Basic facts of HIV/AIDS

1. Presented by the Oklahoma State
Department of Health

2. Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
• “HIV is a virus spread through body fluids that
affects specific cells of the immune system,
called CD4 cells, or T cells”. 1
• HIV kills the body’s CD4 cells
(T cells) and damages the immune system.2
• HIV replicates inside the human body. It must
invade a healthy cell in the body to survive.2
There is NO
cure, but
there is
treatment.

3. • AIDS is a late stage of the
HIV infection
• Once diagnosed, body has
hard time fighting
disease and certain
cancers.
• NO cure for AIDS, but
there is treatment
Positive HIV Test
+
Very low CD4 count (<200 cells)
OR
presence of specific cancers or
infections
=
AIDS

4. In the U.S. :
•About 50,000 new infections/year3
•In 2013, 47,352 people were diagnosed
with HIV infection .3
•In 2013, 26,688 people were diagnosed
with AIDS.3
•Overall, an estimated 1,194,039
people have been diagnosed with
AIDS.3

5. Youth diagnosed
(ages 13-24)
Other ages
diagnosed
9,961
(21%)
Total:
47,352
4
HIV Diagnoses in 2013

6. • I can get HIV by being around people who are HIV-
positive.5
-kissing-
-touching/casual contact-
-breathing same air-
-sharing drinks/eating utensils-
-toilet seats-
-water fountains-
• I'm HIV-positive…my life is over.5
• I'm straight and don't use IV drugs - I won't become HIV-
positive.5
• You can’t get HIV from oral sex.5
• I would be able to tell if I or my partner was HIV positive.5
• My partner and I are both HIV positive, so there is no
need to use a condom.6
• I can get HIV from mosquitos.5

7. HIV is passed from person to person through
the exchange of bodily fluids.
3 Main Ways:
1. Unprotected sex with people living
with HIV (vaginal, oral, or anal)
2. Blood to blood contact
3. Exposure to HIV before or during birth
or through breastfeeding7

8. 8

9. -Mouth -Vagina
-Nose -Penis
-Eyes -Anus
-Ears -Break in
Skin

10. Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents,
by Transmission Category, 2012—United States and
6 Dependent Areas
N = 48,651
Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data
have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays and missing transmission category, but not for
incomplete reporting.
a Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
b Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
64%
4%3%
3%
9%
17%
<1%
Male-to-male sexual
contact
Injection drug use (IDU) -
Males
Injection drug use (IDU) -
Females
Male-to-male sexual
contact and IDU
Heterosexual contact -
males
Heterosexual contact -
females
Other
11

11. -Many people who are infected with HIV have NO
symptoms at all for 10 years or more.
-Currently 300,000-500,000 in U.S. have HIV and do
not know it.
-Symptoms vary.
Some people who are infected with HIV report having
flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after exposure.
• Fever
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Sore throat
• Rash
12

12. 4
2012 (U.S.)
Infected-
undiagnosed
Infected-
diagnosed
51%
49%
Youth = 15-24
yrs. old

13. •The period of time after you may
have been exposed to HIV, but
before a test can detect it (at
least 3 months)13
•Antibody tests cannot accurately
identify infection during this time.
•Immediately contagious
Incubation
period-
Time from
exposure to
HIV to time
when
antibodies can
be detected
through an HIV
test.

14. •HIV antibodies
present
•Infected and can
infect others
•Need to begin
treatment
•No HIV antibodies
detected
•May not be
infected (consider
the window
period)
•Consider retesting
What
Does the HIV Test Mean?
Positive
+
Negative
-

15. •Viral Load: Amount of
HIV in the blood
•CD4 (T4) Count:
Number of white blood
cells in the blood

16. The presence of an STD increases the
possibility of:
acquiring infection with HIV
&
transmitting HIV
Why?
 Compromised immune system
 Infection from STD
 Irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes

17. Opportunistic infections
(OIs) are infections that
occur more frequently
and are more severe in
individuals with
weakened immune
systems, including
people with HIV.
These infections are called
“opportunistic” because they take
advantage of your weakened immune
system, and they can cause devastating
illnesses.14
People with healthy
immune systems can be
exposed to certain viruses
and have no reaction to
them.
But people living with HIV
can face serious threats
from the same viruses.

