and film. Include answers to the following questions:
·
In what ways have various forms of visual entertainment media shaped American culture and its values?
·
Are the social influences of visual entertainment media mostly positive or negative? Explain.
Illustrate
your answers with specific examples.
Conclude
your paper by summarizing how visual media either reflect or influence social behavior and attitudes.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 350 word analysis about juvenile attitudes toward poli.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350 word analysis about juvenile attitudes toward police. Consider recent cases in the media regarding juvenile interactions with police departments. Analyze the attitudes today's youth have toward police. Address the following:
Summary of current media piece you are analyzing
Evaluation of attitudes and factors influencing attitudes
Is remediation of these attitudes necessary?
.
Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you do the followingExp.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper in which you do the following:
Explain what database systems are and how they are used.
Define database architecture. Consider Microsoft
®
Access
®
, Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
, Oracle
®
, and IBM DB2
®
software as possible examples.
Summarize your paper by describing the database systems in your workplace, identifying which database systems and architecture they fall under.
Include
2 to 4 references.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 350- to 700- word response to the following questionsHo.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700- word response to the following questions:
How did psychology evolve into a science?
What are some psychological perspectives that explain human behavior?
A long-standing debate in the field of psychology is the degree to which nature and nurture shape human behaviors and traits. How would you describe the interaction between genetic potential, environmental influences, and personal choice?
Format
your response consistent with APA guidelines.
Click
the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
AND
Write
a 500- to 1000-word essay contrasting the roles of the temporal and frontal lobes on behavior. Include the types of behaviors for which each lobe is responsible, as well as the effects of heredity on the development of these behaviors. Additionally, include what may happen if there is damage to these lobes, including Broca's and Wernicke's aphasias.
Format
your essay consistent with APA guidelines.
Click
the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
.
Write a 1,400- to 1,750 word APA format paper regarding a so.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,400- to 1,750 word
APA format paper
regarding a social networking interview.
Identify
whom you interviewed, their title, and years of working experience in the area of Operations Management.
Provide
insights into your subject's role and why Operations Management is vital to his/her organization.
Provide
the reason for selecting the individual you chose to interview.
List
the questions you asked.
Include
a summary of the organization.
Give
a summary of what you learned as a result of this interview.
Provide
a reflection of what is important about this assignment.
Discuss
any follow-up activities the person you interviewed suggested.
Provide
at least two peer reviewed academic references. Make sure that the in-text citations matched the reference list.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
IMPORTANT:
Make sure to review your assignment submission for content similarity on Safe Assign before submission. Assignment is preferred to have no more than 10% content similarity.
.
Write a 350- to 500-word summary in which you answer the following.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 500-word summary in which you answer the following questions:
What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the last century?
How did each development influence American culture?
What is meant by the term
media convergence
, and how has it affected everyday life?
700 word max.
.
Write a 300- to 350-word response to the followingWhen thinki.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 300- to 350-word response to the following:
When thinking about all the types of diversity that can exist within a group, what is the most important thing for group members to keep in mind when interacting with each other? Explain.
APA format
Include 2 references
.
WRITE A 2-page paper on the following questions. Your answers must.docxannetnash8266
WRITE
A 2-page paper on the following questions. Your answers must be written in paragraph style after each question.
1. What personal interests do you have in regard to the field of social work?
2. What are your personal values? List three or more
3. How do your identified values influence what you believe about how people should be served?
4. What do you think you will be doing in 7 years?
5. What are the values/interests/beliefs of your selected state representative or state senator (name them and cite their website) and how are they reflected in the policies of your state? Give concrete examples of your state policy.
.
Write a 1- to 2-page report for the Director of IT describing .docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1- to 2-page report for the Director of IT describing the requirements you are considering as your team implements the wireless network. Include the following:
Design requirements that must be addressed
Justification to use different frequencies, channels, and antennae in the installation
Regulatory requirements to consider in implementation
Security requirements
Create
a 1/2- to 1-page table for your team. In the table, summarize possible frequency choices, including an explanation of the strength and weakness of each.
No plagiarism please use attached files for the scenario!!!!
.
Write a 1,400- to 2,100-word paper in which you assess criminal ju.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,400- to 2,100-word paper in which you assess criminal justice from a global perspective. In your paper be sure to analyze the following:
Assess the impact of globalization on the U.S. criminal justice system.
Compare and contrast international criminal justice systems (Civil Law, Common law, and Islamic Law and Socialist Law traditions).
Discuss the impact that cyber crime and technology have had on worldwide justice systems.
Differentiate the policing systems on a worldwide scale.
Identify major crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on justice systems and processes (e.g., Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Darfur, Congo, etc.).
