Dr. Tamir Goshen presented on FMD and TADS threats in Israel. Israel faces regular incursions of FMD from neighboring endemic countries with little warning. Recent outbreaks in 2017-2018 occurred in the valleys and Golan Heights. Annual vaccination is used to control FMD, but outbreaks still occur. Emerging diseases are also a threat, including ephemeral fever in cattle, Simbu group viruses causing abortions and birth defects, and Rift Valley Fever. Effective control measures, vaccine availability, and preparedness for RVF are ongoing challenges.

1. FMD & TADS Threats
in Israel
Dr. Tamir Goshen, Acting CVO.
Israeli Veterinary Services & Animal Health
43rd General Session of the EuFMD
43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019

2. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
Israel
• Dairy Cattle – 200,000
(cows + replacement)
• Beef- Pasture – 50,000
(cows)
• Feedlot – 300,000
Calves, 300,000 lambs.
• Sheep – 500,000 (ewes)
• Goats – 100,000 (does)
• Pigs - 16,000 (sows)

3. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
FMD
• Endemic region.
• Incursions close to
the borders.
• Little/no warning
from neighboring
countries.

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FMD Outbreaks 2017-8

5. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
Gazit
Neve Ur
Moledet
Afula
Kfar Kish
5.4 6.526.4 15.527.4 29.4 2.5 2.529.4
5
FMD – Valleys

6. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
FMD – Golan (Autumn 2018)
6
6/11 11/1216/11
16/1
2
29/1
1
4/12 9/12
10/1
2
5/12
24/1
2
26/1
2
Mt.Hermo
n
Syria
Lebanon
Lebanon
FMD – Golan heights

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FMD - Control
• Annual vaccination. (O,A, ASIA-1)
• Asia-1 – last outbreak 1989.
• Nearest outbreak - Turkey 2015.
• Future vaccines – A+0 (ASIA-1 antigen
bank).
• W/O early warning – vaccination
campaign will continue.

8. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
TADS
• Emerging disease:
– Ephemeral fever.
– Simbu group viruses.
– LSD.
– EHD.
• RVF.

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Bovine Ephemeral fever
• Disease caused by an arbovirus
(Rhabdoviridae), affects cattle and
buffalo.
• Fever (>40.5º), salivation, nasal
discharges, lameness, tremor,
respiratory distress, emphysema, milk
yield  , recumbency, transient infertility
& abortions.
• High morbidity/low mortality.

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Bovine Ephemeral fever
• 1931,1951, 1990-91, 1999-2001, 2004, 2008-
2010, 2014-2015, 2018.

11. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
Bovine Ephemeral fever
• Vaccines:
– Inactivated – not produced, ineffective.
– Attenuated – matching? Efficacy?

12. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
Simbu group viruses
• National monitoring.
• Mosquitos & midges
monthly capturing.
• 6 ½ year old heifers –
blood sampled monthly.
• Akabane, Aino, Shuni,
Peaton

13. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
Simbu group viruses
• Akabane:
- 1969-70.
- 1985.
- 2001-2003 (AKAV+AINO).
- 2012.
- 2014-2018.

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• Abortions.
• Dystocia.
• Arthrogryposis & Hydranencephaly.
Simbu group viruses
6543211211
month
%OfTotalCalvings
AG HE

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Simbu group viruses

16. 43rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 201943rd General Session of the EuFMD Rome, 17-18 April 2019
Simbu group viruses
AG
Encephalopathy
Hydranencephaly = HE
Gestation (months)
Time of viral effect
Arthrogryposis = AG
HE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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• Cows/Ewes – no clinical signs.
(abortions?)
• No control measures.
Simbu group viruses

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Challenges
• Effective control measures.
• Vaccine availability.
• RVF.

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Thanks for listening.