18. Newly Diagnosed? START TREATMENT!
Treatment benefits:
your own health
&
the health of others.
Thanks to better treatments, people with
HIV are now living longer—and with a
better quality of life—than ever before.

19. Medication can be:
Expensive - $30,000 a year
$379,668 (lifetime)15
Complicated –Different pills at specific times
of the day
Toxic – side effects are common
Ineffective – not all strains of HIV respond

20. No Risk —
Abstinence (sex): not having oral, vaginal or
anal sex
Abstinence (drugs): not using drugs
Mutual monogamy between non-infected
partners
Reduced Risk —
Protected Sex: “Correct and consistent” use
of condoms/barriers16
Fewer sexual partners
Never sharing needles/”works”17
Regular HIV/STD testing18

21. More than 98% effective when used
correctly and consistently
Different kinds:19
•Latex
•Polyurethane (“Non-Latex”)
•Lambskin20

22. Do’s
• DO keep condoms in a cool,
dry place
• DO put the condom on an
erect (hard) penis before any
genital contact
• DO hold the condom in place
at the base of the penis
before withdrawing (pulling
out) after sex
• DO throw the condom away
after it’s been used
• DO use water-based
lubrication (vaginal sex) or
silicone-based (anal sex)
Don’ts
• DON’T use expired condoms.
• DON’T unroll the condom before
putting it on the penis
• DON’T leave condoms in hot
places (wallet, car, etc.)
• DON’T use oil-based products
(baby or cooking oils, hand
lotion, Vaseline, etc.) as
lubricants with latex condoms
• DON’T use your fingernails or
teeth while opening the condom
wrapper.
• DON’T reuse a condom
• DON’T use more than one
condom at a time

23. • Worn inside the vagina or
anus
• Thicker, more tear-resistant
• Always latex-free
• Wider opening covers more
pelvic area
• Used for oral sex
• Could make your own dental
dam

24. https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-
basics/prevention/hiv-testing/hiv-
test-locations/

25. •www.cdc.gov
•www.aids.gov
•www.plannedparenthood.org
•www.health.ok.gov
•www.sexetc.org
•HIV/AIDS Hotline: (800) 535-
2437

26. 1. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatIshiv.html
2. http://dhrpc.org/default/?LinkServID=B6FBEB7F-FFAA-C33A-42581F45E8662679
3. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/basics/ataglance.html
4. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth/index.html
5. http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/top-10-myths-misconceptions-about-hiv-aids
6. http://www.hpb.gov.sg/HOPPortal/health-article/6260
7. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/20/50/preventing-mother-to-child-
transmission-of-hiv
8. https://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/how-you-get-hiv-aids/
9. http://americanpregnancy.org/preventing-pregnancy/pregnancy-myths/
10. http://www.catie.ca/en/pif/fall-2014/getting-bottom-it-anal-sex-rectal-fluid-and-hiv-transmission
11. www.cdc.gov/hiv/ppt/statistics_surveillance_epi-hiv-infection.pptx
12. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html
13. http://www.sfaf.org/hiv-info/testing/hiv-test-window-periods.html
14. https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/staying-healthy-with-hiv-aids/potential-related-health-
problems/opportunistic-infections/
15. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/ongoing/costeffectiveness/
16. http://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/brief.html
17. http://stophiv.org/hp_joomla_15/index.php/prevention/needlessyringes.html
18.https://www.ghc.org/healthAndWellness/?item=/common/healthAndWellness/conditions/std/hivTests.
html
19. http://www.avert.org/condom-use-types-sizes.htm
20. http:///advocatesaz.org/2012/05/02/allergic-to-latex-you-can-still-have-safer-sex
21. http://www.ashasexualhealth.org/sexual-health/all-about-condoms/
22. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/female-condom
23. http://www.nakedtruth.idaho.gov/dental-dams.aspx
• http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/aids/diagnosis.html
• http://www.grayingofaids.org/modes-of-transmission/
• https://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/how-you-get-hiv-aids/
• http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/testing.html
• http://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/tc/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-what-happens
• https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/understand-your-test-results/cd4-
count/index.html
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000594.htm
• http://opi.mt.gov/pdf/hived/faqs.pdf
• http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/index.html
• https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/treatment-options/overview-of-
hiv-treatments/
• https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/21/51/hiv-treatment--the-basics
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004002.htm