Plenary 1: D Parry

1. Unravelling the Working of the Animal Body: A Biophysical Approach David A D Parry Institute of Fundamental Sciences Massey University New Zealand

3. Replication

4. Replication X-ray pattern of DNA Maurice Wilkins Double-Helical Structure

5. Protection and Shape

6. Wool and Hair

8. Molecular Structure of the Hair Keratin Molecule

10. Positions of the Characterised Crosslinks in Trichocyte Keratin

11. Axial Parameters Defining IF Structure K1/5/10/14 Reduced  -keratin Oxidised  -keratin No linkers fixed L1, L12 and L2 Fixed z a 79.74 78.15 50.00 z b 110.71 112.18 133.30 Repeat 301.16 302.51 316.61 Overlap 7.03 5.67 -8.43 A 12 -0.70 3.30 6.98 A 11 -111.41 -108.88 -126.32 A 22 189.75 193.63 190.28 L1 14.84 14.84 14.84 L12 12.57 12.57 12.57 L2 4.77 4.77 4.77 Δz(1BU, 1BD) -3.91 -1.38 -18.82 Δz(2BU, 2BD) 2.56 6.45 3.10 Δz(1BU, 2D) -50.54 -46.54 -42.86

12. Hair Keratin STEM Data 32 chains in cross-section

13. Key Physical Parameters in Hair Keratin Reduced 3.5 nm/wet/cryo-em 3.5 nm/wet/X-rays 44.92 nm/wet/crosslinks Oxidised 3.0 nm/wet/X-rays 2.9 nm /dry/X-rays 47.0 nm/wet/X-rays Radius of Electron-dense ring Axial Repeat r (8 + 0) r (7 + 1) Protofibrils contain four chains (two molecules) in cross-section

14. Models for the “Reduced” and “Oxidised” Hair Keratin IF Reduced (8 + 0) Oxidised (7 + 1)

15. Locomotion

16. Components of Connective Tissues in Mature Animals

17. Sequence of Collagen Type I Chain

18. Interaction Maxima Between Parallel Molecules

19. Molecular Arrangement in Collagen Fibrils

20. Passive and Active Skins Greyhound Skin Guinea Pig Footpad Skin Trout Skin

21. Cross-sections of Common Digital Extensor Tendon top) and Suspensory Ligament (Bottom) from a 5 Year Old Horse

22. Collagen Fibril Diameter Distributions in Horse Tendon and Ligament

23. X-ray Picture of Relaxed and Contracting Muscle a b Low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns from ( a ) relaxed and ( b ) active molluscan smooth muscle (anterior byssus retractor muscle from Mytilus edulis ). The actin pattern in ( a ) shows a clear third layer line but a missing second layer line, whereas ( b ) shows a second layer line (2) almost as strong as the third (3). From Vibert et al. [3].

24. Cross-section Of Muscle Thin Filament Calculated X-Ray Intensities on the Second and Third Layer Lines of the Thin Filament

25. Regulation Model for Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle

26. Actin Filament Structure Actin plus tropomyosin structure determined by electron microscopy of isolated actin filaments in the on and off states. Reconstructions by Lehman, Craig,Vibert et al.

27. Vision

28. Ultrastructure of Cornea

29. Corneal Fibril Diameters

30. Ultrastructure of Cornea and GAGs Parfitt et al. 2010 J. Struct. Biol., 170, 392-397

33. Unraveling the Working of the Animal Body: A Biophysical Approach (From left to right) Andrew Miller, David Parry, Barbara Brodsky, Bruce Fraser, Tom MacRae, Eikichi Suzuki

34. David Hulmes Alan Craig John Squire Carolyn Cohen Tammy Lynch Peter Steinert