Include
at least four peer reviewed references.
Format
your paper according to APA guidelines.
Submit
your assignment.
.
Write a 1,750-word paper that includes the following(UNITED.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,750-word paper that includes the following:
(UNITED STATES COAST GUARD)
The organizational overview.
Prioritized assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and vulnerabilities of your selected organization's security system(s), including facilities, people, information systems, and other appropriate assets.
The influence of crime and criminology in your assessment, as well as applicable national and global issues.
Format
your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
ATTACH TURN IT IN REPORT
.
Write a 1.400 to 1,700 word essay that summarizes your Week 4 .docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1.400 to 1,700 word essay that summarizes your Week 4 presentation and additionally includes the following:
Summary of each of the following from your Week 4 presentation:
What are cultural groups?
How can you work toward more effective intercultural communication?
How is globalization challenging traditional hierarchies of culture?
What are co-cultural groups?
What are the five belief domains and how do they influence intercultural communication? (Refer to Ch. 9)
Summary of the following Week 5 concepts:
Positive and negative examples of how the media acts as a cultural socialization agent
Discussion of one media theory as it relates to how you interact with mass media
How to develop media literacy
How technology has fostered global intercultural communication
The challenges and opportunities within intercultural communication for women and minority success in the future
.
Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper highlighting considerations for.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper highlighting considerations for creating a security budget.
Include
the following:
Identify the key player involved in creating the budget.
Discuss liabilities a budget can create for an organization.
Consider how these liabilities can be addressed.
Determine the need for executive protection using a cost-benefit analysis.
Also Include
a
Created Tree Graph outlining the steps that make up the budgeting process.
Format
your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 1,050-word minimum strategic implementation plan in wh.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,050-word minimum strategic implementation plan in which you include the following:
Create an implementation plan including:
Objectives
Functional tactics
Action items
Milestones and deadlines
Tasks and task ownership
Resource allocation
Recommend any organizational change management strategies that may enhance successful implementation.
Develop key success factors, budget, and forecasted financials, including a break-even chart.
Create a risk management plan including contingency plans for the identified risks.
Format
your paper according to APA guidelines.
.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
A. Can InciFIN 465Innovations in Contemporary FinanceP.docx
1. A. Can Inci
FIN 465
Innovations in Contemporary Finance
Project 8: Option Strategy Reverse Engineering
In this project you will reverse engineer an option strategy. You
will determine what financial instruments to utilize in order to
create the option strategy.
The client informs you that he wants to buy a stock which costs
$10 per share right now. He would like a portfolio payoff
diagram as seen below. You are asked to combine this stock,
call options (purchase or write), put options (purchase or write)
and create the portfolio payoff diagram below (the absolute
values of all the slopes are 1 in the diagram):
Strategy Payoff Diagram
0
20 30 40 60 70
80 100 S
Specifically, you can use
1. The stock (cost of the stock: $10)
2. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $20
(cost of call: $15, put: $2)
3. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $30
(cost of call: $10, put: $3)
4. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $40
(cost of call: $5, put: $4)
2. 5. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $60
(cost of call: $4, put: $5)
6. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $70
(cost of call: $3, put: $10)
7. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $80
(cost of call: $2, put: $12)
8. Call and Put options on the stock with Exercise price: $100
(cost of call: $1, put: $15)
Answer the following questions in your report:
1. How do you obtain the payoff diagram above? In other
words, what portfolio combination leads to the payoff diagram
below?
2. What is the cost of this portfolio?
3. Using Excel, create the payoff diagram of this option strategy
using the stock prices on the x-axis and calculating the total
payoff at those stock prices (Create the graph by using those
stock prices in the first column, and the payoffs in the next
column. Use Scatter Plot –> Scatter with Straight lines).
Political scientist Harold Lasswell defined politics as who gets
what, when and how. Policy, both domestic and foreign, is made
to balance a nation's political, economic and security interests
with its political culture and values.
For the forum this week, students will read opposing views on
three different public policy topics: Affirmative Action,
national health care, and the use of "enhanced interrogation."
Choose one topic to develop your response for this forum. Be
sure to read all three so you can engage in the discussion with
3. your classmates on all topics. Don't forget the lesson notes as
supporting documents.
Once you have chosen your topic for the response post, evaluate
the following question in relation to the American policy
making process:
For Affirmative Action: How does Affirmative Action affect
racial equality?
For national health care: How would national health insurance
affect health care in America?
For "enhanced interrogation": Is it a valid form of defense
against terrorists, or is it just torture that violates human rights
and American principles?
SOURCES TO USE:
Ezra Klein, from "The Health of Nations," The American
Prospect (May 2007) ATTACHED
John C Goodman, from "Health Care in a Free Society:
Rebutting the Myths of National Health Insurance," Policy
Analysis, (Jan. 27, 2005)
http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/health-care-
free-society-rebutting-myths-national-health-insurance
Charles Krauthammer, from "The Truth about Torture," The
Weekly Standard, (December 2005) ATTACHED
Andrew Sullivan, from "The Abolition of Torture," The New
Republic (December 2005) ATTACHED
Walter E. Williams, from "Affirmative Action Can't be
Mended," in David Boaz, ed. Toward Liberty: The Idea that is
Changing the World (Cato Institute, 2012) ATTACHED
4. From the eBook Taking Sides (2014) read the following
articles:
"Does Affirmative Action Advance Racial Equality?" on pp.
109-117.
"Will the Affordable Care Act Successfully Transform the
American Health Care System?"
on pp. 145-155.
"Politics and the Policymaking Process"
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonh
ighered/samplechapter/0205011616.pdf
The following links will take you to a series of think tanks
which publish regularly on domestic and foreign policy issues:
The American Foreign Policy Council
www.afpc.org/
The Brookings Institute
www.brookings.edu/
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
carnegieendowment.org
The Cato Institute
www.cato.org/
The Baker Institute for Public Policy
bakerinstitute.org/
The Pew Research Center
www.pewresearch.org/
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Affirmative action can't be mended
Williams, Walter E
Cato Journal; Spring/Summer 1997; 17, 1; ProQuest
pg. 1
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t h e n e w r e p u b l i c P d e c e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 19
ing the legalization of full-fledged torture by the United
States under strictly curtailed conditions. We stand on the
brink of an enormously important choice—one that is criti-
cal, morally as well as strategically, to get right.
This debate takes place after three years in which the
Bush administration has defined “torture” in the narrowest
terms and has permitted coercive, physical abuse of enemy
combatants if “military necessity” demands it. It comes also
after several internal Pentagon reports found widespread
and severe abuse of detainees in Afghanistan, Iraq, and
7. elsewhere that has led to at least two dozen deaths during
interrogation. Journalistic accounts and reports by the In-
ternational Committee of the Red Cross paint an even
darker picture of secret torture sites in Eastern Europe and
innocent detainees being murdered. Behind all this, the
grim images of Abu Ghraib—the worst of which have yet to
be released—linger in the public consciousness.
In this inevitably emotional debate, perhaps the greatest
failing of those of us who have been arguing against all tor-
sure, a $50 rule for identity theft would be more difficult.
Identity thieves target not only credit cards, but also car
loans, home loans, and bank accounts, as well as identifica-
tion and travel documents. When credit cards are stolen,
consumers simply call the issuer of their card. With iden-
tity theft, the responsible party is far less clear. The compa-
ny or agency that lost the data? The institution that made
the loan or issued false documents? Credit reporting agen-
cies? Some federal agency?
Although there are challenges in designing such a sys-
tem for identity theft, the idea is still promising: Have the
big organizations in the middle of the system address the
fraud, and don’t let all the costs fall on innocent victims.
For any solution to work, it must dramatically shift lia-
bility to data owners while better protecting consumers.
The bills before Congress fail on this front. Business inter-
ests want to keep using data to grow profits, and they will
continue to lobby in favor of self-regulation, as they have
for years. Homeland security officials want to use more
data to aid counterterrorism efforts, and politicians want
to use more data to win elections. What will it take for
Congress to do the right thing? Maybe the best thing
that could happen would be for someone to take Leahy’s
8. lost data problem one step further and actually steal
his identity, too. And, while they’re at it, they should also
steal Senator Bill Frist’s identity—just to ensure biparti-
san support. J
W
hy is torture wrong? It may
seem like an obvious question,
or even one beneath discussion.
But it is now inescapably before
us, with the introduction of the
McCain Amendment banning
all “cruel, inhuman, and degrad-
ing treatment” of detainees by American soldiers and CIA
operatives anywhere in the world. The amendment lies in
legislative limbo. It passed the Senate in October by a vote
of 90 to nine, but President Bush has vowed to veto any
such blanket ban on torture or abuse; Vice President Ch-
eney has prevailed upon enough senators and congressmen
to prevent the amendment—and the defense appropria-
tions bill to which it is attached—from moving out of con-
ference; and my friend Charles Krauthammer, one of the
most respected conservative intellectuals in Washington
(and a New Republic contributing editor) has written a
widely praised cover essay for The Weekly Standard endors-
by agreeing to bolster security: have outside security audits
every other year for the next 20 years, encrypt stored and
transported data, set time limits on how long data is stored,
and install better wireless security. Congress should take a
page from BJ’s settlement and push to strengthen security
for institutions that handle large amounts of data. While
compliance will cost money up front, the investment will
help reduce the costs of lost data in the future and increase
consumer confidence.
9. At least one of the bills in Congress envisions giving the
FTC an additional $60 million per year to help identity theft
victims. But this is a pittance compared with the billions lost
to identity theft every year. Congress is also considering al-
lowing consumers to freeze access to their credit reports. Un-
der credit freezes, which are already allowed in a dozen or so
states, no new credit can be issued under an individual’s
name until the consumer lifts the freeze, a much stronger
protection than fraud alerts or notification requirements.
But Peter Swire, chief privacy counselor under President
Clinton, has suggested what might be the most compelling
solution—a $50 cap and automatic dispute resolution for
identity theft losses, similar to the basic anti-fraud provi-
sions for credit cards. If a criminal steals your credit card
number, the card issuer pays for unauthorized purchases
above $50 and investigates disputed charges. Once credit
card companies were put on the hook for fraud losses in
the 1970s, they found ways to cut fraud dramatically. To be
Saving the United States from a totalitarian future.
The Abolition of Torture
by andrew sullivan
20 d e c e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 P t h e n e w r e p u b l i c
News—describes that process in plain English: “The pris-
oner is bound to an inclined board, feet raised and head
slightly below the feet. Cellophane is wrapped over the
prisoner’s face and water is poured over him. Unavoidably,
the gag reflex kicks in and a terrifying fear of drowning
leads to almost instant pleas to bring the treatment to a
10. halt.” The ABC report then noted, “According to the
sources, CIA officers who subjected themselves to the wa-
terboarding technique lasted an average of 14 seconds be-
fore caving in. They said Al Qaeda’s toughest prisoner,
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, won the admiration of inter-
rogators when he was able to last between two and two and
a half minutes before begging to confess.”
Before the Bush administration, two documented cases
of the U.S. Armed Forces using “waterboarding” resulted in
courts-martial for the soldiers implicated. In Donald Rums-
feld’s post–September 11 Pentagon, the technique is ap-
proved and, we recently learned, has been used on at least
eleven detainees, possibly many more. What you see here
is the deployment of a very basic and inescapable human
reflex—the desire not to drown and suffocate—in order to
destroy a person’s autonomy. Even the most hardened fa-
natic can only endure two and a half minutes. After that, he
is indeed “broken.”
T
he entire structure of Western freedom grew
in part out of the searing experience of state-
sanctioned torture. The use of torture in Europe’s
religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries is still etched in our communal consciousness, as it
should be. Then, governments deployed torture not only to
uncover perceived threats to their faith-based autocracies,
but also to “save” the victim’s soul. Torturers understood that
religious conversion was a difficult thing, because it necessi-
tated a shift in the deepest recesses of the human soul. The
only way to reach those depths was to deploy physical terror
in the hopes of completely destroying the heretic’s autono-
my. They would, in other words, destroy a human being’s soul
in order to save it. That is what burning at the stake was—an
11. indescribably agonizing act of torture that could be ended at
a moment’s notice if the victim recanted. In a state where
theological doctrine always trumped individual liberty, this
was a natural tactic.
Indeed, the very concept of Western liberty sprung in
part from an understanding that, if the state has the power
to reach that deep into a person’s soul and can do that much
damage to a human being’s person, then the state has extin-
guished all oxygen necessary for freedom to survive. That is
why, in George Orwell’s totalitarian nightmare, the final or-
deal is, of course, torture. Any polity that endorses torture
has incorporated into its own DNA a totalitarian mutation.
If the point of the U.S. Constitution is the preservation of
liberty, the formal incorporation into U.S. law of the state’s
right to torture—by legally codifying physical coercion,
abuse, and even, in Krauthammer’s case, full-fledged tor-
ture of detainees by the CIA—would effectively end the
ture and “cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment” of de-
tainees is that we have assumed the reasons why torture is
always a moral evil, rather than explicating them. But, when
you fully ponder them, I think it becomes clearer why, con-
trary to Krauthammer’s argument, torture, in any form and
under any circumstances, is both antithetical to the most ba-
sic principles for which the United States stands and a pro-
found impediment to winning a wider war that we cannot
afford to lose.
T
orture is the polar opposite of freedom. It is
the banishment of all freedom from a human
body and soul, insofar as that is possible. As
human beings, we all inhabit bodies and have
minds, souls, and reflexes that are designed in part to pro-
12. tect those bodies: to resist or flinch from pain, to protect the
psyche from disintegration, and to maintain a sense of self-
hood that is the basis for the concept of personal liberty.
What torture does is use these involuntary, self-protective,
self-defining resources of human beings against the integri-
ty of the human being himself. It takes what is most invol-
untary in a person and uses it to break that person’s will. It
takes what is animal in us and deploys it against what makes
us human. As an American commander wrote in an August
2003 e-mail about his instructions to torture prisoners at
Abu Ghraib, “The gloves are coming off gentlemen regard-
ing these detainees, Col. Boltz has made it clear that we
want these individuals broken.”
What does it mean to “break” an individual? As the
French essayist Michel de Montaigne once commented, and
Shakespeare echoed, even the greatest philosophers have
difficulty thinking clearly when they have a toothache.
These wise men were describing the inescapable frailty of
the human experience, mocking the claims of some seers to
be above basic human feelings and bodily needs. If that
frailty is exposed by a toothache, it is beyond dispute in the
case of torture. The infliction of physical pain on a person
with no means of defending himself is designed to render
that person completely subservient to his torturers. It is de-
signed to extirpate his autonomy as a human being, to ren-
der his control as an individual beyond his own reach. That
is why the term “break” is instructive. Something broken
can be put back together, but it will never regain the status
of being unbroken—of having integrity. When you break a
human being, you turn him into something subhuman. You
enslave him. This is why the Romans reserved torture for
slaves, not citizens, and why slavery and torture were inex-
tricably linked in the antebellum South.
What you see in the relationship between torturer and
13. tortured is the absolute darkness of totalitarianism. You
see one individual granted the most complete power he
can ever hold over another. Not just confinement of his
mobility—the abolition of his very agency. Torture uses a
person’s body to remove from his own control his con-
science, his thoughts, his faith, his selfhood. The CIA’s
definition of “waterboarding”—recently leaked to ABC
t h e n e w r e p u b l i c P d e c e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 21
ture,” and “outrages upon personal dignity, in particular hu-
miliating and degrading treatment”—even when dealing
with illegal combatants like terrorists. That is why the Dec-
laration of Independence did not restrict its endorsement of
freedom merely to those lucky enough to find themselves
on U.S. soil—but extended it to all human beings, wherever
they are in the world, simply because they are human.
Nevertheless, it is important to addressKrauthammer’s practical
points. He is asking usto steel ourselves and accept that,
whether welike it or not, torture and abuse may be essential
in a war where our very survival may be at stake. He pre-
sents two scenarios in which he believes torture is permissi-
ble. The first is the “ticking bomb” scenario, a hypothetical
rarity in which the following conditions apply: a) a terrorist
cell has planted a nuclear weapon or something nearly as
devastating in a major city; b) we have captured someone in
this cell; c) we know for a fact that he knows where the bomb
is. In practice, of course, the likelihood of such a scenario is
extraordinarily remote. Uncovering a terrorist plot is hard
enough; capturing a conspirator involved in that plot is even
harder; and realizing in advance that the person knows the
whereabouts of the bomb is nearly impossible. (Remember,
in the war on terrorism, we have already detained—and
14. even killed—many innocents. Pentagon reports have ac-
knowledged that up to 90 percent of the prisoners at Abu
Ghraib, many of whom were abused and tortured, were not
guilty of anything.) But let us assume, for the sake of argu-
ment, that all of Krauthammer’s conditions apply. Do we
have a right to torture our hypothetical detainee?
According to Krauthammer, of course we do. No respon-
sible public official put in that position would refuse to sanc-
tion torture if he believed it could save thousands of lives.
And, if it’s necessary, Krauthammer argues, it should be
made legal. If you have conceded that torture may be justi-
fied in one case, Krauthammer believes, you have conceded
that it may be justified in many more. In his words, “Once
you’ve established the principle, to paraphrase George
Bernard Shaw, all that’s left to haggle about is the price.”
But this is too easy and too glib a formulation. It is possi-
ble to concede that, in an extremely rare circumstance,
torture may be used without conceding that it should be le-
galized. One imperfect but instructive analogy is civil dis-
obedience. In that case, laws are indeed broken, but that
does not establish that the laws should be broken. In fact,
civil disobedience implies precisely that laws should not be
broken, and protesters who engage in it present themselves
promptly for imprisonment and legal sanction on exactly
those grounds. They do so for demonstrative reasons. They
are not saying that laws don’t matter. They are saying that
laws do matter, that they should be enforced, but that their
conscience in this instance demands that they disobey them.
In extremis, a rough parallel can be drawn for a presi-
dent faced with the kind of horrendous decision on which
Krauthammer rests his entire case. What should a president
American experiment of a political society based on in-
15. alienable human freedom protected not by the good graces
of the executive, but by the rule of law.
The founders understood this argument. Its preeminent
proponent was George Washington himself. As historian
David Hackett Fischer memorably recounts in his 2004
book, Washington’s Crossing: “Always some dark spirits
wished to visit the same cruelties on the British and Hes-
sians that had been inflicted on American captives. But
Washington’s example carried growing weight, more so
than his written orders and prohibitions. He often reminded
his men that they were an army of liberty and freedom, and
that the rights of humanity for which they were fighting
should extend even to their enemies. . . . Even in the most
urgent moments of the war, these men were concerned
about ethical questions in the Revolution.”
Krauthammer has described Washington’s convictions
concerning torture as “pieties” that can be dispensed with
today. He doesn’t argue that torture is not evil. Indeed, he
denounces it in unequivocal moral terms: “[T]orture is a
terrible and monstrous thing, as degrading and morally cor-
rupting to those who practice it as any conceivable human
activity including its moral twin, capital punishment.” But
he maintains that the nature of the Islamofascist enemy af-
ter September 11 radically altered our interrogative options
and that we are now not only permitted, but actually
“morally compelled,” to torture.
This is a radical and daring idea: that we must extinguish
human freedom in a few cases in order to maintain it for
everyone else. It goes beyond even the Bush administra-
tion’s own formal position, which states that the United
States will not endorse torture but merely “coercive inter-
rogation techniques.” (Such techniques, in the administra-
tion’s elaborate definition, are those that employ physical
16. force short of threatening immediate death or major organ
failure.) And it is based on a premise that deserves further
examination: that our enemies actually deserve torture; that
some human beings are so depraved that, in Krautham-
mer’s words, they “are entitled to no humane treatment.”
Let me state for the record that I am second to none in
decrying, loathing, and desiring to defeat those who wish to
replace freedom with religious tyranny of the most brutal
kind—and who have murdered countless innocent civilians
in cold blood. Their acts are monstrous and barbaric. But I
differ from Krauthammer by believing that monsters re-
main human beings. In fact, to reduce them to a subhuman
level is to exonerate them of their acts of terrorism and
mass murder—just as animals are not deemed morally re-
sponsible for killing. Insisting on the humanity of terrorists
is, in fact, critical to maintaining their profound responsibil-
ity for the evil they commit.
And, if they are human, then they must necessarily not
be treated in an inhuman fashion. You cannot lower the
moral baseline of a terrorist to the subhuman without be-
traying a fundamental value. That is why the Geneva Con-
ventions have a very basic ban on “cruel treatment and tor-
22 d e c e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 P t h e n e w r e p u b l i c
always commit abuse. But at least we will have done all we
can to constrain it.
K rauthammer’s second case for torture isequally unpersuasive.
For “slow-fuse” de-tainees—high-level prisoners like Khalid
SheikhMohammed with potentially, if not immediately,
useful intelligence—Krauthammer again takes the most ex-
17. treme case and uses it to establish a general rule. He con-
cedes that torture, according to almost every careful stu-
dent and expert, yields highly unreliable information.
Anyone can see that. If you are screaming for relief after a
few seconds of waterboarding, you’re likely to tell your cap-
tors anything, true or untrue, to stop the agony and terror.
But Krauthammer then argues that, unless you can prove
that torture never works, it should always be retained as an
option. “It may indeed be true that torture is not a reliable
tool,” he argues. “But that is very different from saying that
it is never useful.” And if it cannot be deemed always use-
less, it must be permitted—even when an imminent threat is
not in the picture.
The problem here is an obvious one. You have made the
extreme exception the basis for a new rule. You have said
that, if you cannot absolutely rule out torture as effective in
every single case, it should be ruled in as an option for
many. Moreover, if allowing torture even in the “ticking
bomb” scenario makes the migration of torture throughout
the military likely, this loophole blows the doors wide open.
And how do we tell good intelligence from bad intelligence
in such torture-infested interrogation? The short answer is:
We cannot. By allowing torture for “slow-fuse” detainees,
you sacrifice a vital principle for intelligence that is uni-
formly corrupted at best and useless at worst.
In fact, the use of torture and coercive interrogation by
U.S. forces in this war may have contributed to a profound
worsening of our actionable intelligence. The key to intelli-
gence in Iraq and, indeed, in Muslim enclaves in the West, is
gaining the support and trust of those who give terrorists
cover but who are not terrorists themselves. We need hu-
man intelligence from Muslims and Arabs prepared to spy
on and inform on their neighbors and friends and even fam-
ily and tribe members. The only way they will do that is if
18. they perceive the gains of America’s intervention as greater
than the costs, if they see clearly that cooperating with the
West will lead to a better life and a freer world rather than
more of the same.
What our practical endorsement of torture has done is to
remove that clear boundary between the Islamists and the
West and make the two equivalent in the Muslim mind.
Saddam Hussein used Abu Ghraib to torture innocents; so
did the Americans. Yes, what Saddam did was exponentially
worse. But, in doing what we did, we blurred the critical,
bright line between the Arab past and what we are propos-
ing as the Arab future. We gave Al Qaeda an enormous pro-
paganda coup, as we have done with Guantánamo and
Bagram, the “Salt Pit” torture chambers in Afghanistan,
do? The answer is simple: He may have to break the law. In
the Krauthammer scenario, a president might well decide
that, if the survival of the nation is at stake, he must make an
exception. At the same time, he must subject himself—and
so must those assigned to conduct the torture—to the con-
sequences of an illegal act. Those guilty of torturing another
human being must be punished—or pardoned ex-post-fac-
to. If the torture is revealed to be useless, if the tortured
man is shown to have been innocent or ignorant of the in-
formation he was tortured to reveal, then those responsible
must face the full brunt of the law for, in Krauthammer’s
words, such a “terrible and monstrous thing.” In Michael
Walzer’s formulation, if we are to have dirty hands, it is
essential that we show them to be dirty.
What Krauthammer is proposing, however, is not this
compromise, which allows us to retain our soul as a free re-
public while protecting us from catastrophe in an extremely
rare case. He is proposing something very different: that our
“dirty hands” be wiped legally clean before and after the
19. fact. That is a Rubicon we should not cross, because it marks
the boundary between a free country and an unfree one.
Krauthammer, moreover, misses a key lesson learned
these past few years. What the hundreds of abuse and tor-
ture incidents have shown is that, once you permit torture
for someone somewhere, it has a habit of spreading. Re-
member that torture was originally sanctioned in adminis-
tration memos only for use against illegal combatants in
rare cases. Within months of that decision, abuse and tor-
ture had become endemic throughout Iraq, a theater of war
in which, even Bush officials agree, the Geneva Conven-
tions apply. The extremely coercive interrogation tactics
used at Guantánamo Bay “migrated” to Abu Ghraib. In
fact, General Geoffrey Miller was sent to Abu Ghraib
specifically to replicate Guantánamo’s techniques. Accord-
ing to former Brigadier General Janis Karpinski, who had
original responsibility for the prison, Miller ordered her to
treat all detainees “like dogs.” When Captain Ian Fishback,
a West Point graduate and member of the 82nd Airborne,
witnessed routine beatings and abuse of detainees at deten-
tion facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan, often for sport, he
tried to stop it. It took him a year and a half to get any re-
sponse from the military command, and he had to go to
Senator John McCain to make his case.
In short, what was originally supposed to be safe, sanc-
tioned, and rare became endemic, disorganized, and brutal.
The lesson is that it is impossible to quarantine torture in a
hermetic box; it will inevitably contaminate the military as a
whole. Once you have declared that some enemies are sub-
human, you have told every soldier that every potential
detainee he comes across might be exactly that kind of
prisoner—and that anything can therefore be done to him.
That is what the disgrace at Abu Ghraib proved. And Abu
Ghraib produced a tiny fraction of the number of abuse,
20. torture, and murder cases that have been subsequently re-
vealed. The only way to control torture is to ban it outright.
Everywhere. Even then, in wartime, some “bad apples” will
t h e n e w r e p u b l i c P d e c e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 0 5 23
administration with barely the blink of an eye. Isolation,
psychological disorientation, intense questioning, and any
number of other creative techniques are possible. Some of
the most productive may well be those in which interroga-
tors are so versed in Islamic theology and Islamist subcul-
tures that they win the confidence of prisoners and pry in-
formation out of them—something the United States, with
its dearth of Arabic speakers, is unfortunately ill-equipped
to do.
Enemy combatants need not be accorded everyprivilege granted
legitimate prisoners of war; butthey must be treated as human
beings. This meansthat, in addition to physical torture, wanton
abuse
of their religious faith is out of bounds. No human freedom
is meaningful without religious freedom. The fact that
Koran abuse has been documented at Guantánamo; that
one prisoner at Abu Ghraib was forced to eat pork and
drink liquor; that fake menstrual blood was used to disori-
ent a strict Muslim prisoner at Guantánamo—these make
winning the hearts and minds of moderate Muslims far
harder. Such tactics have resulted in hunger strikes at
Guantánamo—perhaps the ultimate sign that the coercive
and abusive attempts to gain the cooperation of detainees
has completely failed to achieve the desired results.
The war on terrorism is, after all, a religious war in many
senses. It is a war to defend the separation of church and
21. state as critical to the existence of freedom, including reli-
gious freedom. It is a war to persuade the silent majority of
Muslims that the West offers a better way—more decency,
freedom, and humanity than the autocracies they live under
and the totalitarian theocracies waiting in the wings. By en-
dorsing torture—on anyone, anywhere, for any reason—we
help obliterate the very values we are trying to promote.
You can see this contradiction in Krauthammer’s own
words: We are “morally compelled” to commit “a terrible
and monstrous thing.” We are obliged to destroy the village
in order to save it. We have to extinguish the most basic
principle that defines America in order to save America.
No, we don’t. In order to retain fundamental American
values, we have to banish from the United States the totali-
tarian impulse that is integral to every act of torture. We
have to ensure that the virus of tyranny is never given an
opening to infect the Constitution and replicate into some-
thing that corrupts as deeply as it wounds. We should mark
the words of Ian Fishback, one of the heroes of this war:
“Will we confront danger and adversity in order to preserve
our ideals, or will our courage and commitment to individual
rights wither at the prospect of sacrifice? My response is
simple. If we abandon our ideals in the face of adversity and
aggression, then those ideals were never really in our posses-
sion. I would rather die fighting than give up even the small-
est part of the idea that is ‘America.’ ” If we legalize torture,
even under constrained conditions, we will have given up a
large part of the idea that is America. We will have lost the
war before we have given ourselves the chance to win it. J
and the secret torture sites in Eastern Europe. In World
War II, American soldiers were often tortured by the Japan-
ese when captured. But FDR refused to reciprocate. Why?
Because he knew that the goal of the war was not just
Japan’s defeat but Japan’s transformation into a democracy.
22. He knew that, if the beacon of democracy—the United
States of America—had succumbed to the hallmark of to-
talitarianism, then the chance for democratization would be
deeply compromised in the wake of victory.
No one should ever underestimate the profound impact
that the conduct of American troops in World War II had on
the citizens of the eventually defeated Axis powers. Ger-
mans saw the difference between being liberated by the
Anglo-Americans and being liberated by the Red Army. If
you saw an American or British uniform, you were safe. If
you didn’t, the terror would continue in different ways. Ask
any German or Japanese of the generation that built
democracy in those countries, and they will remind you of
American values—not trumpeted by presidents in front of
handpicked audiences, but demonstrated by the conduct of
the U.S. military during occupation. I grew up in Great
Britain, a country with similar memories. In the dark days of
the cold war, I was taught that America, for all its faults, was
still America. And that America did not, and constitutively
could not, torture anyone.
If American conduct was important in Japan and Ger-
many, how much more important is it in Iraq and Afghani-
stan. The entire point of the war on terrorism, according to
the president, is to advance freedom and democracy in the
Arab world. In Iraq, we had a chance not just to tell but to
show the Iraqi people how a democracy acts. And, tragical-
ly, in one critical respect, we failed. That failure undoubted-
ly contributed to the increased legitimacy of the insurgency
and illegitimacy of the occupation, and it made collabora-
tion between informed Sunnis and U.S. forces far less likely.
What minuscule intelligence we might have plausibly
gained from torturing and abusing detainees is vastly out-
weighed by the intelligence we have forfeited by alienating
many otherwise sympathetic Iraqis and Afghans, by deep-
23. ening the divide between the democracies, and by sullying
the West’s reputation in the Middle East. Ask yourself: Why
does Al Qaeda tell its detainees to claim torture regardless
of what happens to them in U.S. custody? Because Al Qae-
da knows that one of America’s greatest weapons in this
war is its reputation as a repository of freedom and decency.
Our policy of permissible torture has handed Al Qaeda this
weapon—to use against us. It is not just a moral tragedy. It is
a pragmatic disaster. Why compound these crimes and er-
rors by subsequently legalizing them, as Krauthammer (ex-
plicitly) and the president (implicitly) are proposing?
Will a ban on all “cruel, inhuman, and degrading treat-
ment” render interrogations useless? By no means. There
are many techniques for gaining intelligence from detainees
other than using their bodies against their souls. You can
start with the 17 that appear in the Army Field Manual, test-
ed by decades of armed conflict only to be discarded by this
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The Truth about Torture
Krauthammer, Charles
The Weekly Standard; Dec 5, 2005; 11, 12; ProQuest Central
pg. 21
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The Health of Nations
Klein, Ezra
The American Prospect; May 2007; 18, 5; ProQuest
pg. 17
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